Abstract
Die Eisenbahninfrastruktur besitzt eine hohe Signifikanz für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Das Durchschnittsalter der Eisenbahnbrücken in Deutschland liegt bei etwa 75 Jahren. Entsprechend ...ist auch die Bestandsdokumentation der Bauwerke historisch bzw. veraltet. Für den Anlagenbetreiber stellt die Inventarisierung, Aktualisierung und Bereitstellung von mehr als 4,6 Millionen Bestandsplänen eine enorme Herausforderung dar. Zudem benötigt die Generation von digitalen Modellen der Brückenbauwerke viele Ressourcen. Diese Faktoren stellen ein gravierendes Problem für ein qualitatives und effizientes Erhaltungsmanagement dar. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts mdfBIM wird eine teilautomatisierte Methode zur Erstellung objektbasierter digitaler Modelle von Bestandsbrücken mittels Multi‐Datenfusion entwickelt. Für diese Methode wird ein ganzheitliches Prozessmodell erarbeitet und die Möglichkeiten einer teilautomatisierten Datenaufnahme und ‐verarbeitung hin zu einem BIM‐Modell als zentrale Datenbasis eruiert. Die Validierung des Ansatzes erfolgt anschließend an einem realen Demonstrator. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie ein teilautomatisierter Ansatz zur Digitalisierung von Bestandsbrückenbauwerken und die Schaffung einer einheitlichen Datengrundlage für das Instandhaltungsmanagement erfolgreich umgesetzt worden sind.
Translation abstract
Digitization of critical infrastructure structures using multi‐data fusion
The rail infrastructure is highly significant for the economy and society in the Federal Republic of Germany and the European Union. On average, rail infrastructure bridges are around 75 years old. Accordingly, the inventory documentation of the structures is also historical or outdated. For Deutsche Bahn AG, the inventory, updating and provision of more than 4.6 million as‐built plans represents an enormous challenge. Furthermore, the as‐built documents are managed decentralised and in heterogeneous data formats at the plant operator. This poses a serious problem for a qualitative and efficient maintenance management. Within the research project mdfBIM, a holistic, semi‐automated method for the creation of object‐based, digital models of as‐built bridges by means of multi‐data fusion is being developed. For this method, a holistic process model is developed and the possibilities of a semi‐automated data acquisition and processing towards a BIM model as a central data basis are explored. The approach was subsequently validated on a real demonstrator. The article successfully demonstrates a partially automated approach using laser scanning, artificial intelligence and digital building models to digitize bridge structures and create a consistent database for maintenance management.
Across the different phases of a construction project, many actors are involved in the design, the construction, and the operation of the structure. Each actor and all stakeholders in the project ...require different information structures. Unifying these information structures has great benefits for the recipients of the information. This way, inspection routines, certifications or approvals could be automated. Within the framework of the BIM methodology, there are already solutions like the Level of Information Need (LOIN) or attribute mapping via translation tables. But the required effort to tailor the information for all stakeholders is considerable. Therefore actors or stakeholders who often receive IFC data from different sources with different structures face difficulties to automate their processes. In this paper, a concept is presented that uses deep learning techniques to translate between specific information structures of different stakeholders. In this way, the effort of providing information can be reduced. The proof of concept shows that a LSTM model can extract the desired information from an IFC file. It is also weighed up how the concept is to be evaluated, what opportunities and challenges the application may face.
For several years, the use of the BIM method has been mandatory for public new construction and replacement projects of the transport infrastructure in the Federal Republic of Germany. As a result, ...about 20 use cases (UC) for the application of digital models have been defined. Most of them focus on the planning and execution phase. Despite the importance and long duration of the operational phase, there are isolated definitions for use case for operational phase and therefore underrepresented in the overall context. Moreover, none of the published use cases so far consider the specifics of bridge structures. For this reason, a further definition of specific BIM use cases for the operation of bridge structures is needed. In this article, BIM use cases for the use of digital models of bridge structures in the operation and maintenance phase are defined based on a qualitative empirical study. First, the current state of the art is elaborated by means of a literature analysis. Based on this, a expert interviews are conducted and systematically evaluated. The BIM use cases for operation are derived from the results. In addition, requirements and artifacts are defined. This results in a further specification of the use of BIM models in the operational phase of bridge structures and promotes the digitalization of maintenance management.
There are about 65,000 bridge structures in the infrastructure network of the Federal Republic of Germany. Due to the long operating phase of bridges, they have an influence on sustainability. To ...evaluate the sustainability of bridges in the operational phase, digital building models can serve as a consistent and structured database to increase the efficiency and transparency.
In this article, an innovative evaluation system for measuring and assessing the sustainability of a bridge structure in the operational phase based on a digital bridge twin is developed. First, the workflow is presented in a process model and the necessary requirements for the digital twin of the bridge structure are defined. In addition, the semi‐automatic sustainability assessment system is described and the linkage via an interoperable interface to the digital twin is designed. The approach is tested and validated using a real demonstrator. The result of the paper shows an approach to use digital twins for a novel and semi‐automatic sustainability assessment in the operation of bridge structures.
