Wireless power transfer devices are becoming more relevant and widespread. Therefore, an article is devoted to a review, analysis and comparison of compensation topologies for an inductive power ...transfer. A new classification of topologies is developed. A lot of attention is paid to the problems of the physical fundamentals of compensation work, standards, safety, and five main topology requirements. It is determined, that topologies with the series primary compensating are the most effective in the IPT for charging devices among the four classical schemes. The series-parallel solution is recommended in case of the low output voltage, minimum size of a secondary side coil is achievable. The series-series solution does not depend on the magnetic coupling coefficient and the load on the resonance frequency. For the convenience of displaying and understanding the information, the comparison results are listed in the tables, graphs and dependencies. The main suitable topologies for a certain application are defined. The given conclusions provide a "one-stop" information source and a selection guide on the application of compensation topologies both in terms of devices and in terms of power level that is the main value of this paper. During literature analysis and recent trends in the market for wireless power transmission devices, the main possible further ways of developing topologies are underlined. First of all, it concerns increasing the frequency of resonance of compensation topologies, the use of multilevel / multi-pulse / multicoils structures, the study of existing high-frequency semiconductors and the development of the semiconductor and magnetic materials.
There is a growing interest in solar energy systems with storage battery assistance. There is a corresponding growing interest in hybrid converters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of ...hybrid converter topologies. The concept of a hybrid inverter is introduced and then classified into isolated and non-isolated structures based on using a galvanic transformer. The classification and description of each type are presented based on the features and applications. Furthermore, the most popular commercial solutions are investigated in terms of their simplicity, flexibility, efficiency, and battery technology. The summarizing features are presented through tables, and future trends for researchers to follow to develop efficient hybrid converters are discussed. This review paper is intended as a convenient reference for hybrid converter users.
Energy routers act as an interface between the distribution network and electrical facilities, which meet the requirements of clean energy substitution and achieve the energy sharing and information ...transmission in the energy network. However, the protection of the dc load side of residential energy routers including interruption and isolation of short-circuit fault currents is vital for discussion. Since the traditional mechanical and hybrid circuit breakers for dc fault protection have the drawback of slow operation, a solid-state circuit breaker (SSCB) is an optimal solution for fast dc fault interruption. In this paper, a dc SSCB is proposed that uses an RCD + MOV snubber circuit, which is considered the best and most complete circuit used in common SSCBs. There are two main contributions in this paper: First, a dc SSCB is designed, which isolates both positive and negative terminals of a circuit and its working principle and operating modes along with the formulas for calculation of crucial time intervals, voltages, and currents along with the design procedure are provided. Second, a soft turn-on auxiliary is designed to prevent a high current surge caused by the capacitance difference between the source and the load. The experimental results demonstrate the proper performance of the topology and the validity of the findings.
This study proposes an example of a wireless charging station design for a small-scale vehicle available on the market. The article analyzes basic transmitter inverter topologies and their ...compensation methods in terms of flexibility of control, tolerance to uncertainty in positioning, and the possibility of decreasing the integration price. Our comprehensive analysis focuses on the battery voltage range, energy capacity, cost, and travel distance. We evaluate the constraints of efficiency, transmitted power, amount of used material, and size of the energy delivery system based on our design example. The aim is to increase the penetration of wireless technology in terms of convenience and integration capabilities.
The article presents an induction generator connected to the power grid using the AC/DC/AC converter and LCL coupling filter. Three-level inverters were used in the converter, both from the generator ...side and the power grid side. The algorithm realizing Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) in inverters has been simplified to the maximum. Control of the induction generator was based on the Direct Field-Oriented Control (DFOC) method. At the same time, voltage control has been used for this solution. The MPPT algorithm has been extended to include the variable pitch range of wind turbine blades. The active voltage balancing circuit has been used in the inverter DC voltage circuit. In the control system of the grid converter with an LCL filter, the number of measurements was limited to the measurement of power grid currents and voltages. Synchronization of control from the power grid side is ensured by the use of a PLL loop with the system of preliminary suppression of undesired harmonics.
Single-stage buck–boost inverters have attracted the attention of many researchers, due to their ability to increase/decrease the output voltage in one power conversion stage. One of the most ...important uses of these inverters is in photovoltaic applications, where the voltage of the solar panels varies in a wide range. In recent years, many new inverters have been proposed to improve the performance of existing structures. In this paper, the state of the art of these single-stage buck–boost inverters is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each structure are examined from different perspectives, such as the number of components, losses, and performance. Finally, in a general comparison, the properties of all structures are discussed and summarized in a table.
This work analyzes interlinking converter control in hybrid AC/DC microgrids. The paper addresses the state-of-the-art general hybrid microgrid structure. The key power electronics topologies are ...used as bidirectional interface converters in the AC and DC parts. Different control structures of hybrid microgrids are categorized, followed by the classification of the main control functions, their control strategies, and the control techniques and a summary of their positive and negative aspects and applications. Control functions, strategies and techniques are classified in the interlinking-converter based. Finally, overall control objectives, time-scaled control structures, and their strategies are outlined. The prospects, main challenges, research gaps, and the trend of the hybrid microgrid structure and control are reviewed and summarized in the conclusions.
This study presents a novel three-level neutral-point-clamped quasi-Z-source inverter in the single-stage buck-boost multilevel inverter family. The topology was derived by combining the properties ...of the quasi-Z-source network with those of a three-level neutral point clamped inverter. It features such advantages as low voltage stress of the switches, single-stage buck-boost power conversion, continuous input current, short-circuit withstandability and low total harmonic distortion of the output voltage and current. The authors present a steady state analysis of the topology along with a special modulation technique to distribute shoot-through states during the whole fundamental period. Component design guidelines for a single-phase case study system are described. All the findings have been confirmed by simulations and experiments. The topology could be recommended for applications requiring continuous input current, high input voltage gain and enhanced quality of the output voltage.
DC microgrids, along with existing AC grids, are a future trend in energy distribution systems. At the same time, many related issues are still undefined and unsolved. In particular, uncertainty ...prevails in isolation requirements between AC grids and novel microgrids as well as in the grounding approaches. This paper presents a critical technical analysis and an overview of possible grounding approaches in DC systems and the feasibility of avoiding isolation between AC and DC grids.
An expected lifetime of converters is of great importance for optimal decision-making in the planning of modern Power Electronic (PE) systems. Hence, the lifetime management of power electronic ...systems has attracted a lot of attention in academia and industry. This paper is a guideline for managing the lifetime of power converters. Analyzing the different kinds of failures, failure modes and their corresponding mechanisms are investigated in the first section along with the failure data needed as input parameters of the assessment. In the second section, lifetime prediction in two aspects of component-level and system level is discussed and all the possible techniques to achieve them are investigated and compared. All the steps required to predict the lifetime in the component-level including electrothermal modeling, cycle counting, lifetime model, damage accumulation, parameter estimation, and lifetime distribution are described and then system level methods consisting of reliability block diagrams, fault-tree analysis, and Markov chains are examined and compared. The last section contains the roadmap of the lifetime extension including the reliable design and condition monitoring.
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