This paper reported on the development of a Mura‐free and high precise printing to realize high resolution QLED and OLED display panels with a G8.5 glass substrate. To realize Mura‐ free printing we ...developed the single‐path print line head and the new pixel volume adjustment system with a pixel volume variation of ±0.8%. And also, to realize high precise printing we developed the G8.5 table system that compensated for the drop position by changing the ejecting time of each nozzle. And verified a drop position accuracy of ±2.1μm. By combining these technologies, we achieved Mura‐free 220ppi printing on the G8.5 table.
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are frequently used for biomedical research but gastrointestinal diseases have been major health problems to maintain captive marmosets. We have diagnosed a ...novel gastrointestinal disease in marmosets, as which we propose to call 'marmoset duodenal dilation syndrome'; this disease is characterised by proximal duodenal obstruction and dilation. This study aimed to reveal the clinical and pathological findings of this syndrome and establish appropriate diagnostic imaging methods. Animals with the syndrome comprised 21.9% of the necropsy cases at the Central Institute for Experimental Animals in Kawasaki, Japan. The syndrome is characterised by clinical signs included vomiting, bloating, and weight loss. Grossly, all diseased animals exhibited significant dilation of the descending part of the duodenum, which contained a mixture of gas and fluid. The duodenal dilations were definitively diagnosed by contrast radiography. Moreover, a combination of plain radiography and ultrasonography was found to be a viable screening method for diagnosing duodenal dilation. The animals with duodenal dilation characteristically showed adhesions between the descending duodenum and ascending colon with chronic peritonitis. The cause of marmoset duodenal dilation syndrome remains unknown, but was likely multifactorial, including peritoneal adhesion, chronic ulcer, and feeding conditions in this study.
The LCOS spatial light modulator (LCOS-SLM) can generate desired multiple spot patterns (MSPs) via the application of suitable computer-generated-holograms (CGHs), but the MSP intensity distribution ...varies because ambient temperature affects the phase modulation characteristic and causes wavefront distortion. To generate high-optical-quality MSPs we use our hardware-compensated (with a Peltier system to even out phase modulation) and software-corrected (via multiplication of the CGH by temperature correction coefficients) LCOS-SLMs. Experimental results with a 14 × 14 MSP generation show that the hardware-compensated LCOS-SLM provides stable MSPs between 9 to 32 °C. The software-corrected LCOS-SLM provides uniform spots over twice the temperature range obtained with conventional SLM method. We confirm that our methods are highly efficient for use in two-photon excitation microscopy application such as multifocal mulitphoton microscopy.
The fast and widely tunable wavelength bank is a key enabler in creating wavelength-routing optical switches that do not use fast wavelength tunable lasers. A cost-effective design criterion needs to ...be developed before it can be applied to intra data center networks. In this paper, we develop a systematic method for designing a wavelength bank that yields high port-count and fast wavelength-routing optical switches for intra data center application. The wavelength bank is created with fixed-wavelength laser sources and wavelength-tunable filters with rapid wavelength selectivity. To optimize the optical switching system that uses the wavelength bank for supplying local oscillator (LO) lights for coherent detection, various parameters are analyzed, including effective bandwidth, laser output power, loss distribution, splitter port count, and optical amplifier gain. We carry out numerical simulations for optimizing the tradeoff between system performance and cost. To verify the designed wavelength bank, a silicon ring filter is newly fabricated with an average fiber-to-fiber insertion loss of 5.3 dB over a 22-nm bandwidth. Using 256-Gb/s DP-QPSK signals, experiments demonstrate a 1,024 × 1,024 optical switch that uses a fabricated silicon ring filter. The effectiveness of the scalable and fast-tunable LO bank is verified by achieving 262.1-Tb/s switch throughput with switching time under 18 µs.
Determining topological charge (TC) of optical vortex (OV) beams is important for many applications, such as optical measurement and information transmission through long-distance propagation. In ...this application, the OV beams usually have an annular intensity profile at the receiving end and are inevitably distorted by aberrations during propagation. In this paper, we propose a simple, direct, and aberration-resistible method to determine the TC value of this annular-shaped OV beam with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS). Our approach involves finding a closed-path along the annular intensity distribution ridge, and then determining the TC value by a discrete circulation calculation with only the phase-slope vectors along the closed-path. Verification experiments were performed using a phase-only spatial light modulator to generate OV beams and aberrations, while SH-WFS to measure the intensity profile and phase-slopes. The results show that our method can determine the TC value of up to ± 20. The robustness against wavefront aberration and simulated atmospheric turbulence was evaluated. We also verified the proposed closed-path's superiority to other circular closed-paths for TC determination.
Several combination therapies have been tried for treating of type 2 diabetes to control more effectively fasting hyperglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. In this study, we have examined the ...effects of combining a novel, selective, and competitive dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, 3-but-2-ynyl-5-methyl-2-piperazin-1-yl-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazo4,5-dpyridazin-4-one tosylate (E3024), with a representative of one of two types of insulin secretagogues, i.e., either glybenclamide (a sulfonylurea) or nateglinide (a rapid-onset/short-duration insulin secretagogue), on glucose and insulin levels in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) using mice fed a high-fat diet. In addition, we have investigated the effects of these combinations on blood glucose levels in fasting rats. Two-way analysis of variance showed that the combination of E3024 and glybenclamide improved glucose tolerance additively and also caused a synergistic increase in insulin levels in the OGTT in mice fed a high-fat diet. In a similar way, the combination of E3024 and nateglinide ameliorated glucose tolerance additively and raised insulin levels additively. In fasting rats, coadministration of E3024 with glybenclamide or nateglinide treatment did not affect the glucose-lowering effects of the insulin secretagogues. Therefore, a DPP-IV inhibitor in combination with glybenclamide or nateglinide may be a promising option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and particularly, for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia in the clinic.
