To observe the impact of combined systolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation.
The participants who participated the health examination between July ...2006 and October 2007 at Kailuan medical group and had no history of atrial fibrillation were selected as the observation cohort.The second, the third and the fourth health examination were conducted between July 2008 and October 2009, July 2010 and October 2011, July 2012 and October 2013, respectively.The participants were stratified by 3 systolic blood pressure levels (≤120, 120-140, ≥140 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa))×3 BMI levels (≤24, 24-28, ≥28 kg/m(2)) at baseline.The combined effect of systolic blood pressure and BMI on the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation was analyzed by multiple Cox regression analysis.
A total of 99 206 participants were recruited and 88 715 participants were included in the final analysis after excluding participants who had new-onset valvular atrial fibrillation or lost to follow-up.A total of 265 participants developed atrial fibrillation during the 5.6 years follow-up.The incidence of atrial fibrillation increased with the BMI and systolic blood pressure, the incidence of new onset of atrial fibrillation was significantly higher in the group with systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and BMI≥28 kg/m(2) than the group with systolic blood pressure≤120 mmHg and BMI≤24 kg/m(2)(1.15/1 000 person-year vs. 0.25/1 000 person-year). Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that participants in the group with systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and BMI≥28 kg/m(2) carried 2.08 (95%CI 1.18-3.67) times higher risk for atrial fibrillation than the group with systolic blood pressure≤120 mmHg and BMI≤24 kg/m(2) after adjustment for age, gender and other confounders at baseline.
Participants with systolic blood pressure≥140 mmHg and BMI≥28 kg/m(2) are at high risk for new onset of atrial fibrillation.
Immunohistochemical localization of cholesterol side-chain-cleavage, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and aromtase cytochromes P-450 was performed in 35 morphologically normal human premenopausal ovaries by ...using specific antibodies against the enzymes. In well-developed ovarian follicles in the late stages of follicular growth, immunoreactivity of P-450AROM was only seen in granulosa cells while P-450(17 alpha) and P-450SCC activity was confined to theca interna cells, confirming that follicular oestrogen is produced in granulosa cells by the aromatization of androgens derived from the theca interna cells. In the corpus luteum, this functional differentiation is maintained, since immunoreactivity of P-450AROM was exclusively present in luteinized granulosa cells while that of P-450(17 alpha) was present in luteinized theca calls. Immunoreactivity of P-450SCC was present in both types of cells in the corpus luteum.
Type conversion of p-GaN by direct Si+ ion implantation and subsequent annealing was demonstrated by the fabrication of lateral Schottky diodes. The Si+ activation percentage was measured as a ...function of annealing time (30-300 sec) and temperature (1,000-1,200 C), reaching a maximum of approximately equals 30% for 1,200 C, 2-min anneals. The resulting n-type carrier concentration was 1.1 x 1018 cm-3 for a moderate Si+ ion dose of approximately equals 2 x 1014 cm-2. The lateral Schottky diodes displayed a negative temperature coefficient of -0.15 V*K for reverse breakdown voltage. 42 refs.
Nasal Septum Perforation of Welders LEE, Choong Ryeol; YOO, Cheol In; LEE, Ji Ho ...
Industrial Health,
07/2002, Letnik:
40, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
During the periodic physical checkups in 1997-2000, the authors have found eleven cases of nasal septum perforation among 2, 869 welders in Ulsan, Korea. They have not suffered from diseases and ...conditions that could cause septum perforation such as tuberculosis, syphilis, and longterm use of topical corticosteroids. And also they did not have trauma history and surgical experiences on their nasal septum. To investigate the cause of septum perforation we reviewed the past history of pre-employment, the results of annual working environment survey and the material safety data sheets of welding rods and steels with which they have dealt. We also analyzed the concentration of several metals of welding fume and the concentration of blood and urinary chromium. In the result, we assumed that the nasal septum perforation of welders was due to chronic exposure to low-level hexavalent chromium.
