Enciklopedička djela čine sintezu znanja područja koje obrađuju, nerijetko i ukupnih ljudskih dosega u vremenu u kojem nastaju. Važan dio njihova koncepta čini strukturiranost sadržaja radi lakšega ...pronalaženja, razumijevanja i korištenja željenom informacijom. Važan element te strukturiranosti mogu činiti unificirani tablični prikazi podataka. ovaj rad istražuje zastupljenost, način organizacije i funkcionalnost tabličnih prikaza u nizu enciklopedičkih djela, a osobito onih za koja je utvrđeno da se koriste tabličnim prikazima kao elementima strukturiranosti. Istraživanje je provedeno na svjetskim enciklopedičkim izdanjima (
Encyclopaedia Britannica
,
Encyclopedia Americana
,
Chambersʼs Encyclopaedia
,
World Book Encyclopedia
,
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
,
La Grande Encyclopédie
,
Wikipedija
) te projektima hrvatske enciklopedike (
Hrvatska enciklopedija
,
Proleksis enciklopedija
i
Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija
). Sadržajnom analizom enciklopedičkih projekata utvrđeni su zastupljenost i sadržaj tabličnih prikaza te različitosti i sličnosti vrsta tih prikaza i njihova sadržaja. Također, analizirane su funkcionalnosti takva oblika strukturiranoga sadržaja u mrežnim izdanjima nekih projekata. Pokazalo se kako unificirani tablični prikazi koji prate pojedine tipske članke najviše pridonose strukturiranosti enciklopedičkih djela te otvaraju nove mogućnosti za unutarnje i vanjsko povezivanje sadržaja, razvoja ontologija i sl. evolucija tabličnih prikaza u enciklopedičkim izdanjima, od pukih prikaza usustavljenih podataka u tradicionalnim (tiskanim) izdanjima do sastavnica elemenata strukture mrežnih izdanja, otvara nove mogućnosti u razvoju enciklopedike i dovodi do promjena u pristupu izvedbi mrežnih enciklopedičkih projekata.
Encyclopedic works are a synthesis of knowledge of a certain field of interest, and often of the whole human achievement at the time in which they arise. As highly informative works of a tertiary type, an important part of their concept is content structure, the purpose of which is to make them easier to understand and use. This paper explores the extent of tables, their means of organization, and their functionality in encyclopedic works. This research was conducted on well-known traditional (printed) encyclopedic works, such as the
Encyclopaedia Britannica
,
Encyclopedia Americana
,
Chambers’s Encyclopaedia
,
World Book Encyclopedia
,
Brockhaus Enzyklopädie
,
La Grande Encyclopédie
, as well as croatian encyclopedic works:
Croatian Encyclopedia
,
Proleksis Encyclopedia
,
Croatian Encyclopedia of Technology
. Content analysis was conducted on tables in encyclopedic projects as important components of the structure of relevant data, providing an overview of the extent of tables and their content in selected encyclopedic works. by comparing the results of the content analysis of multiple encyclopedic works, differences, and similarities in table types and their content are shown to indicate possibilities and requisites when compiling such highly structured content. Furthermore, insight is provided into the functionalities of such structured content in online editions of some of these encyclopedic works as well as of
Wikipedia
as the most commonly used online encyclopaedia. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of tables in encyclopedic works, from the mere rendering of systematized data in traditional works to tables as elements of structure in online works that can be used to develop ontologies, this, in turn, generates new possibilities in the development of encyclopedic studies and a new approach to the creation of online encyclopedic works.
The technological heritage of Croatia, the history and current state of technology in Croatia are relatively poorly researched and documented in literature, and overviews regarding this field are ...noticeably absent. This state of affairs is partially reflected in contemporary Croatian encyclopaedics. In contrast to the Pomorska enciklopedija (Maritime Encyclopaedia) or Šumarska enciklopedija (Encyclopaedia of Forestry) of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, the Tehnička enciklopedija (TE – Encyclopaedia of Technology), a major work encompassing 13 volumes and long-time indispensable reference book for students of faculties of engineering, focused on macropeadic interpretation of general technological terms without a systematic examination of the history and current state of affairs in Croatia. The Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija (HTE – Croatian encyclopaedia of Technology) continues the TE and serves to complement it, including national topics and containing articles covering general terms, biographies, companies and institutions, journals and associations, striving to adapt the texts to a broader circle of users. The HTE project builds upon the values of the traditional encyclopaedic concept of organising and disseminating consolidated knowledge, adapted to the digital age, and is simultaneously published in printed and electronic form. It is expected that this approach will contribute towards increasing familiarity with Croatian technology and thus improve its perception in a cultural and social context).
