ABSTRACT We report the detection of a cold Neptune mplanet = 21 2 M⊕ orbiting a 0.38 M M dwarf lying 2.5-3.3 kpc toward the Galactic center as part of a campaign combining ground-based and Spitzer ...observations to measure the Galactic distribution of planets. This is the first time that the complex real-time protocols described by Yee et al., which aim to maximize planet sensitivity while maintaining sample integrity, have been carried out in practice. Multiple survey and follow up teams successfully combined their efforts within the framework of these protocols to detect this planet. This is the second planet in the Spitzer Galactic distribution sample. Both are in the near to mid-disk and are clearly not in the Galactic bulge.
The antipruritic effects of the diets containing German chamomile on the compound 48/80-induced scratching in ddY mice were examined. Since it is reported that an injection of compound 48/80, but not ...histamine, induced scratching behaviour due to itch but not to pain in ddY mice (Kuraishi et al., 1995), compound 48/80-induced scratching in ddY mice seems to be a suitable parameter for evaluating antipruritic agents independent of histamine receptor antagonism.
In the mice fed the diet containing 1.2 w/w % of the ethyl acetate extract of dried flower of German chamomile (
Matricaria recutita L.) for 11 days, the compound 48/80-induced scratching behaviour was significantly suppressed. The ethyl acetate extract of German chamomile dose dependently suppressed compound 48/80-induced scratching without affecting body weight increase. The ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract and the ethanol extract of hot water extraction residue of German chamomile flower also showed strong inhibition on the compound 48/80-induced scratching. The inhibitory effects of the dietary intake of the German chamomile extracts on compound 48/80-induced itch-scratch response were comparable to oxatomide (10 mg/kg, p.o.), an anti-allergic agent.
We present a statistical analysis of the first four seasons from a second-generation microlensing survey for extrasolar planets, consisting of near-continuous time coverage of 8 deg to the 2nd power ...of the Galactic bulge by the Optical Gravitational Lens Experiment (OGLE), Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA), and Wise microlensing surveys. During this period, 224 microlensing events were observed by all three groups. Over 12% of the events showed a deviation from single-lens microlensing, and for approx. 1/3 of those the anomaly is likely caused by a planetary companion. For each of the 224 events, we have performed numerical ray-tracing simulations to calculate the detection efficiency of possible companions as a function of companion-to-host mass ratio and separation. Accounting for the detection efficiency, we find that 55 +34 -22%of microlensed stars host a snowline planet. Moreover, we find that Neptune-mass planets are approx.10 times more common than Jupiter-mass planets. The companion-to-host mass-ratio distribution shows a deficit at q approx. 10 (exp -2), separating the distribution into two companion populations, analogous to the stellar-companion and planet populations, seen in radial-velocity surveys around solar-like stars. Our survey, however, which probes mainly lower mass stars, suggests a minimum in the distribution in the super-Jupiter mass range, and a relatively high occurrence of brown-dwarf companions.
An indocyanine green derivative (ICG-sulfo-OSu) that can be used as an infrared fluorescent labeling substance suitable for detecting microlesions with an infrared fluorescence endoscope has been ...developed. The aims of the present study were to develop an infrared fluorescence endoscope and to demonstrate its usefulness in detecting cancerous tissue using an antibody coupled with ICG-sulfo-OSu.
ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled mouse anti-human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody and an infrared fluorescence endoscope were used in this study. Biopsy specimens of gastric cancer were stained with anti-CEA antibody using the avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex method. The positive specimens used for the infrared imaging analysis were freshly resected stomachs from three patients.
Treatment of freshly resected stomach specimens with ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled-anti-CEA antibody complex resulted in positive staining of the tumor sites on infrared fluorescence endoscopy, and the infrared fluorescent images correlated well with the tumor sites.
An anti-CEA antibody with affinity for cancerous lesions and labeled with ICG-sulfo-OSu can therefore be imaged using this infrared fluorescence endoscope. Specific antibodies tagged with ICG-sulfo-OSu can label cancer cells and can generate a strong enough fluorescent signal to detect small cancers when examined with an infrared fluorescence endoscope.
ABSTRACT Spitzer microlensing parallax observations of OGLE-2015-BLG-1212 decisively break a degeneracy between planetary and binary solutions that is somewhat ambiguous when only ground-based data ...are considered. Only eight viable models survive out of an initial set of 32 local minima in the parameter space. These models clearly indicate that the lens is a stellar binary system possibly located within the bulge of our Galaxy, ruling out the planetary alternative. We argue that several types of discrete degeneracies can be broken via such space-based parallax observations.
Background and aims. An indocyanine green derivative (ICG-sulfo–OSu) and agents for reinforcement of infrared fluorescence, which can be used as an infrared fluorescent labeling substance suitable ...for detection of microlesions by an IR fluorescence endoscope, have been developed. The study aims were to confirm the ability of a reinforcement agent, as well as imaging processing, to intensify fluorescence from the labeled antibody on immunohistochemical staining.
Subjects and methods. ICG-sulfo–OSu-labeled MUC1 antibody and an IR fluorescence imaging system were employed in the present study. Paraffin sections of gastric cancer were stained with anti-MUC1 antibody by the avidin–biotinylated peroxidase complex method. Among the positive specimens, three cases were used for IR imaging analysis. Octylglucoside was used as a reinforcement agent.
