Optimal operation scheduling of energy storage systems (ESSs) has been considered as an effective way to cope with uncertainties arising in modern grid operation such as the inherent intermittency of ...the renewable energy sources (RESs) and load variations. This paper proposes a scheduling algorithm where ESS power inputs are optimally determined to minimize the microgrid (MG) operation cost. The proposed algorithm consists of two stages. In the first stage, hourly schedules during a day are optimized one day in advance with the objective of minimizing the operating cost. In the second stage, the optimal schedule obtained from the first stage is repeatedly updated every 5 min during the day of operation to compensate for the uncertainties in load demand and RES output power. The ESS model is developed considering operating efficiencies and then incorporated in mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Penalty functions are also considered to acquire feasible optimal solutions even under large forecasting errors in RES generation and load variation. The proposed algorithm is verified in a campus MG, implemented using ESSs and photovoltaic (PV) arrays. The field test results are obtained using open-source software and then compared with those acquired using commercial software.
Abstract
Background
Patients with ankylosing spondylitis often have fusions in the spine and sacroiliac joints, such that it is difficult to compensate for leg length discrepancy (LLD).
Methods
We ...retrospectively measured the LLD after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in 89 patients with ankylosing spondylitis from June 2004 to February 2021 at our institute. Patients were divided into two groups based on an LLD of 5 mm. Clinical outcomes were investigated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and Harris Hip Score (HHS). In addition, these points are investigated: patient satisfaction with the operation; whether there was a current difference in leg length; and whether there was a limping gait.
Results
The group with an LLD of 5–10 mm rather than < 5 mm had significantly worse WOMAC pain and stiffness. The survey revealed statistically significant differences in patient satisfaction with the operation, limping gait, and whether back pain had improved.
Conclusion
For patients with ankylosing spondylitis, reducing the LLD to < 5 mm, which is more accurate than the current standard of < 10 mm, may produce greater improvement in clinical outcomes after hip arthroplasty.
An amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT), which exhibits the best electrical stability (PBTS ≤ 0.009 V), is implemented to create quantum‐dot organic light‐emitting ...diode product. Electrical stability has been explained through various mechanisms involving defects related to oxygen and hydrogen. The defects of a‐IGZO are identified and the parameters of the deposition process are utilized to obtain Vo+ and VZn− values of 1.7 × 1017 and 2.4 × 1018 spins cm−3, respectively, which are quantified using electron spin resonance for the first time. The defects of the gate insulator (GI) in the upper and lower parts of the a‐IGZO TFT and the oxygen and hydrogen inflow/diffusion generated during the process are also controlled. From well‐controlled a‐IGZO and GI, the defect density at the top‐channel interface and near‐interface of the a‐IGZO TFT is reduced by 85% and 70%, respectively. The defects in the bottom‐channel are also reduced by 83% and 75% for the interface and near‐interface, respectively. Electrical stability is secured by controlling Vo+ and VZn− and reducing sub‐gap trap density among interface defects that are not directly observed until now. In this paper, it is reported that the best a‐IGZO TFT performance is achieved through defect engineering.
In this work, the defect of a‐IGZO thin‐film transistor (TFT) is quantified using electron spin resonance. In addition, using XPS and DSIMS, the effects of various defects such as Vo+, VZn−, and OAdsorp are observed. 3D trap density profiles are estimated using low‐frequency noise analysis. In dual‐gate a‐IGZO TFTs, it shows consistent results with DC characteristics and electrical stability of TFT.
Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor (a‐IGZO TFT)
The defect of a‐IGZO TFT is quantified using electron spin resonance in article number 2101273 by Young‐Gil Park, Jae Woo Lee, ...and co‐workers. In addition, using XPS and DSIMS, the effects of various defects such as Vo+, VZn–, and OAdsorp are observed. 3D trap density profiles are estimated using low‐frequency noise analysis. In dual‐gate a‐IGZO TFTs, it shows consistent results with DC characteristics and electrical stability of TFT.
흡연 유무의 남성을 대상으로 뇌 회백질의 손상 유무를 파악 할 수 있는 확산텐서영상을 검사하여 영상을 획득 한 후 Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS)방법으로 뇌 회백질 부위의 기저핵 신경섬유로의 비등방도 FA(fractional anisotropy)값을 측정 분석한 결과 모든 영역에서 흡연자가 비흡연자보다 비등방성 측정값이 낮게 ...관찰되었으며 FA값은 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구의 측정한 FA결과 값으로 추측하자면 즉, 흡연이 뇌 회백질 기저핵의 모든 해부학적 미세 구조성 변화에 크게 영향을 미치며 신경 섬유로를 손상시키고 이와 관련된 기능적 이상에 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다.
The fractional anisotropy value of the basal ganglia fibers in the brain gray matter region was analyzed by Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS) method after acquiring the diffusion tensor image to identify the presence or absence of brain white matter damage to smoking in male. As a result of measurement analysis, the fractional anisotropy measurement value was lower in smokers than non-smokers in all areas, and the FA value was statistically significant. smoking significantly affects all the anatomic micro structural changes in the brain gray matter and damages the nerve fiber tract. As a result, it can affects functional abnormalities related to the minute changes of the brain due to smoking.
흡연 유무의 남성을 대상으로 뇌 회백질의 손상 유무를 파악 할 수 있는 확산텐서영상을 검사하여 영상을 획득 한 후 Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS)방법으로 뇌 회백질 부위의 기저핵 신경섬유로의 비등방도 FA(fractional anisotropy)값을 측정 분석한 결과 모든 영역에서 흡연자가 비흡연자보다 비등방성 측정값이 낮게 ...관찰되었으며 FA값은 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구의 측정한 FA결과 값으로 추측하자면 즉, 흡연이 뇌 회백질 기저핵의 모든 해부학적 미세 구조성 변화에 크게 영향을 미치며 신경 섬유로를 손상시키고 이와 관련된 기능적 이상에 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다.
