The acoustic manipulation has the merits such as no selectivity to manipulated objects, less heat damage to biological samples (for some principles), simple and compact structure, and light weight. ...We demonstrate a strategy to ultrasonically rotate a single nanowire in a water film on a substrate surface. Controlled mobile acoustic streaming field generated by the ultrasound around a vibrating fiberglass is used to rotate the nanowire at any position on the substrate surface. The nanowire center or end moves to the location directly under the vibrating fiberglass tip due to the acoustic streaming field, and serves as the rotation center. The driving torque has an order of magnitude of 10 -20 N·m. Stable angular speed of a rotating nanowire can be up to several radians per second, and the temperature rise at the manipulation spot is less than 0.1 °C. The method has potential applications in the assembling of micro/nanostructures, orientation of biological samples, and measurement of dynamics properties of micro/nanoentities.
A hybrid single-end-access BOTDA and COTDR sensing system is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. In our configuration, the heterodyne detection techniques are applied to improve the SNR of the ...single-end-access BOTDA. Without adding extra instruments, our system could easily switch between BOTDA and COTDR modes by changing the intermediate frequency of the detected heterodyne signals. We performed the distributed temperature measurement when the sensor works as BOTDA, and a 24 km sensing range with 5m resolution together with a temperature uncertainty of 1.0°C are achieved. When it operates as COTDR, a peak dynamic range of 12 dB is obtained by using 50 ns probe pulse and the loss coefficient of fiber under test (FUT) is accurately measured. The hybrid system not only offers an excellent solution for the requisite of two-end-access in conventional BOTDA and obtains a longer measurement range than that of the existed one-end BOTDA, but also can be used to measure the attenuation of a fiber link or locate the discrete defects on optical fiber systems.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exert critical regulatory roles in the development and progression of several cancers. Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1), an lncRNA, was shown to be ...upregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) in our study, while Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression analysis showed that high expression of PVT1 was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) in ccRCC patients.
experiments revealed that PVT1 promoted renal cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while
studies confirmed its oncogenic roles in ccRCC. Further bioinformatic analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation revealed that PVT1 could function as an oncogenic transcript partly through sponging miR-200s to regulate BMI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. Besides, a novel splicing variant of PVT1 lacking exon 4 (PVT1ΔE4) was found to have a higher expression in ccRCC and could also promote cell proliferation and invasion as the full-length transcript did. Besides, SRSF1 decreased the inclusion of exon 4 of full-length transcript and increased the relative expression of PVT1ΔE4 in ccRCC. Mechanistic investigations indicated that PVT1ΔE4 could also upregulate the expression of BMI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2 through interacting with miR-200s. Our study helps reveal new molecular events in ccRCC and provides promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets for this disease.
The electric power infrastructure is the cornerstone of contemporary society’s sustenance and advancement. Within the intelligent electric power financial system, substantial inefficiency and waste ...in information management persist, leading to an escalating depletion of resources. Addressing diverse objectives encompassing economic, environmental, and societal concerns within the power system helps the study to undertake a comprehensive, integrated optimal design and operational scheduling based on a multiobjective optimization algorithm. This article centers on optimizing the power financial system by considering fuel cost, active network loss, and voltage quality as primary objectives. A mathematical model encapsulates these objectives, integrating equations and inequality constraints and subsequently introducing enhancements to the differential evolutionary algorithm. Adaptive variation and dynamic crossover factors within crossover, variation, and selection operations are integrated to optimize algorithm parameters, specifically catering to the multiobjective optimization of the electric power system. An adaptive grid method and cyclic crowding degree ensure population diversity and control the Pareto front distribution. They experimentally validated the approach and the comparisons conducted against AG-MOPSO, INSGA-II, and NSDE algorithms across standard test functions: ZDT1, ZDT2, ZDT3, and DTLZ4. The convergence evaluation indices for this study’s scheme on ZDT1 and ZDT2 are 0.000938 and 0.0034, respectively. Additionally, distribution evaluation indices on ZDT1, ZDT2, ZDT3, and ZDT4 stand at 0.0018, 0.0026, 0.0027, and 0.0009, respectively. These indices indicate a robust convergence and distribution, facilitating the optimization of electric power financial information management and the intelligent handling of the electric power financial system’s information, thereby enhancing the allocation of material and financial resources.
•NPs are concentrated around any selected point at droplet/solid interface.•The concentrated NPs can be transported stably through an arbitrary path.•The concentration and transportation are ...implemented by one single device.•The manipulations are based on the whirlpool generated by ultrasound.
Controlled concentration of nanoscale materials on the surface of a smooth substrate without vibration excitation mechanism and micro channels (termed as plain substrate), and transportation of the concentrated nano material on the surface, have large potential applications in the fabrication of nano sensors and electrodes, decoration and assembly of nano materials, etc. However, implementation of these two nano manipulation functions by one single device has been a big challenge. Here we report a strategy to concentrate nanoparticles at an arbitrary location at the interface between a plain substrate and water droplet, and to transportation the concentrated nano material freely at the interface. It employs the acoustic streaming, which is generated by a micro manipulating probe (MMP) vibrating linearly above the substrate. 500 nm-diameter silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can be concentrated under the MMP at a desired location, forming a round spot of nano materials with a diameter up to 230 μm. The concentrated nano material can be transported through an arbitrary path at the interface by shifting the device, and has little change in size and shape during the transportation. The dependency of acoustic streaming field around the MMP on device parameters are clarified by numerical computation and verified by experiments.