Abstract In Deutschland werden rd. 70 % aller Bauleistungen im Bereich des Hochbaus an bestehenden Gebäuden erbracht. Dieser hohe Anteil unterstreicht die Notwendigkeit eines ressourceneffizienten ...Instandhaltungsmanagements von Gebäuden. Dafür erfolgt die Verknüpfung von digitalen Methoden und Technologien unter Integration von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten für die optimierte Entscheidungsfindung. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine ganzheitliche Methode zur Gebäudeinstandhaltung durch den Einsatz der BIM‐Methode in Kombination mit der Integration von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten entwickelt. Dabei werden innerhalb eines teilautomatisierten Workflows verschiedene digitale Technologien miteinander kombiniert. Im ersten Schritt wird in einer Literaturrecherche der Status quo der BIM‐basierten Instandhaltung an Stahlbetonbauwerken sowie der Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse von Gebäuden analysiert. Folgend werden die prozessualen und datentechnischen Grundlagen definiert. Darauf aufbauend erfolgt die Konzeptentwicklung und Validierung unter Abhaltung der Schritte Datenerfassung, algorithmische Datenverarbeitung und Nachhaltigkeitsanalyse sowie Datenbereitstellung über Augmented Reality und Common Data Environment. Schließlich werden die Prozessschritte anhand eines realen Demonstrators validiert. Das Ergebnis des Beitrags zeigt eine teilautomatisierte Prozesskette und Entscheidungsunterstützung für ein ressourceneffizientes Instandhaltungsmanagement von Stahlbetonbauwerken.
Translation abstract BIM‐based assessment of sustainable maintenance measures for existing building structures In Germany, around 70 % of all building construction work is done on existing buildings. This high proportion emphasizes the need for the maintenance management of buildings. For this purpose, digital methods and technologies are combined with integrating sustainability aspects for optimized decision‐making. In this paper, a holistic method for the building maintenance is developed by using the BIM‐method in combination with the integration of sustainability aspects. Different digital technologies are combined within a semi‐automated workflow. In the first step, the status quo of digital maintenance on reinforced concrete structures is analyzed in a literature review. Subsequently, the process‐related and data‐technical basics are defined. Based on this, the concept development and validation are carried out by holding the steps ‐ data acquisition, an algorithmic data process and sustainability analysis as well as data provision via augmented reality and a common data environment. At the end, the process steps are validated using a real demonstrator. The result of the article demonstrates a semi‐automated process chain and decision support for resource‐efficient maintenance management of reinforced concrete structures.
Die Eisenbahninfrastruktur besitzt eine hohe Signifikanz für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Das Durchschnittsalter der Eisenbahnbrücken in Deutschland liegt bei etwa 75 Jahren. Entsprechend ist auch ...die Bestandsdokumentation der Bauwerke historisch bzw. veraltet. Für den Anlagenbetreiber stellt die Inventarisierung, Aktualisierung und Bereitstellung von mehr als 4,6 Millionen Bestandsplänen eine enorme Herausforderung dar. Zudem benötigt die Generation von digitalen Modellen der Brückenbauwerke viele Ressourcen. Diese Faktoren stellen ein gravierendes Problem für ein qualitatives und effizientes Erhaltungsmanagement dar. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts mdfBIM wird eine teilautomatisierte Methode zur Erstellung objektbasierter digitaler Modelle von Bestandsbrücken mittels Multi‐Datenfusion entwickelt. Für diese Methode wird ein ganzheitliches Prozessmodell erarbeitet und die Möglichkeiten einer teilautomatisierten Datenaufnahme und ‐verarbeitung hin zu einem BIM‐Modell als zentrale Datenbasis eruiert. Die Validierung des Ansatzes erfolgt anschließend an einem realen Demonstrator. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie ein teilautomatisierter Ansatz zur Digitalisierung von Bestandsbrückenbauwerken und die Schaffung einer einheitlichen Datengrundlage für das Instandhaltungsmanagement erfolgreich umgesetzt worden sind.
Along the long service life of the approximately 65,000 bridges in Germany of more than 50 years, it requires the execution of many meetings under the participation of many different parties. These ...meetings are still location‐bound and run very manually using analog inventory documentation. For an optimization, further digitization as well as dissolution of the location dependency at the structure, immersive technologies can be used in connection with digital twins of bridge structures.
This article presents an approach for a location‐independent meeting at the bridge structure under the integration and possibility of interaction of all actors and linking of the digital and physical world. A digital building model of the bridge serves as the data basis and immersive technologies such as augmented and virtual reality as the output and interaction technology. In the first section, the status quo is elaborated based on a literature review. This is followed by the presentation of the theoretical concept. In the next step, the concept is implemented and validated by using a real bridge demonstrator. Finally, further development possibilities as well as still existing challenges are derived.
The result of the article shows a concept and the first feasibility of location‐independent meetings in the maintenance management of a bridge by merging the following elements.