Hrvatska tehnička baština, povijest i sadašnje stanje tehnike u Hrvatskoj razmjerno su slabo istraženi i dokumentirani u literaturi, a napose nedostaju pregledna, sintetska djela o tom području. ...Takvo se stanje djelomice odrazilo i u suvremenoj hrvatskoj enciklopedistici. Za razliku od Pomorske ili Šumarske enciklopedije Leksikografskoga zavoda (LZ), Tehnička enciklopedija (TE), koja je kao kapitalno djelo u 13 svezaka dugo bila nezaobilazna literatura studenata tehničkih fakulteta, usredotočila se na makropedijsko tumačenje općih tehničkih pojmova, dok je sustavna obradba povijesti i sadašnjega stanja u Hrvatskoj izostala. Novi projekt LZ-a Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija (HTE) nastavlja se na TE te predstavlja njezinu nadopunu, uključujući nacionalne teme, obrađujući u člancima opće pojmove, biografije, poduzeća te ustanove, časopise i udruge, nastojeći pritom tekstove prilagoditi najširem krugu korisnika. Projekt HTE oslanja se na vrijednosti tradicionalnoga enciklopedičkoga koncepta organizacije i diseminacije konsolidiranoga znanja, prilagođene digitalnomu dobu, te usporedno dolazi u tiskanom i mrežnom izdanju. Očekuje se da će takav pristup pridonijeti boljemu poznavanju hrvatske tehnike, a time i njezinoj boljoj percepciji u kulturnom i društvenom kontekstu.
The technological heritage of Croatia, the history and current state of technology in Croatia are relatively poorly researched and documented in literature, and overviews regarding this field are noticeably absent. This state of affairs is partially reflected in contemporary Croatian encyclopaedics. In contrast to the Pomorska enciklopedija (Maritime Encyclopaedia) or Šumarska enciklopedija (Encyclopaedia of Forestry) of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, the Tehnička enciklopedija (TE – Encyclopaedia of Technology), a major work encompassing 13 volumes and long-time indispensable reference book for students of faculties of engineering, focused on macropeadic interpretation of general technological terms without a systematic examination of the history and current state of affairs in Croatia. The Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija (HTE – Croatian encyclopaedia of Technology) continues the TE and serves to complement it, including national topics and containing articles covering general terms, biographies, companies and institutions, journals and associations, striving to adapt the texts to a broader circle of users. The HTE project builds upon the values of the traditional encyclopaedic concept of organising and disseminating consolidated knowledge, adapted to the digital age, and is simultaneously published in printed and electronic form. It is expected that this approach will contribute towards increasing familiarity with Croatian technology and thus improve its perception in a cultural and social context).
Due to the undeniable importance of medicine in human life, the authors explore the level of attentiveness given to medical topics since the beginnings of Croatian lexicography and encyclopaedistics ...in the 16th century until today. Specific emphasis is put on the activities of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, as the only Croatian institution which has been systematically involved in the field of lexicography and encyclopaedistics for almost 70 years. The representation and importance of medicine have been established in three ways. Firstly, by chronologically presenting medical terms and topics in the works of Croatian lexicography and encyclopaedistics from the 16th to the 19th century. Subsequently, by systemizing and analysing medical publications published in the 20th century, especially the ones created by the Institute. Lastly, by reviewing the presence of medical terms and topics in other Institute's publications, especially in the Croatian Encyclopaedia. The study shows that medicine has been well represented in Croatian lexicographic and encyclopaedic works, which have played a significant role in establishing Croatian medical terminology and adding to systematization of knowledge in the field of medicine. The authors conclude that lexicography and encyclopaedistics in Croatia have paid adequate attention to medical topics, as well as mirrored the interest of professional and broader community towards medicine.