The Lancet Commission on Hypertension identified that a key action to address the worldwide burden of high blood pressure (BP) was to improve the quality of BP measurements by using BP devices that ...have been validated for accuracy. Currently, there are over 3 000 commercially available BP devices, but many do not have published data on accuracy testing according to established scientific standards. This problem is enabled through weak or absent regulations that allow clearance of devices for commercial use without formal validation. In addition, new BP technologies have emerged (e.g. cuffless sensors) for which there is no scientific consensus regarding BP measurement accuracy standards. Altogether, these issues contribute to the widespread availability of clinic and home BP devices with limited or uncertain accuracy, leading to inappropriate hypertension diagnosis, management and drug treatment on a global scale. The most significant problems relating to the accuracy of BP devices can be resolved by the regulatory requirement for mandatory independent validation of BP devices according to the universally-accepted International Organization for Standardization Standard. This is a primary recommendation for which there is an urgent international need. Other key recommendations are development of validation standards specifically for new BP technologies and online lists of accurate devices that are accessible to consumers and health professionals. Recommendations are aligned with WHO policies on medical devices and universal healthcare. Adherence to recommendations would increase the global availability of accurate BP devices and result in better diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, thus decreasing the worldwide burden from high BP.
The aim of this study was to compare the new AJCC 5th edition classification system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with the AJCC 4th edition by re-evaluating the staging of patients treated in ...Taiwan.
From 1992 through 1996, 117 NPC patients without distant metastasis were treated using complete courses of radiotherapy. All patients had complete CT examinations of the nasopharynx and neck. Each patient was re-staged according to the 5th edition of the AJCC classification system. Their overall survival (OS), loco-regional relapse-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were compared between the two staging systems, using the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, Wilcoxon test and Cox proportional hazard model.
After a median follow-up of 58.3 months, the 5-year OS for stage I, II, III and IV was 88, 86, 61 and 48%, respectively, according to the new staging. A more even distribution of patients was noted among the patients classified according to the AJCC 5th edition than the 4th edition. The distribution of stages I, II, III and IV was 13.7, 37.6, 15.4 and 33.3%, respectively, using the new staging system, whereas it was 0.8, 14.5, 20.5 and 64.2%, respectively, using the old staging system. More statistically significant differences among 5th edition stages and T classifications than the 4th edition were also noted.
The 5th edition of the AJCC staging system appears to have a more even distribution of patients and more statistically significant differences in predicting prognosis than the 4th edition, mostly in stages and T classification.
Combination therapy with the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib plus the MEK inhibitor trametinib improved survival in patients with advanced melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations. We sought to determine whether ...adjuvant dabrafenib plus trametinib would improve outcomes in patients with resected, stage III melanoma with BRAF V600 mutations.
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 870 patients with completely resected, stage III melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations to receive oral dabrafenib at a dose of 150 mg twice daily plus trametinib at a dose of 2 mg once daily (combination therapy, 438 patients) or two matched placebo tablets (432 patients) for 12 months. The primary end point was relapse-free survival. Secondary end points included overall survival, distant metastasis-free survival, freedom from relapse, and safety.
At a median follow-up of 2.8 years, the estimated 3-year rate of relapse-free survival was 58% in the combination-therapy group and 39% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for relapse or death, 0.47; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.39 to 0.58; P<0.001). The 3-year overall survival rate was 86% in the combination-therapy group and 77% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42 to 0.79; P=0.0006), but this level of improvement did not cross the prespecified interim analysis boundary of P=0.000019. Rates of distant metastasis-free survival and freedom from relapse were also higher in the combination-therapy group than in the placebo group. The safety profile of dabrafenib plus trametinib was consistent with that observed with the combination in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Adjuvant use of combination therapy with dabrafenib plus trametinib resulted in a significantly lower risk of recurrence in patients with stage III melanoma with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations than the adjuvant use of placebo and was not associated with new toxic effects. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis; COMBI-AD ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01682083 ; EudraCT number, 2012-001266-15 .).
