Previous investigations on diabetic rats and palmitic corrosive instigated insulin-resistant HepG2 cells have shown that polydatin exhibits hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic impacts. The AMP-activated ...protein kinase (AMPK) pathway assumes a crucial part in glucose and lipid digestion. We aimed to investigate the regulatory system of polydatin on the glucose and lipid metabolism through the AMPK pathway. Glucose take-up, utilization levels, and oil red O recoloring were distinguished to confirm their impact on improving insulin resistance. A Western blot examination was utilized to investigate the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, AMPK, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and in addition the protein levels of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c. SREBP-1c nuclear translocation levels were recognized by a laser checking confocal magnifying instrument. One hundred nanomolar insulin treated for 24 h significantly declined the phosphorylation of Akt and AMPK, and increased the nucleoproteins of SREBP-1c compared with HepG2 cells without insulin. The insulin-resistant HepG2 cells prompted by insulin mediated the impact of polydatin on glucose and lipid digestion. Polydatin decreased glucose and lipid digestion of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Moreover, polydatin markedly raised phosphorylated Akt, GSK-3β, AMPK, ACC, diminished nuclear protein levels of SREBP-1c, and upgraded the protein levels of LDLR. Regulation of the AMPK pathway and changes in LDLR protein expression are potential focuses of polydatin in the treatment of insulin protection in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells.
Citrus fruit detection can provide technical support for fine management and yield determination of citrus orchards. Accurate detection of citrus fruits in mountain orchards is challenging because of ...leaf occlusion and citrus fruit mutual occlusion of different fruits. This paper presents a citrus detection task that combines UAV data collection, AI embedded device, and target detection algorithm. The system used a small unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a camera to take full-scale pictures of citrus trees; at the same time, we extended the state-of-the-art model target detection algorithm, added the attention mechanism and adaptive fusion feature method, improved the model's performance; to facilitate the deployment of the model, we used the pruning method to reduce the amount of model calculation and parameters. The improved target detection algorithm is ported to the edge computing end to detect the data collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle. The experiment was performed on the self-made citrus dataset, the detection accuracy was 93.32%, and the processing speed at the edge computing device was 180 ms/frame. This method is suitable for citrus detection tasks in the mountainous orchard environment, and it can help fruit growers to estimate their yield.
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) boost the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs), and thereby play important roles in diabetic nephropathy (DN). ...Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a protein deacetylase, is known to markedly protect cells from oxidative stress (OSS) injury. Based on the critical involvements of AGEs and Sirt1 in OSS, Sirt1 is postulated to resist AGEs-induced diabetic renal fibrosis through its antioxidative effects. The current study was designed to explore the inhibitory effect of Sirt1 on the expressions of fibronectin (FN) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induced by AGEs in GMCs. The molecular mechanism by which Sirt1 promoted the activation of the antioxidative pathway was further investigated. The following findings were obtained: (1) the treatment of GMCs with AGEs decreased Sirt1 levels in terms of protein expression and activity but increased FN and TGF-β1 levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner; (2) resveratrol or Sirt1 overexpression markedly increased Sirt1 levels and reduced FN and TGF-β1 expressions; (3) inhibition of Sirt1 activity further induced the productions of FN and TGF-β1; (4) Sirt1 promoted the nuclear accumulation, DNA binding, and transcriptional activities of Nrf2 and upregulated the expressions of Nrf2 downstream genes, heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase 1; ROS levels induced by AGEs eventually reduced in a deacetylase-dependent manner; and (5) with the deposition of AGEs in the kidneys, the diabetic rats suffered severe renal dysfunction and high OSS levels; resveratrol treatment evidently diminished the OSS levels, ameliorated renal injury, and prevented the expressions of FN and TGF-β1 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. This work supports a negative role of Sirt1 in AGE-induced overproductions of FN and TGF-β1. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of Sirt1 on DN correlate well with the activation of the Nrf2/ARE antioxidative pathway.
