In the past hundred years, especially in the period after the Second World War, popular culture, and thus popular music, has become a vital part of the daily social life activities of individuals. ...Through the method of understanding and interpretation, the paper examines the processes of action and influence of popular music. The subject of the paper is to observe the relationships that are established between the individual as the bearer of the creative process in popular music and the social and cultural environment in which the creation process takes place and, in that sense, to determine the contribution of the scientific community in shedding light on these issues. The goal is to establish which factors and in what way they influence popular music, and what is the scope of individual creativity in the process of communication of this musical form with society. The opinion is that the individual creative personality of the author is a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the creative process in popular music. The influences of society and culture, especially the mass media (radio, television and the Internet), in which it originates, are crucial factors that condition and / or mediate the creation of popular music. Thanks to interdisciplinary endeavours, primarily the synergy of musicology (especially critical musicology) and sociology, the knowledge about popular music has increased significantly in recent decades.
Croatia and Slovenia were the transit countries on the Balkan route for migrants and refugees from Middle East countries in 2015 and 2016. They had to optimize health care delivery in the special ...circumstances in refugee camps and transit centres. Little is known about health care provision in border camps where a large number of migrants stay for only couple of hours. Previous studies emphasize that language barriers and cultural differences play a central part in the relationship between health workers and migrants inside the transit zone. The aim of the study was to identify specific characteristics of health care provision experienced by primary healthcare providers in order to prepare solutions on how to organise health care in refugee settings.
Twelve thematic interviews were conducted in the middle of the most intense migration movements to the North-West Europe between November and December 2015 with health workers from Croatia and Slovenia. Interview transcripts were read, coded, reviewed, and labelled. We used qualitative content analysis.
Four themes about the health service provision for refugees at Schengen border were identified. The circumstance when mutual understanding is poor and the consultation not successful, cultural differences represent a central barrier. Participants highlighted that the importance of respecting human dignity is crucial for the provision of basic medical care for migrants in transit.
Successful overcoming language barriers, respecting cultural differences, humanity, susceptibility to social deprivation and traumatic experiences are the key factors important for organisation of health care in transit centers and camps. This article gives some useful tips for healthcare workers and policy makers who are participating in health services provision for migrants and other refugees. Health workers should be prepared to work in special working conditions with a lack of resources. Their work would require timely planning and reflection on the organization of more transit camps.
Ethical Committee of the Republic of Slovenia approved the study as a project number 112/02/16.
It has been known for over 50 years that zeolite frameworks are flexible, yet, until recently, this characteristic has not been exploited. Framework flexibility can have significant implications on ...the processes that utilize zeolite materials for catalysis, sorption, or, most importantly, separations. The flexibility can result from adsorption and/or temperature changes and leads to either expansion or contraction of the unit cell. These unit cell changes have particularly significant effects on zeolite membranes, enabling defects to be closed off through framework expansion and ultimately leading to membranes with much higher selectivities than as-synthesized membranes. This review provides a general background for zeolite framework flexibility and summarizes the present literature data for adsorbate and thermally-induced flexibility.
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•Zeolite structure flexibility results from complex molecular interactions between the framework and adsorbate.•The mechanics and causes of zeolite framework flexibility are discussed.•A literature review of reported adsorbate and temperature induced zeolite flexibility data is analyzed and tabulated.
Healthy settings involve a holistic and multidisciplinary method that integrates actions towards risk factors. In hospital settings, a high level of stress can lead to depression, anxiety, decreased ...job satisfaction and lower loyalty to the organization. Burnout syndrome can be defined as physical, psychological and emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low sense of personal accomplishment. The aim of this literature review was to make systematic literature analysis to provide scientific evidence for the consequences of constant exposure to high levels of stress and for the methods to be used to prevent burnout syndrome among health care workers. The Medline database was searched to identify relevant studies and articles published during the last 15 years. The key words used in this survey were burnout syndrome, prevention, nurses, and healthy settings. The 6 eligible studies were included in literature review. Evidence showed nurses to be exposed to stress and to have symptoms of burnout syndrome. As a result of burnout syndrome, chronic fatigue and reduced working capacity occur, thus raising the risk of adverse events. In conclusion, the occurrence of burnout syndrome is a major problem for hospitals and healthcare system. Action plan for hospital burnout syndrome prevention would greatly reduce the incidence and improve the quality of health care.
Burnout is usually defined as a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors, characterrized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of social accomplishment. ...Coping mechanisms and job satisfaction are associated with the incidence of burnout symptoms in a work context.
The aim of this paper was to make a systematic analysis of the literature related to nurses' stress and the incidence of burnout syndrome in intensive care nurses, and also to determine the research into associations between coping mechanisms and job satisfaction on one side, and burnout on the other side. Appropriate databases (Scopus, PubMed) were searched with the aim of finding relevant studies and articles published in the last 15 years. The keywords were burnout, coping mechanisms, job satisfaction, nurses, and intensive care. Two independent reviewers carried out a selection of the studies.
