The authors report a case of a 55-year-old Caucasian woman who received autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation 3 years after a subcortical stroke. She exhibited positive cognitive changes 6 ...months and 1 year after the surgery without rehabilitation. The blood flow changes, measured with SPECT, were statistical significant in prefrontal areas. During the presurgical neuropsychological assessment, the patient presented a critical speech reduction, reflected in impaired performance in verbal fluency, vocabulary and in each task which required overt verbal response. One year later, she showed improvement in mental flexibility, receptive language, phonological fluency, verbal memory and auditory verbal memory. Positive cognitive changes in verbal and executive functions seem to be contingent on increased blood flow in prefrontal areas. Posterior neuropsychological evaluation 3 and 5 years after transplantation did not show deterioration of the cognitive improvement.
Psychopharmacology and Reaction Time Jahanshahi, Marjan
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry,
06/1989, Letnik:
52, Številka:
6
Book Review, Journal Article
We assessed the safety of repeated short trains (4 stimuli) of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rrTMS) over the left motor cortex in 6 healthy normal subjects. rrTMS involved two ...separate blocks of 50 consecutive trains of 4 stimuli at a frequency of 20 Hz and an intensity of 5–10% above active motor threshold. We monitored EEG, and assessed aspects of neurological (balance, gait, two-point discrimination, blood pressure, pulse rate), cognitive (attention, memory, executive function) and motor function (speed of movement initiation and execution and manual dexterity) before and after the two blocks of rrTMS. EMG was also recorded from a number of hand, forearm and arm muscles contralateral to the site of stimulation. Two blocks of repeated rrTMS at 20 Hz and 5–10% above active motor threshold did not produce any adverse effects. Measures of neurological, cognitive and motor function showed no change following rrTMS. From the EMG recording there was evidence of increase in the amplitude of the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the biceps in one subject during the first block of rrTMS, but this did not occur in the second block. A similar magnification of MEPs was also observed in another subject only during the second block of stimulation. When applied using parameters falling within published guidelines (
Pascual-Leone et al., 1993;
Pascual-Leone et al., 1994), repeated rrTMS is a relatively safe technique in healthy normal subjects. As rrTMS allows disruption of cortical function for a longer period, it has the potential of becoming a particularly useful tool for the study of cognitive function as well as sensory or motor function.
The rates of spontaneous remission and progression of dystonia to other sites were studied in 72 patients who first presented with adult-onset torticollis, and who were followed up for a mean of 7.7 ...years. Dystonia had progressed to sites other than the neck (mainly the face and upper limbs) in 23 patients (32%). The latter cases were not differentiated from those with isolated torticollis in terms of any of the demographic or clinical features studied, although they tended to have suffered from torticollis longer. Fifteen patients (20.8%) had experienced a spontaneous remission of their torticollis, which was sustained for a median period of 3 years in 9 cases (12.5%). Eighty-seven percent of the 15 remissions had occurred during the first 5 years of the illness. In the 9 cases with sustained remission, the duration of torticollis before spontaneous remission was significantly longer and remission had mostly occurred after 2 years of illness compared with the 6 who had relapsed. The 15 cases with spontaneous remission tended to have an earlier age of onset compared with those with no remission. Sixty-five percent of cases were correctly classified on the basis of age at onset, which emerged as the only salient variable in the discrimination of the 15 patients with spontaneous remission from the 57 without spontaneous remission. Age at onset, form of torticollis, gender, and direction of head deviation resulted in a correct classification rate of 70%, in the discrimination of the 9 cases with sustained remission from those with no remission.
•A novel photocatalytic membrane was fabricated based on 2D-2D g-C3N4/ZrO2.•The photocatalytic membrane was characterized by FESEM, AFM, and XPS.•The optimized membrane had a substantially higher ...water flux than PES.•The membrane showed high dye removal and protein rejection under LED irradiation.•The membrane showed good stability in the vibration and shear force tests.
This study fabricated a novel photocatalytic, self-cleaning membrane by depositing a 2D-2D g-C3N4/ZrO2 photocatalyst on polydopamine-coated polyethersulfone. The morphologies and surface chemistry of the membranes were studied through FESEM-EDX, AFM, and XPS. The results showed the satisfactory binding stability of the photocatalyst on the polyethersulfone/polydopamine. Also, depositing of the photocatalyst on the polyethersulfone/polydopamine strongly enhanced hydrophilicity. The optimized photocatalytic membrane (39.68 Lm2h) had a substantially higher water flux than polyethersulfone (13.61 Lm2h) and polyethersulfone/polydopamine (19.42 Lm2h). The photocatalytic membranes showed high dye removal and protein rejection rates. The flux recovery ratio was 83.32 % after 30 min of visible-light exposure. The conversion of irreversible contaminants into reversible ones under visible-light demonstrated the self-cleaning nature of the membrane. In addition, the photocatalytic membrane showed substantial stability in the vibration and shear force tests. Therefore, the polyethersulfone/polydopamine/(g-C3N4/ZrO2) membrane is a promising candidate for removing organic contaminants from water due to high rejection, water flux rate, and satisfactory stability. This study not only proposed an efficient methodology to fabricate a novel photocatalytic self-cleaning membrane with high stability but also provided further insights into the effects of the 2D structure of photocatalyst on the flux and photocatalytic degradation performance of such membranes.
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Rational decoration of heterojunctions with photocatalytic activity under visible light has received tremendous attentions in the last decade. In particular, fine tuning the morphologies of the ...components of heterojunction is of great importance that can determine the efficiency of the designed photocatalyst. In this work, various graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) heterojunctions were successfully synthesized via a solution mixing-calcination method using different morphologies of g-C3N4 (nanosheet and particle) and ZrO2 (nanosphere, nanorod, and nanosheet). The properties of as-designed heterojunction photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, TGA, FTIR, TEM, AFM, XPS, BET, DRS, PL, EIS, PR, and HPLC. All the designed heterojunctions showed weaker photoluminescence compared to each of components, indicating the efficient charge transfer between g-C3N4 and ZrO2, and delayed electron-hole pairs recombination process. Among the six designed heterojunctions, the highest photocatalytic activity was observed in the 2D/2D heterojunction with efficient •O2- production, which was due to higher surface area, good integration of nanosheets morphologies, existence of abundant high-rate charge transfer nanochannels and better separation efficiency of electron-hole pairs in this heterojunction. This research indicates that right selection of morphology of the nanomaterials for designing photocatalysts plays an important role in realizing efficient heterojunctions nanomaterials.
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•G-C3N4/ZrO2 heterojunctions with morphology control of ZrO2 and g-C3N4 were successfully constructed via a solution mixing-calcination method.•Morphologies of ZrO2 and g-C3N4 influence the photocatalytic performance of as-prepared sample dramatically.•2D–2D g-C3N4/ZrO2 heterojunction exhibits much higher visible light photocatalytic activity than that of other heterojunctions.•The enhanced photocatalytic activity was mainly due to the formation of numerous intimate nanochannels with high-speed charge transfer ability.••O2- radicals was the dominant active species, with h+ holes and •OH radicals coming in the second and third, respectively.
Here, we describe the first case of intra‐articular osteoid osteoma of the capitulum, which is presented as elbow pain, extension lack, and sensation of click in joint flexion. Surgical treatment ...either arthroscopic or open is more in use in this location of the tumor than cortical osteoid osteoma.
We describe the first case of intra‐articular osteoid osteoma of the capitulum presented as elbow pain, extension lack, and sensation of click in joint flexion. Surgical treatment either arthroscopic or open is more in use in tumor location than cortical osteoid osteoma. Radiofrequency ablation should be used with extreme caution.
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