Our previous study indicated that Casein kinase 2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) could promote the activation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ antioxidant response element (ARE) ...pathway, playing a significant role in inhibiting the fibrosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we investigated whether CKIP-1 affects the polyubiquitination of Nrf2 and its cytosolic inhibitor kelch like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) via mediating Smad ubiquitylation regulatory factor-1 (Smurf1) to promote the activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling and resist high glucose (HG)-induced renal fibrosis in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and diabetic mice kidneys. Results showed that the expression of Smurf1 increased in HG-induced GMCs, with a paramount upregulation at 1h. Overexpression of wild-type Smurf1 plasmid further promoted the HG-induced the over-production of fibronectin (FN) and intercellular adhesionmolecule-1 (ICAM-1), and depletion of Smurf1 dramatically reduced the expression of FN and ICAM-1. Overexpression of CKIP-1 decreased the K48-linked polyubiquitination and increased the K63-linked polyubiquitination of Nrf2 as well as enhanced the K48-linked polyubiquitination and reduced K63-linked polyubiquitination of Keap1, promoting the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Overexpression of Smurf1 increased the K48-linked polyubiquitination and decreased the K63-linked polyubiquitination of Nrf2, and down-regulated the K48-linked polyubiquitination and up-regulated the K63-linked polyubiquitination of Keap1, inhibiting the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway. CKIP-1 promoted the degradation of Smurf1 by increasing the ubiquitination of Smurf1. Treatment of CKIP-1 adenovirus infection reduced the Smurf1 levels, promoted the activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway as well as suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and then improved the failure of renal function of diabetic mice. Experiments above suggested that CKIP-1 affects the polyubiquitination of Nrf2 and Keap1 and promotes the Nrf2-ARE pathway through down-regulating Smurf1 to resist HG-induced up-regulation of FN and ICAM-1 in GMCs and diabetic mice kidneys.
•Smurf1 involves in the progress of DN because of its ubiquitin ligase activity.•Both Nrf2 and Keap1 can be polyubiquitinated.•CKIP-1 affects the polyubiquitination of Nrf2 and Keap1 via Smurf1.•CKIP-1 adenovirus improved antioxidant ability and renal failure of diabetic mice.
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The micro-RNA miR-30b-3p has been reported to play a crucial role in several cancers. However, the biological function of miR-30b-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unknown.
RT-qPCR was ...employed to determine the expression of miR-30b-3p in HCC tissues and cells. The MTT assay, colony formation assay, and cell migration and invasion assay were employed to evaluate the role of miR-30b-3p in HCC cells. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the target of miR-30b-3p. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of key molecular signal transducers along TRIM27-PI3K/Akt axis.
Expression of miR-30b-3p was markedly decreased in HCC tissues and cells and positively correlated with higher overall survival. Moreover, miR-30b-3p overexpression significantly repressed cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells
. Notably, we demonstrated that miR-30b-3p directly bound to the 3'-untranslated region of tripartite motif containing 27 (TRIM27) mRNA by downregulating the expression of TRIM27, which was demonstrated to be negatively correlated with miR-30b-3p expression. TRIM27 was demonstrated to have an oncogenic role in HCC cells by enhancing cell viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Finally, the miR-30-3p-TRIM27-PI3K/Akt axis was shown to play a crucial role in HCC cells
.
Our results indicated that miR-30-3p might act as a new biomarker for the future diagnosis and treatment HCC.
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health problem in the United States and worldwide without successful treatments. Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to ALD, which is characterized by ...steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Recent studies suggest that alcohol induces both cell death and adaptive cell survival pathways in the liver, and the balance of cell death and cell survival ultimately decides the pathogenesis of ALD. This review summarizes the recent progress on the role and mechanisms of apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy in the pathogenesis of ALD. Understanding the complex regulation of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies by targeting all 3 pathways simultaneously.
Cell death and cell survival are closely associated with alcoholic liver disease.
Ethanol metabolism leads to increased oxidative stress resulting in mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in hepatocytes.
Chronic alcohol consumption increases gut permeability and elevated systemic levels of gut‐derived endotoxins resulting in increased production of TNF‐α from activated Kupffer cells.
Depending on the cIAP levels and caspase‐8 activation in hepatocytes, TNF‐α either induces apoptosis or necroptosis by activating Bid‐mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway or ripoptosome or necrosome.
