Lithium metal batteries suffer from short lifespans and low Coulombic efficiency (CE) due to the high reactivity of Li and the poor stability of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, we ...propose the concept of a pseudo-concentrated electrolyte (PCE) induced by an electron-deficient additive (4-pyridylboronic acid; 4-PBA) to form a robust, LiF-rich SEI, thus addressing the above issues. Molecular dynamics simulations confirm that 4-PBA can increase the coordination number of PF6- anions in the Li+ solvation sheath to achieve pseudo-concentrated LiPF6 in the electrolyte. Moreover, the 4-PBA can scavenge harmful PF5 decomposed from LiPF6 to stabilize the LiF-rich SEI. The resulting robust LiF-rich SEI promotes Li growth along the SEI/Li interface and represses the growth of Li dendrites. Thus, excellent performance is achieved, with a high CE of 97.1% for a Li||Cu cell at 1.0 mA cm−2, and over 950 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2 for Li||Li symmetric cells with 1.0 wt% 4-PBA electrolyte. Meanwhile, the resulting stable boron-containing cathode electrolyte interphase enables Li||LiNi0·6Co0·2Mn0·2O2 (NCM622) cells to achieve excellent stability, with a capacity retention of 86.9% after 200 cycles.
We propose the concept of a pseudo-concentrated electrolyte that helps in the formation of a robust LiF-rich SEI for uniform Li deposition, which is realized by the induction of 4-pyridineboronic acid (4-PBA) to increase PF6− coordination with Li+. Display omitted
•The concept of a pseudo-concentrated electrolyte is presented.•4-pyridylboronic acid can increase the coordination number of PF6– anions in the Li+ solvation sheath.•As an additive, 4-pyridylboronic acid can have a pseudo-concentrated effect on electrolytes.•4-pyridylboronic acid can scavenge harmful PF5 in the electrolyte.
Changes in land cover by rapid urbanization have diminished the cooling effect of urban green spaces (UGS), exacerbating the upward trend of land surface temperature (LST). A thorough and precise ...understanding of the spatio-temporal characteristics of UGS and LST is essential for mitigating localized high temperatures in cities. This study identified the spatio-temporal changes in UGS configuration and LST in Shanghai from 2003 to 2022. The correlation between UGS configuration and LST was explored using spatial autocorrelation analysis and causal inference. The results show that (1) the high-temperature space had grown from 721 km2 in 2003 to 3059 km2 in 2022; (2) in suburbs, the largest area of UGS tended to decrease, while the number of patches tended to increase, indicating a distinct feature of suburbanization; (3) changes in the largest area of UGS had more significant spatial correlation, indicating that urban sprawl primarily impacts large UGSs; and (4) compared to the number and shape of UGS, changes in the largest area are the key factor influencing regional LST. These findings enrich the knowledge of the spatio−temporal relationship between the UGS configuration and its cooling effect in urbanization, offering valuable insights for building cooler cities.
The construction of stable cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) is the key to improve the NCM811 particle structure and interfacial stability via electrolyte engineering. In He’s work, lithium ...hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS) as the electrolyte additive is proposed to facilitate the generation of stable CEI on NCM811 cathode surface and eliminate H
2
O and HF in the electrolyte at the same time, which boosts the cycling performance of Li||NCM811 battery up to 1000 or 500 cycles with 4.5 V cut-off voltage at 25 or 60 °C.
The performance of Li batteries is influenced by the Li+ solvation structure, which can be precisely adjusted by the components of the electrolytes. In this review, we overview the strategies for ...optimizing electrolyte solvation structures from three different perspectives, including anion regulation, binding energy regulation, and additive regulation. These strategies can optimize the composition of the electrode‐electrolyte interface, enhance the anti‐oxidative stability of electrolytes as well as regulate the behaviors of anions, solvents, and Li+ during the cycling process. Moreover, we also provide our insights into these aspects as well as present perspectives on high‐performance Li batteries.
In this review, we discuss about the structural regulation chemistry of lithium ion solvation for lithium batteries, from the strategies for optimizing electrolyte solvation structures to perspectives on high‐performance Li batteries.
Lithium batteries are currently the most popular and promising energy storage system, but the current lithium battery technology can no longer meet people's demand for high energy density devices. ...Increasing the charge cutoff voltage of a lithium battery can greatly increase its energy density. However, as the voltage increases, a series of unfavorable factors emerges in the system, causing the rapid failure of lithium batteries. To overcome these problems and extend the life of high‐voltage lithium batteries, electrolyte modification strategies have been widely adopted. Under this content, this review first introduces the degradation mechanism of lithium batteries under high cutoff voltage, and then presents an overview of the recent progress in the modification of high‐voltage lithium batteries using electrolyte modification strategies. Finally, the future direction of high‐voltage lithium battery electrolytes is also proposed.
High‐voltage lithium batteries have some challenges, e.g., electrolyte decomposition, parasitic oxidation reaction, transition metal dissolution and surface cracks and phase changes in regards with cathodes. In this review, we will overview the recent progress in the modification of high‐voltage lithium batteries using electrolyte modification strategies, and propose future research directions.
Mapping cultural ecosystem services (CES) in river basins is crucial for spatially identifying areas that merit conservation due to their significant CES contributions. However, precise ...quantification of the appropriate area of mapping units, which is the basis for CES assessment, is rare in existing studies. In this study, the optimal area threshold of mapping units (OATMU) identification, consisting of a multi-dimensional indicator framework and a methodology for validation, was established to clarify the boundary and the appropriate area of the mapping units for CES. The multi-dimensional indicator framework included geo-hydrological indicator (GI), economic indicator (EI) and social management indicator (SMI). The OATMU for each indicator was determined by seeking the inflection point in the second-order derivative of the power function. The minimum value of the OATMU for each indicator was obtained as the OATMU for CES. Finally, the OATMU for CES was validated by comparing it with the area of administrative villages in the river basin. The results showed the OATMU for CES was 3.60 km2. This study adopted OATMU identification, with easy access to basic data and simplified calculation methods, to provide clear and generic technical support for optimizing CES mapping.