To study the intra-thoracic failure pattern, clinical target volume (CTV) and survival status following 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) boost for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
From May 1994 ...through June 1998, 33 patients (26 male, seven female) with NSCLC were treated with a complete course of radiotherapy (RT) in our institute. Group A included 10 patients receiving radical operation and adjuvant postoperative RT. The other 23 patients (groups B and C) received definitive radiotherapy as local treatment. Among them there were seven cases as group B (stage I-II) and 16 cases as group C (stage III). Fifteen (15/33) patients received chemotherapy. The radiotherapy strategy constituted conventional AP/PA radiotherapy (RT) 19.8-45 Gy (median 39.6 Gy) plus 3DCRT boost 6-34.2 Gy (median 20 Gy). The median total tumor dose was 59.6 Gy (ranging from 39.8 to 64.8 Gy). Patients were followed up regularly (6/33) or until their death (27/33). Nineteen patients received follow-up chest computed tomography (CT). The relationship between intra-thoracic failure found by chest CT and the initial RT and boost RT fields was analyzed. Local failure was defined as one of the following: clinical disease progression, CXR progression or relapse noted by CT. The overall survival (OS) and local failure free survival (LFF) were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Sixteen intra-thoracic failures were noted in 15 follow-up chest CT examinations, which included nine in-field relapses, three partial in-field relapses and four out-field relapses. The 2-year OS and LFF for groups A, B and C were 78.8/59.2, 14.2/16.7 and 6.2/7.1% respectively. RTOG grade III/IV complications included one pneumothorax (RTOG grade III).
Our retrospective study showed that selective omission of contralateral mediastinal lymph node station irradiation may be appropriate in RT for NSCLC. Chest wall and pleural relapses may not be a negligible cause of intra-thoracic failure after RT for NSCLC.
Solid tumors contain normoxic and hypoxic regions depending on the distance from the capillary. Normal cells may also be exposed to hypoxia under certain physiological conditions. Tumor hypoxia has ...been shown to associate strongly with tumor propagation and malignant progression. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha is stable under hypoxia and induces transcription of target genes by binding to the hypoxia-response element (HRE). Here we investigated the oncolytic effects of a novel adenovirus mutant with a deleted E1B55 gene (Ad.Delta55.HRE), in which the expression of E1A, which is essential for adenoviral replication, is regulated under the control of an HRE-expression system. Ad.Delta55.HRE expressed E1A under normoxia and more E1A under hypoxia and exhibited oncolytic effects on various cultured tumor cells, but its cytotoxic effect is relatively attenuated in normal fibroblast cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Ad.Delta55.HRE lysed Huh-7 hepatoma cells stably expressing HIF-1alpha more effectively compared to parental cells. Ad.Delta55.HRE treatment exhibited significant antitumor activity in PC-3 prostate- and MDA-MB-435 breast tumor-bearing nude mice in which HIF-1alpha protein was immunohistochemically detected. The E1A and hexon proteins of adenovirus were immunostained in MDA-MB-435 xenografts after Ad.Delta55.HRE treatment, suggestive of viral replication. Our results suggest that Ad.Delta55.HRE may be useful for the treatment of solid tumors.
The mammalian brain relies on neurochemistry to fulfill its functions. Yet, the complexity of the brain metabolome and its changes during diseases or aging remain poorly understood. Here, we generate ...a metabolome atlas of the aging wildtype mouse brain from 10 anatomical regions spanning from adolescence to old age. We combine data from three assays and structurally annotate 1,547 metabolites. Almost all metabolites significantly differ between brain regions or age groups, but not by sex. A shift in sphingolipid patterns during aging related to myelin remodeling is accompanied by large changes in other metabolic pathways. Functionally related brain regions (brain stem, cerebrum and cerebellum) are also metabolically similar. In cerebrum, metabolic correlations markedly weaken between adolescence and adulthood, whereas at old age, cross-region correlation patterns reflect decreased brain segregation. We show that metabolic changes can be mapped to existing gene and protein brain atlases. The brain metabolome atlas is publicly available ( https://mouse.atlas.metabolomics.us/ ) and serves as a foundation dataset for future metabolomic studies.
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