The Vinodol Valley, situated in the north-western Adriatic in Croatia, is characterized by complex geological and morphological conditions. Palaeogene flysch deposits form the inner parts of the ...valley, while the steep valley flanks are composed of Cretaceous and Palaeogene carbonate rocks. Flysch bedrock is mostly covered by diverse Quaternary deposits, among which deposits originating from carbonate rock slopes are abundant. During previous investigations, based on conventional field geological mapping and mostly conducted in the north-western and central parts of the Vinodol Valley, such Quaternary deposits were addressed to the tectonic evolution of the study area and rockfalls, respectively. Therefore, they were generally named as Quaternary rockfall breccias, or Quaternary rockfall deposits. This study presents six types of the Quaternary deposits originating from carbonate rock slopes and their spatial distribution in the whole Vinodol Valley (64.57 km2 ), which are identified and mapped based on the visual interpretation of 1-m airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) Digital Terrain Model (DTM). Lithological materials are classified according to engineering geological principles, and represent engineering formations. New insight into the types, shapes, geometric characteristics and hypsometrical positions of the identified sedimentary bodies indicate that some other gravitational mass movements, and not just rockfalls, played an important role in the formation of the Quaternary deposits originating from the carbonate rock slopes in the Vinodol Valley. This study also presents the potential of the visual interpretation of high-resolution LiDAR DTM for identification and mapping of superficial deposits in study areas characterized by complex geological and morphological conditions.
This paper presents the potential of airborne LiDAR digital terrain model (DTM) for engineering geological mapping in geologically complex and forested area. The multipurpose, comprehensive ...engineering geological map is created for the pilot area (16.75 km
2
) located in the Vinodol Valley, Croatia. Eight topographic datasets were derived from 1-m DTM and visually interpreted to identify lithologies and geomorphological processes. In total, 12 engineering geological units, more than 500 landslides, and gully erosion phenomena are outlined in the pilot area. Results confirmed the greatest potential of visual interpretation of LiDAR derivatives for mapping of geomorphological processes in a large scale. On the other hand, this method allowed identification and mapping of engineering formations that are basic engineering geological units appropriate for the medium-scale engineering geological maps. The produced map represents a valuable tool for a wide range of planning and engineering purposes, as well as for geological hazard and risk assessment.
Vinodolska udolina, smještena u sjeverozapadnome dijelu Hrvatskoga primorja, odlikuje se složenom geološkom građom i morfološkim uvjetima. Unutrašnji udolinski prostor izgrađuju flišolike naslage ...paleogenske starosti, a strmi bokovi udoline izgrađeni su od karbonatnih stijena kredne i paleogenske starosti. Padine izgrađene od flišolikih naslaga gotovo su u potpunosti prekrivene različitim vrstama površinskih naslaga kvartarne starosti, među kojima su obilno zastupljene površinske naslage sastavljene od fragmenata karbonatnih stijena. Tijekom prethodnih istraživanja, temeljenih na konvencionalnome terenskom geološkom kartiranju uglavnom u sjeverozapadnome i središnjemu dijelu Vinodolske udoline, ove su kvartarne naslage smatrane izravnom posljedicom tektonskoga razvoja istraživanoga područja, odnosno posljedicom pojava odrona, pa su općenito nazivane kvartarnim vapnenačkim brečama i kvartarnim naslagama odrona. Ovaj rad prikazuje šest vrsta kvartarnih naslaga sastavljenih od fragmenata karbonatnih stijena te njihovu prostornu raspodjelu na cijelome području Vinodolske udoline (64,57 km2 ), koje su identificirane i kartirane na temelju vizualne interpretacije digitalnoga modela reljefa (DMR) prostorne rezolucije 1 x 1 m izrađenoga od visinskih podataka prikupljenih laserskim skeniranjem iz zraka primjenom LiDAR tehnologije. Litološki materijali klasificirani su u skladu s inženjerskogeološkim principima i predstavljaju inženjerske formacije. Nove spoznaje o vrstama, oblicima, geometrijskim značajkama i hipsometrijskim položajima identificiranih sedimentnih tijela upućuju na to da su i neki ostali tipovi gravitacijskih pokreta, a ne samo odroni, imali važnu ulogu u formiranju kvartarnih naslaga sastavljenih od fragmenata karbonatnih stijena u Vinodolskoj udolini. Ovaj rad također prikazuje i mogućnosti primjene metode vizualne interpretacije DMR-a izrađenoga od visinskih podataka prikupljenih laserskim skeniranjem iz zraka primjenom LiDAR tehnologije za identifikaciju i kartiranje površinskih naslaga na područjima istraživanja obilježenima složenom geološkom građom i morfološkim uvjetima.
The Slani Potok gully (0.48 km2) is situated in the central part of the Vinodol Valley (64.57 km2) in Croatia, and it was formed in the Eocene flysch deposits. So far, the area of Slani Potok has ...been mainly referred in the scientific literature as being subjected to unusually intense soil erosion processes (i.e., "excessive erosion"), associated with landslides. However, the landslides were never investigated in detail, given the available research methods only involved field investigations. Therefore, the landslide types according to the most commonly used landslide classifications have remained undetermined. In this paper, landslide types in the Slani Potok gully are presented, identified and mapped based on the visual interpretation of seven different LiDAR topographic derivatives computed from the 1 x 1 m DTM available from March 2012. The geomorphological historical landslide inventory of the Slani Potok gully was created, consisting of 181 landslide phenomena. Landslides cover 69 % of the area (0.33 km2) of the Slani Potok gully. The size of the smallest landslide is 65 m2, and of the largest is 10,563 m2. Landslides are very small to moderate-small, shallow to moderate-shallow, and mainly successive in distribution. Most of the landslides initiate along the margins of the gully channel walls, and extend to the gully channel bottom. Such a large number of identified landslides, as well as their specific spatial arrangement within the gully, indicates that sliding processes predominantly affect the morphologic development of the Slani Potok gully, and that the soil erosion is the secondary process in the study area.
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