In this paper, the transient and steady-state temperature field of a traveling-wave rotary ultrasonic motor is analyzed by the finite element method, based on a theoretical model of power loss of ...this motor in rated operation. Using this model, the temperature field of this motor is calculated and the effects of the heat conductivity of friction material, motor size, ambient temperature, and pressure on the temperature field are estimated. The calculated temperature distribution and transient temperature change agree with the experimental results. The variation of heat conductivity of the friction material has little effect on the minimum temperature in the motor but this variation seriously affects the maximum temperature in the motor when the heat conductivity of the friction material is lower than 0.5 W/(m°C). Two indices are defined to express the non-uniformity of temperature field and how quickly the temperature field reaches its steady state for traveling-wave ultrasonic motors of different sizes. It is found that traveling-wave ultrasonic motors with different sizes have different nonuniformity of temperature field and take different amounts of time to reach thermal steady state. The maximum temperature rise is lower when the ambient temperature is higher; the maximum temperature increases as the vacuum degree increases and it is not affected by the vacuum degree when the vacuum degree is too high (<;10 -3 Pa).
In this paper, a method to increase the output power of a button zinc–air battery by applying acoustofluidics induced by ultrasonic excitation to the battery is proposed and demonstrated. In the ...structural design of the device, a flat piezoelectric ring was bonded onto the top of the outer surface of the cathode shell to excite an ultrasonic field in the battery. The maximum output power of the zinc–air battery increased by 46.8% when the vibration velocity and working frequency were 52.8 mm/s (the corresponding vibration amplitude was 277 nm) and 161.2 kHz and the rating capacity increased by about 20% with the assistance of the acoustofluidic field induced by ultrasonic excitation. Further analyses indicated that the discharge performance improvement can be attributed to the acoustic microstreaming vortices and the decrease of the viscosity coefficient in the electrolyte solution, which were both caused by ultrasonic excitation of the piezoelectric ring.
Mucociliary clearance plays a crucial role within the respiratory system as an initial protective mechanism against infections. Hence, it is imperative to validate any assumptions made regarding the ...mucociliary clearance and its impact on its functionality. This study examines flow of two-dimensional Reiner-Philippoff fluid within a ciliated channel, resulting in the separation of the fluid into two immiscible layers due to variations in viscosity. The governing equations are shortened through utilization of the long wavelength and Reynolds number (low) approximation. The impacts of emerging parameters are examined through the utilization of graphical representations. It has been observed that when there are variations in fluid properties, such as density, thermal conductivity, and viscosity between two neighboring zones, concept of a peripheral layer should be employed in order to achieve more accurate and realistic outcomes. The figures indicate that an increase in viscosities, thermal conductivities, and fluid characteristics leads to an elevation in temperature field in both layers. Moreover, the potential future scope of this study holds the promise of making substantial contributions to the comprehension of intricate fluid dynamics and fostering the advancement of novel technologies that can be practically applied across various domains. Additional research into the thermal characteristics of the system may contribute to a deeper comprehension of the complex interplay between temperature fluctuations and the dynamics of Reiner-Philippoff fluids. This has the potential to facilitate the advancement of thermal control mechanisms or the investigation of temperature-responsive materials for the purpose of manipulating fluid flow properties.
Mouse models are the benchmark tests for in vivo cancer studies. However, cost, time, and ethical considerations have led to calls for alternative in vivo cancer models. The chicken chorioallantoic ...membrane (CAM) model provides an inexpensive, rapid alternative that permits direct visualization of tumor development and is suitable for in vivo imaging. As such, we sought to develop an optimized protocol for engrafting gynecological and urological tumors into this model, which we present here. Approximately 7 days postfertilization, the air cell is moved to the vascularized side of the egg, where an opening is created in the shell. Tumors from murine and human cell lines and primary tissues can then be engrafted. These are typically seeded in a mixture of extracellular matrix and medium to avoid cellular dispersal and provide nutrient support until the cells recruit a vascular supply. Tumors may then grow for up to an additional 14 days prior to the eggs hatching. By implanting cells stably transduced with firefly luciferase, bioluminescence imaging can be used for the sensitive detection of tumor growth on the membrane and cancer cell spread throughout the embryo. This model can potentially be used to study tumorigenicity, invasion, metastasis, and therapeutic effectiveness. The chicken CAM model requires significantly less time and financial resources compared to traditional murine models. Because the eggs are immunocompromised and immune tolerant, tissues from any organism can potentially be implanted without costly transgenic animals (e.g., mice) required for implantation of human tissues. However, many of the advantages of this model could potentially also be limitations, including the short tumor generation time and immunocompromised/immune tolerant status. Additionally, although all tumor types presented here engraft in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model, they do so with varying degrees of tumor growth.
A high-sensitivity all-fiber temperature sensor based on a Sagnac interferometer is demonstrated by splicing a section of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) between two sections of standard single ...mode fibers (SMFs). In this sensor, the SMF-PMF-SMF structure in the Sagnac loop is bent into a circle to enhance the sensitivity. The length and curvature of the PMF in the loop are investigated and can be optimized to further increase the temperature sensitivity of the sensor. Results show that the radius of the circle has an important effect upon temperature sensitivity due to the bend-induced birefringence variation of the PMF. The SMF-PMF-SMF structure bent into a circle with a radius of 30 mm exhibits a high-sensitivity temperature of 1.73 nm/°C. The sensor is provided with the advantages of easy fabrication, low-insertion loss, and high sensitivity, which may find potential applications in the field of high precision temperature measurement.
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