The literature review found 786 studies about burnout and its association with different variables. Twenty-nine original research papers were discovered in this review process. Open questions still remain concerning burnout and the associations between the considered variables. We also found that studies using a qualitative approach, which could provide better insight into the investigation of burnout, was insufficient in this area.
Burnout syndrome is serious problem for healthcare systems and affects almost all profiles of healthcare workers. Although burnout is an evidence-based public health problem, there is still no systematic approach to prevention. Prevention activities to reduce stress and the incidence of burnout should be provided for nurses, especially those in very demanding posts.
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•Unsupported and supported Ni(H2PO2)2 reacts to form Ni2P at 468–561K.•Ni(H2PO2)2 precursors can be reduced in situ to give highly-active Ni2P catalysts.•Ni2P/SiO2 and Ni2P/Al2O3 had ...higher turnover frequencies than Ni–Mo/Al2O3.•The surfaces of hypophosphite-derived Ni2P catalysts are highly enriched in P.
An in situ method for the preparation of nickel phosphide (Ni2P) on silica, alumina, and amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) supports is described. The synthesis avoids the use of nickel and phosphorus salts by employing the reaction between nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) and hypophosphorus acid (H3PO2), allowing the impregnation of nickel hypophosphite (Ni(H2PO2)2) onto the oxide supports in the absence of salt by-products. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) in flowing hydrogen at 573–773K yields phase pure Ni2P on the supports with small average particle sizes (3–4nm) as measured using transmission electron microscopy. The conversion of Ni(H2PO2)2 to Ni2P and related reactions were probed using TPR with on-line mass spectral analysis of the gas effluent. Unsupported Ni(H2PO2)2 reacts in flowing hydrogen to produce PH3 and H2O at 468 and 482K, respectively; the reaction is shifted to increasingly higher temperatures for Ni(H2PO2)2 supported on SiO2, Al2O3 and ASA. The hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) properties of the Ni2P catalysts were probed using a mixed feed containing carbazole and benzothiophene. While Ni2P/SiO2 catalysts prepared by the different methods exhibited similar HDN and HDS activities, the in situ prepared Ni2P/Al2O3 and Ni2P/ASA catalysts were substantially more active than their ex situ counterparts prepared from hypophosphite- and phosphate-based precursors.
Chronic pain is a global public health issue with increasing prevalence. Chronic pain causes sleep disorder, reactive anxiety, and depression, impairs the quality of life; it burdens the individual ...and society as a whole. The aim of this study was to examine non-medical factors related to the outcome of the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain.
A cross-sectional study with two groups of patients was conducted using a questionnaire with biological, psychological, and social characteristics of patients. Since this study was cross-sectional, it was not possible to determine whether some factors were the cause or the consequence of unsuccessful treatment outcome, which is at the same time one of the disadvantages of cross-sectional studies.
The poor outcome of the treatment of chronic non-malignant pain in a multivariate binary logistic regression model was statistically significantly associated with the lower quality of life (OR = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91-0.99;
= 0.009), and higher depression level OR = 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02-1.14;
= 0.009). The outcome of the treatment was not directly related to social support measured by the multivariate binary logistic regression model (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95-1.15,
= 0.395), but solitary life (without partner) was (OR = 2.16 (95% CI: 1.03-4.53;
= 0.043).
The typical patient with a poor pain management outcome is retired, presents depressive behavior; their pain disturbs general activity and sleeping. Moreover, they have a physically disturbed quality of life and require self-treatment due to the inaccessibility of doctors and therapies. The principle of treatment of patients with chronic, non-malignant pain should take into account a biopsychosocial approach with individually adjusted procedures.
A 37-year-old man presented with jaundice, upper right quadrant pain, and intermittent fever with chills. Laboratory assessment showed biliary stasis, with total bilirubin of 203 µmol/L (2–20), ...conjugated bilirubin of 105 µmol/L, and alkaline phosphatase of 556 U/L (30–120). Markers for hepatitis A–E viruses were negative. Serology assessment for rubeola, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Toxoplasma gondii showed negative IgM antibodies. HIV serology status was negative. For cytomegalovirus, both types of antibodies (IgM and IgG) were positive, with an IgM level >300 U/mL. pp65 antigen was also detected as well as CMV DNA. Diagnostic imaging of the abdomen except the dilated common bile duct showed a normal appearance of the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, spleen, and both kidneys. To our knowledge, cytomegalovirus cholangiopathy in the absence of any other underlying disease has not been reported. Therefore, the presence of cholangiopathy in our patient is interesting from an imaging, laboratory, and clinical point of view.
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