Synthetic fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have been widely used in engineering fields, e.g., civil, automotive, and aerospace industry, due to their high specific modulus and ...strength, corrosion resistance, and relatively high durability. The interface between fibre and polymer matrix is critical for the short-term and long-term performance of the FRP composite materials due to the shear lag stress transfer from the matrix to the fibre via their interface. This paper presents an overview of the fibre–matrix interface and interfacial properties. First, the interface mechanisms (i.e., interdiffusion, chemical bonding and mechanical interlocking) of FRP composites are discussed. Next, the methodology for measuring interfacial properties, characterizing interface morphology and chemical composition, and numerical simulations on FRP interface are introduced. Lastly, the challenges for the characterization of interfacial properties are highlighted.
Battery thermal management system (BTMS) is very critical to a high-performance electric vehicle. Compared with other cooling methods, the immersion cooling with heat transfer efficiency has received ...comprehensive attentions recently, especially that with single-phase insulating oil, since it can not only guarantee the heat transfer efficiency but also simplify the system. This article reviews the latest research progress in oil-immersed BTMS based on single-phase insulating oil. Firstly, the development of insulating oils is introduced, and their basic cooling properties are compared and analyzed. Then, the influences of different factors on the effectiveness of the oil-immersed battery cooling system are analyzed from the aspects of immersion degree, flow channel configuration, thermal property parameters, and others. Finally, challenges with using insulating oil as the immersion cooling medium for lithium batteries (LIBs) are discussed, and potential future research directions are outlined. Ultimately, the insights of this paper will hopefully provide some references for researchers to further develop and design more efficient and reliable BTMSs, thus driving the development of LIBs.
Shortest path is a fundamental graph problem with numerous applications. However, the concept of classic shortest path is insufficient. In this paper, we study various concepts of "shortest" path in ...temporal graphs, called minimum temporal paths. Computing these minimum temporal paths is challenging as subpaths of a "shortest" path may not be "shortest" in a temporal graph. We propose efficient algorithms to compute minimum temporal paths and verified their efficiency using large real-world temporal graphs.
The performance of lithium-ion batteries is closely related to temperature, and much attention has been paid to their thermal safety. With the increasing application of the lithium-ion battery, ...higher requirements are put forward for battery thermal management systems. Compared with other cooling methods, liquid cooling is an efficient cooling method, which can control the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of the battery within an acceptable range. This article reviews the latest research in liquid cooling battery thermal management systems from the perspective of indirect and direct liquid cooling. Firstly, different coolants are compared. The indirect liquid cooling part analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different liquid channels and system structures. Direct cooling summarizes the different systems’ differences in cooling effectiveness and energy consumption. Then, the combination of liquid cooling, air cooling, phase change materials, and heat pipes is examined. Later, the connection between the cooling and heating functions in the liquid thermal management system is considered. In addition, from a safety perspective, it is found that liquid cooling can effectively manage thermal runaway. Finally, some problems are put forward, and a summary and outlook are given.
Based on the existing situation that natural aggregates are over-exploited and man-made aggregates have become a growing trend, this paper uses economical and abundant agricultural by-product, moso ...bamboo, as coarse aggregates to partially replace natural coarse aggregate (NCA) for casting a novel bamboo aggregate concrete (BAC), to minimize the use of NCA and to explore feasible sustainable construction materials. Monotonic axial compression tests were conducted on BAC to investigate the effects of bamboo coarse aggregate (BCA) replacement rate (r=0%∼45%) and modification methods (unmodified and epoxy mortar-modified) on failure modes, key mechanical property indexes, and compressive stress-strain relationship. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to analyze the chemical composition and microstructure of BAC. Results showed that when r ≥ 15%, the strength of epoxy mortar-modified BAC can meet the strength requirements of most non-special structural components in general construction while exhibiting good ductility, so it is recommended to use r ≥ 15% epoxy mortar-modified BCA. Finally, the conversion equations between the main mechanical property indexes and the stress-strain constitutive equations of BAC were proposed. The proposal of BAC is in line with the industry demand of vigorously promoting green building and sustainable building materials, and the study of its compression properties lays a theoretical foundation for its future engineering applications and structural design.
Data science teams often collaboratively analyze datasets, generating dataset versions at each stage of iterative exploration and analysis. There is a pressing need for a system that can support ...dataset versioning, enabling such teams to efficiently store, track, and query across dataset versions. We introduce
OrpheusDB
, a dataset version control system that “bolts on” versioning capabilities to a traditional relational database system, thereby gaining the analytics capabilities of the database “for free.” We develop and evaluate multiple data models for representing versioned data, as well as a lightweight partitioning scheme,
LyreSplit
, to further optimize the models for reduced query latencies. With
LyreSplit
,
OrpheusDB
is on average
10
3
×
faster in finding effective (and better) partitionings than competing approaches, while also reducing the latency of version retrieval by up to
20
×
relative to schemes without partitioning.
LyreSplit
can be applied in an online fashion as new versions are added, alongside an intelligent migration scheme that reduces migration time by
10
×
on average.
