Circuit complexity in quantum field theory Jefferson, Robert A.; Myers, Robert C.
The journal of high energy physics,
10/2017, Letnik:
2017, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A
bstract
Motivated by recent studies of holographic complexity, we examine the question of circuit complexity in quantum field theory. We provide a quantum circuit model for the preparation of ...Gaussian states, in particular the ground state, in a free scalar field theory for general dimensions. Applying the geometric approach of Nielsen to this quantum circuit model, the complexity of the state becomes the length of the shortest geodesic in the space of circuits. We compare the complexity of the ground state of the free scalar field to the analogous results from holographic complexity, and find some surprising similarities.
An integrative model of narrative identity builds on a dual memory system that draws on episodic memory and a long‐term self to generate autobiographical memories. Autobiographical memories related ...to critical goals in a lifetime period lead to life‐story memories, which in turn become self‐defining memories when linked to an individual's enduring concerns. Self‐defining memories that share repetitive emotion‐outcome sequences yield narrative scripts, ed templates that filter cognitive‐affective processing. The life story is the individual's overarching narrative that provides unity and purpose over the life course. Healthy narrative identity combines memory specificity with adaptive meaning‐making to achieve insight and well‐being, as demonstrated through a literature review of personality and clinical research, as well as new findings from our own research program. A clinical case study drawing on this narrative identity model is also presented with implications for treatment and research.
With coverage on all the marine mammals of the world, authors Jefferson, Webber, and Pitman have created a user-friendly guide to identify marine mammals alive in nature (at sea or on the beach), ...dead specimens "in hand", and also to identify marine mammals based on features of the skull. This handy guide provides marine biologists and interested lay people with detailed descriptions of diagnostic features, illustrations of external appearance, beautiful photographs, dichotomous keys, and more. Full color illustrations and vivid photographs of every living marine mammal species are incorporated, as well as comprehendible maps showing a range of information. For readers who desire further consultation, authors have included a list of literature references at the end of each species account. For an enhanced understanding of habitation, this guide also includes recognizable geographic forms described separately with colorful paintings and photographs. All of these essential tools provided make Marine Mammals of the World the most detailed and authoritative guide available!* Contains superb photographs of every species of marine mammal for accurate identification * Authors' collective experience adds up to 80 years, and have seen nearly all of the species and distinctive geographic forms described in the guide * Provides the most detailed and anatomically accurate illustrations currently available * Special emphasis is placed on the identification of species in "problem groups, " such as the beaked whales, long-beaked oceanic dolphin, and southern fur seals * Includes a detailed list of sources for more information at the back of the book.
The taxonomy of the humpback dolphin genus Sousa has been controversial and unsettled for centuries, but recent work indicates that there are several valid species. A review of multiple lines of ...evidence from skeletal morphology, external morphology, coloration, molecular genetics, and biogeography, in combination provides strong support for the recognition of four species of Sousa. These include S. teuszii (Kükenthal, 1892), a species with uniform gray coloration and a prominent dorsal hump, which is found in the Atlantic Ocean off West Africa. The species S. plumbea (G. Cuvier, 1829) has similar external appearance to S. teuszii, but has a more pointed dorsal fin. It occurs in the Indian Ocean from South Africa to Myanmar (Burma). The original taxon, S. chinensis (Osbeck, 1765), is reserved for the species that has a larger dorsal fin with no prominent hump, and largely white adult coloration. It ranges from eastern India to central China and throughout Southeast Asia. Finally, we describe a new species of Sousa, the Australian humpback dolphin, which occurs in the waters of the Sahul Shelf from northern Australia to southern New Guinea. It has a lower dorsal fin, more extensive dark color on the body, and a dorsal “cape.” It is separated from the Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphin by a wide distributional gap that coincides with Wallace's Line.
Abstract
The interdependence between the water and power sectors is a growing concern as the need for desalination increases globally. Therefore, co-optimizing interdependent systems is necessary to ...understand the impact of one sector on another. We propose a framework to identify the optimal investment mix for a co-optimized water-power system and apply it to Neom, Saudi Arabia. Our results show that investment strategies that consider the co-optimization of both systems result in total cost savings for the power sector compared to independent approaches. Analysis results suggest that systems with higher shares of non-dispatchable renewables experience the most significant cost reductions.
Introduction
Increasing evidence has demonstrated the effectiveness and safety of corticosteroids in community‐acquired pneumonia in children. More economic evaluations incorporating the new evidence ...and in the pediatric population are needed to know the efficiency of this treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the cost utility of the use of corticosteroids as adjuvant treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumonia.
Methods
A decision tree model was used to estimate the cost and quality adjusted life years (QALY) associated with cost‐effectiveness as an adjunct treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumonia with persistent signs after standard treatment with macrolide drugs for ≥1 week. Multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted.
Results
The QALYs per person estimated in the model for those treatments were 0.92 with corticosteroids plus antibiotics and 0.91 with antibiotics. The total costs per person were US$965 for corticosteroids plus antibiotics and US$1271 for antibiotics. This position of absolute dominance of corticosteroids plus antibiotics over antibiotics makes it unnecessary to estimate the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio.
Conclusion
Corticosteroids are cost‐effective as an adjunct treatment for children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with persistent signs after standard treatment with macrolide drugs for ≥1 week. Our evidence should motivate the evaluation of this treatment in other countries.
Introduction
Dupilumab is an effective and safe medicine for the management of severe asthma. Due to its high cost, concerns are generated regarding its cost‐effectiveness. This study aimed to ...estimate the cost‐utility of dupilumab plus standard of care (SoC) versus SoC alone in children between 6 and 11 years old with severe asthma and eosinophilic phenotype.
Methods
A Markov‐type model was developed to estimate costs and health outcomes of a simulated cohort of pediatric patients with persistent asthma treated over a 6‐year period. To determine the robustness of the model deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted.
Results
The quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) per patient estimated were 0.85 with dupilumab and 0.84 with SoC. The total mean of discounted costs per patient per cycle were US$ 379 for dupilumab and US$ 19 for SoC. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio estimated was $24 660 US$ per QALY
Conclusion
Dupilumab is not cost‐effective in Colombia in children between 6 and 11 years old with severe asthma and eosinophilic phenotype. Our evidence should motivate regulatory agencies to improve negotiations for new drugs with better information and evidence.
Self-defining memories (SDMs) are touchstones in individuals' narrative identity. This is the first SDM study to compare college students from the mainland People's Republic of China (PRC) to ...American college students. It examined SDMs, Big Five personality traits, and memory function in 60 students from each country (
= 120). Participants rated their memories for affect, recall frequency, and importance. Chinese students recalled their most positively rated memories more frequently and with greater importance, while American students did not show this pattern. American students who scored higher in Openness were more likely to recall negative memories. Memory content coding revealed that Chinese students recalled significantly more guilt/shame events than American students. Further analysis indicated that these memories were particularly focused on academic performance and parental expectations. The discussion suggests that follow-up studies look at differing emotion regulation strategies in the two countries, as well as at how the two different educational systems are affecting late adolescent identity formation processes.
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