Background
Very‐low‐birthweight (VLBW) infants can experience severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) that can lead to life‐long disability by impairing neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was ...to identify the risk and protective factors for severe IVH in VLBW infants.
Methods
A retrospective, cross‐sectional review of VLBW infants born at 22–28 weeks’ gestation between January 2003 and December 2012 and listed in the Database of Neonatal Research Network in Japan was performed using a statistical model incorporating an odds ratio (OR) and medical center variation as a center variance ratio (CVR). A two‐dimensional analysis using a combination of OR and the CVR described evolving measures of a clinical trial (for OR > 1) and standardization (for CVR > 1) concerning a factor of interest.
Results
The noteworthy significant protective factors were antenatal steroids (ANS) with and without premature rupture of membrane (OR: 0.43, CVR: 1.08, and OR: 0.68, CVR: 1.14, respectively) and the number of neonatal beds (OR: 0.94, CVR: 0.99) and staff nurses per neonatal bed (OR: 0.89, CVR: 0.99).
Conclusions
Active promotion of ANS administration and consolidation of perinatal medical centers can mitigate the development of severe IVH in VLBW infants.
Ascorbic acid (AA) is found in high concentrations in the lens and protects the lens from photochemical events such as photo-oxidation. Diabetes reduces the concentration of AA in the lens, and it ...has been suggested that AA supplementation may rescue lens AA in diabetic patients. In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation with AA were studied to assess changes in AA concentration and AA transporter expression in the lenses of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. AA was lower in the aqueous humors and lenses of diabetic rats than in control rats, and low AA levels could be normalized with dietary AA supplementation. The sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transporter2, SVCT2, is transporter of AA, and glucose transporter 1 and 3 (GLUT1 and GLUT3) are transporters of dehydroascobic acid. Transcription of GLUT1 and GLUT3 was not changed as a result of diabetes or AA treatment, and the SVCT2 was increased in diabetic rats and normalized by AA supplementation in diabetic rats. Aquaporin 0 (AQP0) expression was increased in diabetic rats and by AA treatment. The rate of AA transport of vesicle originally from diabetic lens and that with AA treatment were greater than that from control rats with or without AA treatment. These results suggest that ascorbates are transported by AQP0 as well as by SVCT2, GLUT1 and GLUT3, and that supplementation with AA may help prevent diabetic cataracts.
Some patients with severe asthma also have fungal sensitization and are considered to have severe asthma with fungal sensitization. However, there is limited information on the clinical features of ...SAFS.
To investigate the clinical characteristics of severe asthma with fungal sensitization.
The present study enrolled 124 patients with severe asthma. We evaluated clinical aspects, such as various serum cytokines, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, pulmonary function, and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). Fungal sensitization was assessed by determining serum levels of IgE specific to fungal allergens (Aspergillus, Alternaria, Candida, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Trichophyton species and Schizophyllum commune). The protocol was registered at a clinical trial registry (www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm; UMIN 000002980).
Thirty-six patients (29%) showed sensitization to at least 1 fungal allergen. The most common species were Candida (16%), Aspergillus (11%), and Trichophyton (11%). The rate of early-onset asthma (<16 years of age) was higher in patients with fungal sensitization than in those without fungal sensitization (45% vs 25%; P = .02). Interleukin-33 levels were higher in patients with fungal sensitization than in those without fungal sensitization. Of patients with atopic asthma, Asthma Control Test scores were worse in patients with multiple fungal sensitizations than in patients with a single fungal sensitization or those without fungal sensitization.
Severe asthma with fungal sensitization is characterized by early onset of disease and high serum levels of interleukin-33. Multiple fungal sensitizations are associated with poor asthma control.
UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index-j.htm): UMIN 000002980.
ObjectiveTransfer RNA (tRNA) is involved in the acute stress response, which results in conformational changes and subsequent fragmentation. Using an antibody against tRNA-specific modified ...nucleoside 1-methyladenosine, we can selectively detect blood tRNA derivatives from damaged tissues, including neuronal tissue, which serves as a potential marker of early tissue damage. This preliminary study aimed to investigate the correlation between tRNA derivatives and clinical outcomes in patients with acute anterior large vessel occlusion, especially those who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsPatients with acute ischemic stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion were prospectively enrolled in this study. Plasma tRNA derivatives were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an anti-modified nucleoside 1-methyladenosine antibody.ResultsSeventeen patients were included. The plasma tRNA derivatives concentrations on admission increased significantly, corresponding to the infarction size (r = 0.492, p = 0.038), and were associated with clinical outcomes (p = 0.00309). A good clinical outcome (90-day modified Rankin scale score: 0–2) was achieved in seven patients (41.2%), and all had undergone EVT. Among these patients, tRNA derivatives concentrations were the only preoperative predictor, which was associated with good outcomes (modified Rankin scale score: 0–2) and was significantly lower than those with poor outcomes (modified Rankin scale score: 3–6) (p = 0.0333). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that a tRNA derivative value of ≤ 142.0 mg/mL was associated with good clinical outcomes, with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 100% (area under the curve, 0.952; 95% confidence interval: 0.82–1).ConclusiontRNA derivatives concentration may be a sensitive marker of early brain damage in patients with acute large vessel occlusion. Patients with low levels of tRNA derivatives on arrival are likely to benefit from thrombectomy and have the potential to achieve good clinical outcomes.
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