The fractional anisotropy value of the basal ganglia fibers in the brain gray matter region was analyzed by Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS) method after acquiring the diffusion tensor image to identify the presence or absence of brain white matter damage to smoking in male. As a result of measurement analysis, the fractional anisotropy measurement value was lower in smokers than non–smokers in all areas, and the FA value was statistically significant. smoking significantly affects all the anatomic micro structural changes in the brain gray matter and damages the nerve fiber tract. As a result, it can affects functional abnormalities related to the minute changes of the brain due to smoking.
In this paper, we review various LTPS backplane technologies based on laser‐crystallization and other related methods that have been applied to AMLCD and AMOLED displays. The TFT performances ...obtained by different melt‐mediated crystallization methods with excimer laser and solid phase crystallization will be compared. The technical issues of the image quality and the resolution will be discussed.
Neoplasioporus zocconis (Yamaguti, 1934) (Trematoda: Opecoelidae) was found from the intestine of the pale chub, Zacco platypus, for the first time in Korea. The worms were characterized ...morphologically by oval body shape, bipartited seminal vesicle, sinistrally located genital pore, and lobed ovary, and distinguished from the two other species of Neoplagioporous by body shape and distribution of vitelline follicles. The morphological characteristics, except the ovary, well corresponded to those of the previous descriptions. The morphological difference of the ovary was considered as a character of geographical phenotypic variation. 피라미 (Zacco platypus)의 장으로부터 흡충류에 속하는 Neoplagioporus zacconis (Yamaguti, 1934) 1종을 한국에서는 처음으로 발견하여 기재하였다. 본 연구에서 발견된 충체는 난소의 형태를 제외한 다른 형태학적 특징들은 기존에 기재되어 있는 특징들과 잘 일치하였다. 난소 형태의 차이는 지리학적 표현형의 변이로 여겨졌다. Neoplagioporus속에 대한 속명을 신편평흡충속으로 제안한다.
Due to the spatial complexity and fabrication characteristics of offshore platforms, it is inevitable to encounter overlaps or proximity of weld lines in tubular joints. Several international ...standards such as American Petroleum Institute (API), American Welding Society (AWS), and American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) regulate the minimum distance between primary weld beads; however, any logical and detailed background of this limitation has not been presented. For a non-compliant weld joint where the regulation is not met, fracture toughness calculation is a typical index to verify the structural integrity.
This research consists of two parts. First, weld residual stress distributions are calculated by a 3D thermo-mechanical nonlinear Finite Element Analysis. Two crossing welds, a T-weld crossing on a butt weld, are simulated in one model. A separate tee and a butt welding simulations are also performed for a comparative purpose. Second, SIFs and J-integral values are calculated at the surface and deepest crack tip locations for four different types of semi-elliptical surface cracks. Four cracks are embedded into the weld model and the residual stress distribution from the 3D thermo-mechanical FEA are mapped to a 3D FE crack model as initial conditions. An additional axial tensile load is also imposed. SIF values are compared with those using the weighting function method for the butt weld model subject to three load cases, i.e., tensile stress only, weld residual stress only, and both of them. From the simulation, a tubular joint containing a chord girth weld intersected with weld beads of brace is found to show lower the SIF values than that having only a girth weld on chord.
•Weld residual stress distributions are calculated by a 3D thermo-mechanical nonlinear Finite Element Analysis for a butt weld joint and a T-weld crossing on a butt weld joint.•Stress Intensity Factors (SIF) and J-integral values are calculated at the surface and deepest crack tip locations for four types of different semi-elliptical surface cracks.•Four cracks are embedded into the weld model and the residual stress distribution from the 3D thormo-mechanical FEA are mapped to a 3D FE crack model as initial conditions together with an additional axial tensile load.•SIF values are compared with those using the weighting function method for the butt weld model subject to three load cases, i.e., tensile stress only, weld residual stress only, and both of them.
Abstract
Background
Positive results from real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in recovered patients raise concern that patients who recover from coronavirus disease ...2019 (COVID-19) may be at risk of reinfection. Currently, however, evidence that supports reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been reported.
Methods
We conducted whole-genome sequencing of the viral RNA from clinical specimens at the initial infection and at the positive retest from 6 patients who recovered from COVID-19 and retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via rRT-PCR after recovery. A total of 13 viral RNAs from the patients’ respiratory specimens were consecutively obtained, which enabled us to characterize the difference in viral genomes between initial infection and positive retest.
Results
At the time of the positive retest, we were able to acquire a complete genome sequence from patient 1, a 21-year-old previously healthy woman. In this patient, through the phylogenetic analysis, we confirmed that the viral RNA of positive retest was clustered into a subgroup distinct from that of the initial infection, suggesting that there was a reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 with a subtype that was different from that of the primary strain. The spike protein D614G substitution that defines the clade “G” emerged in reinfection, while mutations that characterize the clade “V” (ie, nsp6 L37F and ORF3a G251V) were present at initial infection.
Conclusions
Reinfection with a genetically distinct SARS-CoV-2 strain may occur in an immunocompetent patient shortly after recovery from mild COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection may not confer immunity against a different SARS-CoV-2 strain.
We conducted serial whole-genome sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our results highlight possible SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with a genetically distinct SARS-CoV-2 strain in patients shortly after recovery from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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