The urban landscape is being affected by rapid urbanization, leading to a complexity of land features and a fragmentation of patches. However, many studies have focused on the prediction of land-use ...change with a lack of research on the landscape character types which have more integrated descriptions of land features. Hence, this study predicts and identifies landscape character types (LCTs) in different periods based on the PLUS model and the K-Medoids algorithm, taking the central city of Chongqing as an example, to reveal the differences in the influence of driving factors on LCTs. The results show that (1) the urban landscape characteristic types present a gradient change from the built-up area to the outward expansion. (2) The SHDI and LPI of landscape character types decreased significantly with the expansion of construction land. (3) Nighttime light, distance from water bodies, and distance from the motorways are the main factors affecting the change of landscape character types. This study predicts and identifies urban landscape character types and quantifies the impact of urban expansion on landscape character. It can be used to guide urban planning and help governments to make more informed decisions on sustainable urban development and ecological conservation.
Rapid global urbanization has caused habitat degradation and fragmentation, resulting in biodiversity loss and the homogenization of urban species. Birds play a crucial role as biodiversity ...indicators in urban environments, providing multiple ecosystem services and demonstrating sensitivity to changes in habitat. However, construction activities often disrupt urban bird habitats, leading to a decline in habitat quality. This paper proposes a framework for prioritizing habitat restoration by pinpointing bird hotspots that demand attention and considering the matching relationship between bird richness and habitat quality. Shanghai represents a typical example of the high-density megacities in China, posing a significant challenge for biodiversity conservation efforts. Utilizing the random forest (RF) model, bird richness patterns in central Shanghai were mapped, and bird hotspots were identified by calculating local spatial autocorrelation indices. From this, the habitat quality of hotspot areas was evaluated, and the restoration priority of bird habitats was determined by matching bird richness with habitat quality through z-score standardization. The results were as follows: (1) Outer-ring green spaces, large urban parks, and green areas along coasts or rivers were found to be the most important habitats for bird richness. Notably, forests emerged as a crucial habitat, with approximately 50.68% of the forested areas identified as hotspots. (2) Four habitat restoration types were identified. The high-bird-richness–low-habitat-quality area (HBR-LHQ), mainly consisting of grassland and urban construction land, was identified as a key priority for restoration due to its vulnerability to human activities. (3) The Landscape Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are considered the most significant factors influencing the bird distribution. Our findings provide a scientifically effective framework for identifying habitat restoration priorities in high-density urban areas.
Background
Emerging evidence suggests that exercise is a simple and effective method for maintaining brain function.
Aims
This review evaluates the effects of five physical exercises, including ...aerobic training (AT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), combined training (CT), resistance training (RT), and AT+RT, on the serum level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in healthy and non-healthy populations.
Methods
We searched CNKI, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to review randomized controlled studies on exercise interventions for BDNF. Quantitative merging analysis of the resulting data using Bayesian network meta-analysis.
Results
The screening and exclusion of the searched literature resulted in the inclusion of 39 randomized controlled trials containing 5 exercise interventions with a total of 2031 subjects. The AT, RT, AT+RT, HIIT, and CT groups (intervention groups) and the CG group (conventional control group) were assigned to 451, 236, 102, 84, 293, and 865 subjects, respectively. The Bayesian network meta-analysis ranked the effect of exercise on BDNF level improvement in healthy and non-healthy subjects as follows: RT > HIIT > CT > AT+RT > AT > CG. Better outcomes were observed in all five intervention groups than in the CG group, with RT having the most significant effect MD = 3.11 (0.33, 5.76),
p
< 0.05.
Conclusions
RT at moderate intensity is recommended for children and older adults in the case of exercise tolerance and is effective in maintaining or modulating BDNF levels for promoting brain health.
Systematic Review Registration
https://inplasy.com
, INPLASY202250164.
Bio‐inspired soft robots provide a promising solution for robots working in human‐centered scenarios and interacting with unstructured environments. However, the functional versatility and multimodal ...sensing of soft robots still need improvements. On one hand, the configuration of a soft robot is predefined during manufacturing; on the other hand, the multimodal perception of the deformable soft actuator is challenging. In this work, a reconfigurable and proprioceptive soft origami module is presented, where two kinds of basic actuation modes (i.e., extension and bending) are realized, and multimodal perception is enabled using a novel foldable self‐inductance sensor. As a result, the origami module can be reconfigured to assemble multifunctional robots that can measure interaction force, body configuration, and other environmental information. Dedicated experiments are performed to validate the performance of the proposed origami module. An intelligent gripper assembled using three origami modules is designed with the capabilities of grasping mode adjustment, grasping force measurement, and the grasping target's size measurement. An intelligent jellyfish is assembled using five origami modules, and equipped with buoyancy adjustment and underwater grasping capabilities. The proposed proprioceptive modular soft origami provides an effective solution for versatile and intelligent soft robot design.
This work presents a proprioceptive soft origami module, where two kinds of basic actuation modes (i.e., extension and bending) are realized, and multimodal perception is enabled using a novel foldable self‐inductance sensor. The origami module can be reconfigured to assemble multifunctional robots with environmental awareness, which provides an effective solution for versatile and intelligent soft robot design.