This study was focused on extraction, radical scavenging activities, and chemical composition identification of total flavonoids in sunflower (
L.) receptacles (TFSR). We investigated the optimal ...extract parameters of TFSR using response surface methodology. The highest yield of TFSR was 1.04% with the ethanol concentration 58%, the material-to-liquid ratio 1:20 (
/
), the extraction time 2.6 h, and the extraction temperature 67 °C. The results of radical scavenging activities showed that ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) was the strongest by using 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and iron ion reducing analysis. The EAF had the highest flavonoids contents. Four fractions A, B, C and D were enrichment from EAF by polyamide resin. Fraction B had the highest flavonoids content. Thirteen chemical components of flavonoids in fraction B were first identified by Ultimate 3000 Nano LC System coupled to a Q Exactive HF benchtop Orbitrap mass spectrometer (UHPLC-HRMS/MS). Among of the thirteen chemical components, isoquercetin and daidzein were identified accurately by comparing with standard samples. Radical scavenging analysis showed that isoquercetin and EAF had strong activities. Therefore, sunflower receptacles can be used as a source of natural flavonoids. TFSR as a natural radical scavenger has potential applications in pharmaceutical industry.
We report the experimental investigation of Mn doping effect on the electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties of Ru1−xMnxSb2+δ single crystals. While RuSb2+δ is a diamagnetic semiconductor, ...partial replacement of Ru by Mn results in ferromagnetism with the Curie temperature 536 K and 540 K for x = 0.04 and 0.08, respectively. Correspondingly, the electrical resistivity decreases dramatically and shows metallic character due to the increased electron concentration. Surprisingly, the magnitude of the thermopower increases upon Mn doping, reaching −250 V K−1 at 300 K for x = 0.08, while the thermal conductivity remains unchanged above 100 K. These indicate a strong modification of electronic structure by doped Mn, leading to enhanced thermoelectric properties. The carriers induced by Mn not only decrease the resistivity, but also mediate the long-range ferromagnetic ordering in Ru1−xMnxSb2+δ.
Better tools are needed to enable researchers to quickly identify and explore effective and interpretable feature-based explanations for discriminating multi-class genomic datasets, e.g., healthy ...versus diseased samples. We develop an interactive exploration tool, GENVISAGE, which rapidly discovers the most discriminative feature pairs that separate two classes of genomic objects and then displays the corresponding visualizations. Since quickly finding top feature pairs is computationally challenging, especially for large numbers of objects and features, we propose a suite of optimizations to make GENVISAGE responsive at scale and demonstrate that our optimizations lead to a 400× speedup over competitive baselines for multiple biological datasets. We apply our rapid and interpretable tool to identify literature-supported pairs of genes whose transcriptomic responses significantly discriminate several chemotherapy drug treatments. With its generalizable optimizations and framework, GENVISAGE opens up real-time feature-based explanation generation to data from massive sequencing efforts, as well as many other scientific domains.
•Finding feature pairs that separate object classes in genomic datasets is important•Our interactive GENVISAGE tool rapidly identifies and visualizes these feature pairs•Several optimizations make GENVISAGE up to 400× faster than baseline approaches•GENVISAGE finds supported gene pairs that discriminate between drug treatments
A fundamental task in the analysis of genomics datasets is identifying features that can explain the difference between two groups of biological samples. As studies and data repositories that enable simultaneous analysis of thousands of samples become widespread, it is imperative that feature identification tools return interpretable and significant results rapidly, allowing researchers to interactively generate and explore hypotheses on these massive datasets. Our tool, GENVISAGE, is built around a framework that identifies pairs of features that strongly separate samples of different classes. An extensive suite of optimization techniques enables us to extract literature-supported feature pairs with accompanying interpretable visualizations from exceptionally large genomic datasets in real time. The GENVISAGE optimizations and webserver instance provide a blueprint for future online tools providing interactive feature exploration in massive datasets from genomics and other domains.
Identifying features that most strongly separate samples from two biological classes is fundamental in the analysis of genomic datasets. This task is typically addressed by finding (1) single features using univariate statistical methods or (2) multi-feature combinations from time-intensive machine learning. Here we present GENVISAGE, a tool that enables researchers to interactively identify visually interpretable and significant feature pairs that separate the classes. With this highly optimized tool, researchers can instantaneously generate and explore hypotheses on very massive genomic datasets.
Abstract
Single crystalline BaMnSb
2
is considered as a 3D Weyl semimetal with the 2D electronic structure containing Dirac cones from the Sb sheet. We report experimental investigation of ...low-temperature cleaved BaMnSb
2
surfaces using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. By natural cleavage, we find two terminations: one is Ba (above the orthorhombically distorted Sb sheet) and another Sb2 (at the surface of the Sb/Mn/Sb sandwich layer). Both terminations show the 2 × 1 surface reconstructions, with drastically different morphologies and electronic properties, however. The reconstructed structures, defect types and nature of the electronic structures of the two terminations are extensively studied. The quasiparticle interference (QPI) analysis is conducted at the energy range between −2 V and 2 V, although no interesting states are observed near the Fermi level, the surface-projected electronic band structures strongly depend on the surface termination above 1.6 V. The existence of defects can greatly modify the local density of states to create electronic phase separations on the surface in the order of tens of nm scale. Our observation on the atomic structures of the terminations and the corresponding electronic structures provides critical information towards an understanding of topological properties of BaMnSb
2
.
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