Dok je uloga medicine, posebice humane medicine, u životu čovjeka neupitna, autori žele ispitati koje je značenje medicini posvećeno u hrvatskoj leksikografiji i enciklopedici. Prikazan je razvoj ...medicinske leksikografije i enciklopedike u Hrvatskoj od začetaka u 16. stoljeću do danas, s posebnim naglaskom na djelatnost Leksikografskoga zavoda Miroslav Krleža (LZMK), kao jedine hrvatske institucije koja se sustavno bavi leksikografijom i enciklopedikom već sedamdesetak godina. Položaj i važnost medicine utvrdili su se kronološkim prikazom zastupljenosti medicinskih naziva i tema u djelima hrvatske leksikografije i enciklopedike od 16. do 19. stoljeća, sistematiziranjem i analizom medicinskih izdanja iz 20. stoljeća, posebice onih LZMK-a, te pregledom zastupljenosti medicine u ostalim izdanjima LZMK-a, s naglaskom na Hrvatsku enciklopediju. Pokazalo se da je medicina u značajnoj mjeri bila zastupljena u hrvatskim leksikografskim i enciklopedijskim djelima koja su imala važnu ulogu u usustavljivanju hrvatske medicinske terminologije i spoznaja iz područja medicine. Autori zaključuju da su leksikografija i enciklopedika u Hrvatskoj zadovoljavajuće pratile zanimanje stručne, ali i šire zajednice za medicinu, odnosno medicinske teme.
Due to the undeniable importance of medicine in human life, the authors explore the level of attentiveness given to medical topics since the beginnings of Croatian lexicography and encyclopaedistics in the 16th century until today. Specific emphasis is put on the activities of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, as the only Croatian institution which has been systematically involved in the field of lexicography for almost 70 years. The representation and importance of medicine have been established in three ways. Firstly, by chronologically presenting medical terms and topics in the works of Croatian lexicography and encyclopaedistics from the 16th to the 19th century. Subsequently, by systemizing and analysing medical publications published in the 20th century, especially the ones created by the Institute. Lastly, by reviewing the presence of medical terms and topics in other Institute’s publications, especially in the Croatian Encyclopaedia. The study shows that medicine has been well represented in Croatian lexicographic and encyclopaedic works, which have played a significant role in establishing Croatian medical terminology and adding to systematization of knowledge in the field of medicine. The authors conclude that lexicography and encyclopaedistics in Croatia have paid adequate attention to medical topics, as well as mirrored the interest of professional and broader community towards medicine.
Encyclopedic works are a synthesis of knowledge of a certain field of interest, and often of the whole human achievement at the time in which they arise. As highly informative works of a tertiary ...type, an important part of their concept is content structure, the purpose of which is to make them easier to understand and use. This paper explores the extent of tables, their means of organization, and their functionality in encyclopedic works. This research was conducted on well-known traditional (printed) encyclopedic works, such as the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana, Chambers's Encyclopaedia, World Book Encyclopedia, Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, La Grande Encyclopédie, as well as Croatian encyclopedic works: Croatian Encyclopedia, Proleksis Encyclopedia, Croatian Encyclopedia of Technology. Content analysis was conducted on tables in encyclopedic projects as important components of the structure of relevant data, providing an overview of the extent of tables and their content in selected encyclopedic works. By comparing the results of the content analysis of multiple encyclopedic works, differences, and similarities in table types and their content are shown to indicate possibilities and requisites when compiling such highly structured content. Furthermore, insight is provided into the functionalities of such structured content in online editions of some of these encyclopedic works as well as of Wikipedia as the most commonly used online encyclopaedia. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of tables in encyclopedic works, from the mere rendering of systematized data in traditional works to tables as elements of structure in online works that can be used to develop ontologies, this, in turn, generates new possibilities in the development of encyclopedic studies and a new approach to the creation of online encyclopedic works.
This paper discusses the role of online encyclopaedias as a specific component of the scientific infrastructure, using the example of the Croatian encyclopaedistics. The functionalities of digital ...media generated new epistemic characteristics of encyclopaedias by transforming them into the active platforms for dissemination and generation of new knowledge. Thanks to their role in synthesis, networking and generation of knowledge, online encyclopaedias might be applied to history of science and technology research, in which multi-layered, interdisciplinary approach is obligatory. The recently initiated open-access Croatian Encyclopaedia of Technology and its role in elaborating the field’s knowledge are described. This encyclopaedia is the framework for the development of the Portal of Croatian Technology Heritage, which will serve as a platform for networking and sharing information from various sources. The portal will contribute to the development of research in history of technology, but also to the revalorisation and the sustainability of the national technology heritage and the positioning of Croatian technology in the global context.
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