Our society is amidst a technological revolution towards a sustainable economy, focused on the development of biobased products in virtually all sectors. In this context, plant polysaccharides, as ...the most abundant macromolecules present in biomass represent a fundamental renewable resource for the replacement of fossil-based polymeric materials in commodity and engineering applications. However, native polysaccharides have several disadvantages compared to their synthetic counterparts, including reduced thermal stability, moisture absorption and limited mechanical performance, which hinder their direct application in native form in advanced material systems. Thus, polysaccharides are generally used in a derivatized form and/or in combination with other biobased polymers, requiring the compatibilization of such blends and composites. In this review we critically explore the current status and the future outlook of reactive compatibilization strategies of the most common plant polysaccharides in blends with biobased polymers. The chemical processes for the modification and compatibilization of starch and lignocellulosic based materials are discussed, together with the practical implementation of these reactive compatibilization strategies with special emphasis on reactive extrusion. The efficiency of these strategies is critically discussed in the context on the definition of blending and compatibilization from a polymer physics standpoint; this relies on the detailed evaluation of the chemical structure of the constituent plant polysaccharides and biobased polymers, the morphology of the heterogeneous polymeric blends, and their macroscopic behavior, in terms of rheological and mechanical properties.
Brown algae (
) have been consumed by humans for hundreds of years. Current studies have shown that brown algae are rich sources of bioactive compounds with excellent nutritional value, and are ...considered functional foods with health benefits. Polysaccharides are the main constituents of brown algae; their diverse structures allow many unique physical and chemical properties that help to moderate a wide range of biological activities, including immunomodulation, antibacterial, antioxidant, prebiotic, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities. In this review, we focus on the major polysaccharide components in brown algae: the alginate, laminarin, and fucoidan. We explore how their structure leads to their health benefits, and their application prospects in functional foods and pharmaceuticals. Finally, we summarize the latest developments in applied research on brown algae polysaccharides.
The present article offers a structured account of Hungarian artistic careers in the context of Surrealism - and a possible narrative of the history of Hungarian Surrealism. While occasionally, ...individual Hungarian authors affiliated with extraterritorial surrealist groups, were included into international overviews of surrealism, the story of Hungarian surrealism as an institutional venture and as a network of artistic activities is yet to be written. The article identifies three important benchmarks that shaped the history of Hungarian Surrealism throughout the 20th century.
Abstract Within the paradigm of socialist realism, one of the means of introducing new models of producing literature in Romania and other neighbouring countries was the Soviet idea and practice of ...literary training. In the Romanian context, the Mihai Eminescu School of Literature and Literary Criticism from Bucharest was intended to produce the new, young generation of writers that would articulate the new system of values. Reports about the School show that the social origin of the students was carefully monitorized, and ethnic diversity also played a role in the process of the sovietization of the whole Romanian literary field. The personal level of experiencing the cultural and political practice of the School shows the possibilities and also the limitations of the project. The paper examines the history of the School through official party documents and also personal accounts, in order to analyze the particular strategies and also the difficulties of adapting certain Soviet institutional models within the Romanian context.
Cultural regionalism in Hungarian context Benő, Attila; Balázs, Imre József; Szabó, Árpád Töhötöm
Hungarian Studies Yearbook,
12/2021, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Abstract As an introduction to the thematic issue of Hungarian Studies Yearbook , dedicated to Regionalism in culture – cultural regionalism , the article offers an overview of current research ...interests in the field. Within the domain of Hungarian studies, regional approaches and the idea of cultural areas as an important frame for cultural analysis and comparison was present in research work from the 19 th century. After a general introduction, the article presents the current methodological approaches to regionalism studies and the main topics debated in the fields of literary studies, linguistics, and cultural anthropology.
Árpád Mezei (1902–1998) was a Hungarian art theoretician and psychologist. In the 1940s he was co-founder of the Európai Iskola (European School), the most important assembly of progressive Hungarian ...artists and art theoreticians of the period. His readings in art theory and his friendship with the Surrealist painter and writer Marcel Jean (who lived in Budapest in the period between 1938 and 1945) had a strong impact on his intellectual profile: he co-authored with Marcel Jean three volumes that became important for the understanding of the international Surrealist movement. The paper analyses Mezei’s concepts and tries to reconstruct his interpretative framework where several aspects of culture including mythology, history, literature, art and history of architecture communicate with each other, and hybridity is one of the key concepts. Being used to describe contemporary shifts in culture and identity by authors like Peter Burke, hybridity is of great interest to contemporary culture. The paper points out possible links between late Surrealist theories of hybridity and contemporary culture.
The internal plasticization of cellulose acetate (CA) was achieved by grafting with ε-caprolactone (CL) via reactive processing. The effect of varying concentrations of tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) ...Sn(Oct)
2
and iron(III) acetylacetonate Fe(Acac)
3
catalysts on the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of CL were compared with each other. The analysis of processing parameters, weight loss measurements, FTIR, and
1
H NMR spectrometry all showed improving grafting efficiency with increasing concentrations of both catalysts. Processing conditions also significantly affect the characteristics of the final product. The resulting structure, i.e., relatively long (2200 g/mol) PCL chains grafted to a small number (1–3%) of CA hydroxyls, promotes thermoplasticity, thus enabling processing in the melt state, while also preserving the biodegradable character of cellulose acetate. The performances of the two catalysts were found to be very similar, which suggests that conventional Sn(Oct)
2
could be substituted with the less toxic Fe(Acac)
3
for the graft ROP of caprolactone.
Graphic abstract
The paper analyses the spatial representations and the self-representations of the surrealist author Marcel Jean in his late autobiography entitled Au galop dans le vent, where he reflects upon his ...life and upon the seven years that he spent in Budapest with his wife between 1939 and 1945, and also in his book Mnésiques, published in 1942 in Budapest. In this latter book the presence of the surrealist mythology of transformation can be interpreted as a representation of the dislocated self, Au galop dans le vent showing the historical and biographical contexts of these experiences.
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