Results. The incubation of paraffin sections with ICG-sulfo–OSu-labeled MUC1 antibody resulted in positive staining of the tumor sites by an IR fluorescence imaging system, and the intensity of fluorescence was increased depending on the concentration of octylglucoside and grade of imaging processing.
Conclusion. A reinforcement agent, and image processing, intensify a labeled antibody excitable by infrared fluorescence in tumor sections and can generate a strong enough fluorescent signal to detect small cancers when examined with an infrared fluorescence endoscope.
We developed a fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG)-sulfo-OSu, which was excited by infrared rays and conjugated to various antibodies. We attempted to clarify the staining patterns of ...antisulfomucin and anti-MUC1 antibodies in gastrointestinal cancer. We then evaluated the potential of the dye as a fluorescent label for antibodies specific to cancer, to be used as a diagnostic method for microcancer, with infrared fluorescence endoscopy.
Paraffin sections of samples collected from 10 patients with esophageal cancer, 30 patients with gastric cancer, and 20 patients with colorectal cancer were immunohistologically stained using an anti-sulfomucin antibody and an anti-MUC1 antibody, and the staining patterns were examined. If a section had a high staining intensity, it was reacted with the ICG-suflo-OSu-labeled antibody and evaluated with infrared fluorescence imaging.
The staining patterns with the antibodies varied depending on the organs and the histological types and depth of the cancers, but the staining was generally good and the staining on the mucosal surface of cancer tissues was retained. Good images of cancer cells could be obtained by infrared fluorescence observation using the ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled anti-MUC1 antibody.
The anti-MUC1 antibody stained gastrointestinal cancer cells well, and nearly specific infrared fluorescence in cancer tissues was observed using the labeled anti-MUC1 antibody. The ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled anti-MUC1 antibody has possible usefulness for the screening of cancer via infrared fluorescence endoscopy.
Purpose: We have developed infrared fluorescent labeling agents and infrared-ray fluorescence endoscopes to establish a novel diagnostic technique. Since the fluorescence intensity of the initial ...labeled antibody (ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled antibody) was not sufficient for practical use, we synthesized indocyanine green acylthiazolidinethione (ICG-ATT), which was expected to label various target molecules having amino groups efficiently. Materials and Methods: To confirm imaging of infrared fluorescence intensity of ICG-ATT- and ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled anti-MUC1 antibodies, cotton thread was soaked in various concentrations of the antibody solution in 0.1
M PBS, and observed under the epi-illumination infrared fluorescence microscope. Localization and the intensity of infrared fluorescence and DAB coloring was compared in paraffin sections of human gastric mucosa. Results: In the study of cotton threads, both labeled antibodies showed relatively clear infrared fluorescence, and significant difference was not observed between the two antibodies. ICG-ATT-labeled anti-MUC1 antibody produced stronger staining than that by ICG-sulfo-OSu-labeled antibody. Localization pattern of infrared fluorescent staining was in good agreement with that by the conventional method with oxidized DAB staining. Conclusion: ICG-ATT is useful as a fluorescent-labeling agent for diagnosis of microcancers by infrared fluorescence endoscopes.
We synthesized indocyanine green acylthiazolidinethione (ICG-ATT), which was expected to label various target molecules having amino groups efficiently. ICG-ATT labeled antibody seems to be useful as a fluorescent-labeling agent for diagnosis of microcancers by infrared fluorescence.
Fluorescence intensity of indocyanine green (ICG) derivative (ICG-sulfo-OSu) was too low for its use to detect microlesions. Therefore, we examined the effects of reinforcement agents on ...ICG-sulfo-OSu labeled antibodies. Solutions of distearoylphosphatic acid sodium salt (DSPA) and octylglucoside (OG) in physiological phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were found to increase the intensity of fluorescence of ICG-sulfo-OSu labeled antibodies, with shift in the fluorescence peak wavelength from 804 to 821
nm.
We present a statistical analysis of the first four seasons from a "second-generation" microlensing survey for extrasolar planets, consisting of near-continuous time coverage of 8 deg\(^2\) of the ...Galactic bulge by the OGLE, MOA, and Wise microlensing surveys. During this period, 224 microlensing events were observed by all three groups. Over 12% of the events showed a deviation from single-lens microlensing, and for \(\sim\)1/3 of those the anomaly is likely caused by a planetary companion. For each of the 224 events we have performed numerical ray-tracing simulations to calculate the detection efficiency of possible companions as a function of companion-to-host mass ratio and separation. Accounting for the detection efficiency, we find that \(55^{+34}_{-22}\%\) of microlensed stars host a snowline planet. Moreover, we find that Neptunes-mass planets are \(\sim10\) times more common than Jupiter-mass planets. The companion-to-host mass ratio distribution shows a deficit at \(q\sim10^{-2}\), separating the distribution into two companion populations, analogous to the stellar-companion and planet populations, seen in radial-velocity surveys around solar-like stars. Our survey, however, which probes mainly lower-mass stars, suggests a minimum in the distribution in the super-Jupiter mass range, and a relatively high occurrence of brown-dwarf companions.
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