The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of group-play intervention on executive function (EF) in preschoolers. This group-play intervention was integrated as moderate to vigorous ...physical activity and cognitively loaded exercise to promote EF in preschoolers. An 8-week group-play MVPA intervention program, consisting of a series of outdoor physical and cognitively loaded games, was designed to improve preschoolers’ EF. This intervention program was implemented in group-play form, and conducted by teachers who received standardized training before the intervention. Two classes of second grade preschoolers (
N
= 62) were randomly allocated to experimental (
n
= 30,
M
age
= 4.16,
SD
= 0.29) and control (
n
= 32,
M
age
= 4.7,
SD
= 0.43) groups. The intervention group received the intervention three times a week, while the control group exercised as usual in preschool. Before, in the middle of, and after the intervention, 10-m running, standing broad jump, throwing, body flexion, balance beam, and skip jump were assessed as tests of motor skills. In addition, three components of EF were measured separately before, in the middle of, and after the intervention: inhibitory control was assessed by using the silly sound Stroop task, working memory was tested using the empty house task, and shifting was assessed using the dimensional change card sorting task. Although both groups showed an increasing trend in terms of motor skills and EF during the intervention, the increasing amounts of the intervention group were significantly higher than the control group. The findings of the present study suggested that group-play intervention has positive effects on aspects of EF in addition to motor skills in preschoolers.
The present study aimed to delineate the characteristics of empathy and mental health in preschool teachers and to examine the role of empathy in preschool teachers’ mental health. The sample in this ...study consisted of 4348 preschool teachers, who were divided into four groups according to their years of teaching experience (less than 2, 2–5, 5–10, and more than 10 years). The Chinese version of the Symptom Checklist 90 was used to measure the mental health symptoms of the participants, and the Chinese version of the interpersonal reactivity index was employed to assess various aspects of the participants’ empathy. The results indicated that most symptoms increased as teaching experience increased, independent of the effect of age. The study also found that the four dimensions of empathy showed different trends across the four teaching experience groups: fantasy remained stable, empathic concerns and perspective taking showed decreasing trends, and personal distress showed an increasing trend. Moreover, the present research found a relatively complex relationship between empathy and mental health in preschool teachers: whereas fantasy and personal distress positively predicted mental health symptoms in preschool teachers, perspective taking and empathic concern negatively correlated with most of the symptoms. It seems that empathy contains both risk and protective factors for individuals’ mental health, and these factors are affected by years of teaching experience.
Recently, the effect of polydatin on lipid regulation has gained considerable attention. And previous study has demonstrated that polydatin has hypoglycemic effect on experimental diabetic rats. ...Repressed Akt pathway contributes to glucose and lipid disorders in diabetes. Thus, whether polydatin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in experimental diabetic models through the Akt pathway arouses interest. The purpose was to explore the regulatory mechanism of polydain on glucose and lipid through Akt pathway. We used a diabetic rat model induced by high-fat and -sugar diet with low-dose of streptozocin and an insulin resistant HepG2 cell model induced by palmitic acid to clarify the role of polydatin on glucose and lipid metabolism. Here, we found that polydatin significantly attenuated fasting blood–glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated serum protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic rats. Furthermore, polydatin significantly increased glucose uptake and consumption and decreased lipid accumulation in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Polydatin markedly increased serum insulin levels in diabetic rats, and obviously activated the Akt signaling pathway in diabetic rat livers and insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Polydatin markedly increased phosphorylated GSK-3β, decreased the protein levels of G6Pase and SREBP-1c, and increased protein levels of GCK, LDLR, and phosphorylated IRS in livers and HepG2 cells. Overall, the results indicate that polydatin regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in experimental diabetic models, the underlying mechanism is probably associated with regulating the Akt pathway. The effect of polydatin on increased Akt phosphorylation is independent of prompting insulin secretion, but dependent of increasing IRS phosphorylation.
Through in-depth analysis of the typical international wireless sensor network experimental system, the current design generally lacks the real-time diagnosis of the health state of the fault node ...and the experimental platform, the management and control mechanism to minimize the interference of the experimental task, and the highly integrated and friendly experimental entrance, which will have an obvious distortion impact on the experimental results. In view of the above shortcomings, on the basis of fully absorbing the design advantages in this research field, this paper studies and designs a high fidelity WSN experimental system, which covers the elements of open source, heterogeneity, analysis visualization, and experimental repeatability and innovates the mechanisms of real-time diagnosis, hierarchical parallel control, and TDMA to collect a large amount of experimental data. In order to support a variety of applications based on IEEE802.15.4 band, a high-fidelity and user-friendly experimental platform software and hardware system with 15 clusters and 130 heterogeneous nodes is studied and designed, which can simulate outdoor mesh networks with more than 6 hops. This paper is designed and implemented on Linux open-source platform. The whole system has low cost and can be replicated. The design results have good reference and application value for the research and design of wireless sensor network experimental system.
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