We produce and analyse eclipse time variation (ETV) curves for some 2600 Kepler binaries. We find good to excellent evidence for a third body in 222 systems via either the light-travel-time (LTTE) or ...dynamical effect delays. Approximately half of these systems have been discussed in previous work, while the rest are newly reported here. Via detailed analysis of the ETV curves using high-level analytic approximations, we are able to extract system masses and information about the three-dimensional characteristics of the triple for 62 systems which exhibit both LTTE and dynamical delays; for the remaining 160 systems, we give improved LTTE solutions. New techniques of pre-processing the flux time series are applied to eliminate false positive triples and to enhance the ETV curves. The set of triples with outer orbital periods shorter than ~2000 d is now sufficiently numerous for meaningful statistical analysis. We find that (i) there is a peak near i... ... 40... in the distribution of the triple versus inner binary mutual inclination angles that provides strong confirmation of the operation of Kozai-Lidov cycles with tidal friction; (ii) the median eccentricity of the third-body orbits is e... = 0.35; (iii) there is a deficit of triple systems with binary periods ...1 d and outer periods between ~50 and 200 d which might help guide the refinement of theories of the formation and evolution of close binaries; and (iv) the substantial fraction of Kepler binaries which have third-body companions is consistent with a very large fraction of all binaries being part of triples. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
. Adamsson V, Reumark A, Fredriksson I‐B, Hammarström E, Vessby B, Johansson G, Risérus U (Uppsala University, Uppsala; Lantmännen R&D, Stockholm; Bollnäs Heart Clinic, Mitt Hjärta, Bollnäs; ...Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden). Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: a randomized controlled trial (NORDIET). J Intern Med 2011; 269: 150–159.
Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a healthy Nordic diet (ND) on cardiovascular risk factors.
Design and subjects. In a randomized controlled trial (NORDIET) conducted in Sweden, 88 mildly hypercholesterolaemic subjects were randomly assigned to an ad libitum ND or control diet (subjects’ usual Western diet) for 6 weeks. Participants in the ND group were provided with all meals and foods. Primary outcome measurements were low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and secondary outcomes were blood pressure (BP) and insulin sensitivity (fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance). The ND was rich in high‐fibre plant foods, fruits, berries, vegetables, whole grains, rapeseed oil, nuts, fish and low‐fat milk products, but low in salt, added sugars and saturated fats.
Results. The ND contained 27%, 52%, 19% and 2% of energy from fat, carbohydrate, protein and alcohol, respectively. In total, 86 of 88 subjects randomly assigned to diet completed the study. Compared with controls, there was a decrease in plasma cholesterol (−16%, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (−21%, P < 0.001), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (−5%, P < 0.01), LDL/HDL (−14%, P < 0.01) and apolipoprotein (apo)B/apoA1 (−1%, P < 0.05) in the ND group. The ND reduced insulin (−9%, P = 0.01) and systolic BP by −6.6 ± 13.2 mmHg (−5%, P < 0.05) compared with the control diet. Despite the ad libitum nature of the ND, body weight decreased after 6 weeks in the ND compared with the control group (−4%, P < 0.001). After adjustment for weight change, the significant differences between groups remained for blood lipids, but not for insulin sensitivity or BP. There were no significant differences in diastolic BP or triglyceride or glucose concentrations.
Conclusions. A healthy ND improves blood lipid profile and insulin sensitivity and lowers blood pressure at clinically relevant levels in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
Summary
Background
Prenatal maternal stress may influence offspring's atopic risk through sustained cortisol secretion resulting from activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis (HPA), leading to ...Th2‐biased cell differentiation in the foetus. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis investigating the relationship between prenatal maternal psychosocial stress and risk of asthma and allergy in the offspring.
Methods
We searched 11 electronic databases from 1960 to 2016, searched the grey literature and contacted experts in the field. Type of stress indicator included mood disorders, anxiety, exposure to violence, bereavement and socio‐economic problems occurring during pregnancy, both objectively and subjectively measured. We included all possible asthma and IgE‐mediated allergy outcomes. We conducted random‐effects meta‐analyses to synthesize the data.
Results
We identified 9779 papers of which 30 studies (enrolling >6 million participants) satisfied inclusion criteria. The quality of 25 studies was moderate, 4 were strong, and one was weak. Maternal exposure to any type of stressors was associated with an increased risk of offspring atopic eczema/dermatitis (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.22‐1.47), allergic rhinitis (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.04‐1.62), wheeze (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.16‐1.54) and asthma (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04‐1.27). Exposure to anxiety and depression had strongest effect compared to other stressors. Exposure during the third trimester had the greatest impact compared to first and second trimesters. The increased risk was stronger for early‐onset and persistent than for late‐onset wheeze. Bereavement of a child (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10‐1.48) or a spouse (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03‐1.90) increased the risk of offspring asthma.
Conclusions
Exposure to prenatal maternal psychosocial stress was associated with increased risk, albeit modestly, of asthma and allergy in the offspring. The pronounced risk during the third trimester may represent cumulative stress exposure throughout pregnancy rather than trimester‐specific effect. Our findings may represent a causal effect or a result of inherent biases in studies, particularly residual confounding.
The aim was to investigate whether pathologic complete response (pCR) in the breast is correlated with absence of axillary lymph node metastases at final pathology (ypN0) in patients treated with ...neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) for different breast cancer subtypes.
Pathologic complete response rates have improved on account of more effective systemic treatment regimens. Promising results in feasibility trials with percutaneous image-guided tissue sampling for the identification of breast pCR after NST raise the question whether breast surgery is a redundant procedure. Thereby, the need for axillary surgery should be reconsidered as well.
Patients diagnosed with cT1-3N0-1 breast cancer and treated with NST, followed by surgery between 2010 and 2016, were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Patients were compared according to the pathologic response of the primary tumor with associated pathologic axillary outcome. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine clinicopathological variables correlated with ypN0.
A total of 4084 patients were included for analyses, of whom 986 (24.1%) achieved breast pCR. In clinically node negative patients (cN0), 97.7% (432/442) with breast pCR had ypN0 compared with 71.6% (882/1232) without breast pCR (P < 0.001). In clinically node positive patients (cN1), 45.0% (245/544) with breast pCR had ypN0 compared with 9.4% (176/1866) without breast pCR (P < 0.001). The odds of ypN0 was decreased in case of clinical T3 stage (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.40-0.87), cN1 (OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.02-0.04) and ER+HER2- subtype (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20-0.44), and increased in case of breast pCR (OR 4.53, 95% CI 3.27-6.28).
Breast pCR achieved after NST is strongly correlated with ypN0 in cN0 patients, especially in ER+HER2+, ER-HER2+, and triple negative subtypes. These results provide data to proceed with future clinical trials to investigate if axillary surgery can be safely omitted in these selected patients when image-guided tissue sampling identifies a breast pCR.
Bringing ultracold atomic gases into the quantum Hall regime is challenging. We engineered an effective magnetic field in a two-dimensional lattice with an elongated-strip geometry, consisting of the ...sites of an optical lattice in the long direction and of three internal atomic spin states in the short direction. We imaged the localized states of atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in this strip; via excitation dynamics, we further observed both the skipping orbits of excited atoms traveling down the system's edges, analogous to edge magnetoplasmons in two-dimensional electron systems, and a dynamical Hall effect for bulk excitations. Our technique involves minimal heating, which will be important for spectroscopic measurements of the Hofstadter butterfly and realizations of Laughlin's charge pump.
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