Background
The selection of surgeries for patients with stage I NSCLC remains controversial. We evaluated the effectiveness of different surgeries for stage I NSCLC through a meta-analysis of studies ...that compared sublobectomy with lobectomy.
Methods
The overall survival/cancer-specific survival (OS/CSS) of stage I NSCLC after sublobectomy or lobectomy was compared. The log (hazard ratio) ln (HR) and its standard error (SE) were used as the outcome measure for data combining.
Results
There were 24 eligible studies, published from 1990 to 2010, enrolled (11,360 patients). Compared with sublobectomy, there was a significant benefit of lobectomy on OS and CSS of stage I NSCLC patients (HR 1.40; 95% confidence interval 95% CI, 1.15–1.69;
P
= .0006). In stage Ia patients with tumor no large than 2 cm, there were no differences in OS between lobectomy and sublobectomy (HR 0.81; 95% CI, 0.39–1.71;
P
= .58). For the comparison between lobectomy and segmentectomy, there was no significant difference on OS (HR = 1.09; 95% CI, 0.85–1.40;
P
= .45) and CSS (HR 0.99; 95% CI, 0.72–1.38;
P
= .97) in stage I NSCLC patients. There was no significant publication bias detected in any sections of the analysis.
Conclusions
For stage I patients, sublobectomy causes lower survival than lobectomy, whereas the outcomes of segmentectomy are comparable to that of lobectomy; for stage Ia patients with tumor ≤2 cm, sublobectomy produces similar survival to lobectomy.
Alterations of gut microbiota have been implicated in multiple diseases including cancer. However, the gut microbiota spectrum in lung cancer remains largely unknown. Here we profiled the gut ...microbiota composition in a discovery cohort containing 42 early-stage lung cancer patients and 65 healthy individuals through the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing analysis. We found that lung cancer patients displayed a significant shift of microbiota composition in contrast to the healthy populations. To identify the optimal microbiota signature for noninvasive diagnosis purpose, we took advantage of Support-Vector Machine (SVM) and found that the predictive model with 13 operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-based biomarkers achieved a high accuracy in lung cancer prediction (area under curve, AUC = 97.6%). This signature performed reasonably well in the validation cohort (AUC = 76.4%), which contained 34 lung cancer patients and 40 healthy individuals. To facilitate potential clinical practice, we further constructed a 'patient discrimination index' (PDI), which largely retained the prediction efficiency in both the discovery cohort (AUC = 92.4%) and the validation cohort (AUC = 67.7%). Together, our study uncovered the microbiota spectrum of lung cancer patients and established the specific gut microbial signature for the potential prediction of the early-stage lung cancer.
In this letter, a 3-D range migration algorithm for multiple-input multiple-output synthetic aperture radar imaging is proposed. The accurate expression of the signal spectrum is derived by utilizing ...the spherical wave decomposition. This method compensates for the curvature of the wavefront in wavenumber domain and achieves the 3-D Fourier transform of the reflectivity map through a dimension-reducing accumulation operation. Its fast Fourier transform-based imaging scheme provides high imaging efficiency. In addition, this method does not take the plane wave approximation and can be applied in near-field imaging scenes. Both theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed method can reconstruct the 3-D image as accurately as the backprojection algorithm but with much lower computational load.
Soft abrasive flow (SAF) processing presents advantages in avoiding surface damages and adapting complex workpiece shapes. However, the current SAF method exhibits low processing efficiency for ...materials. To solve this problem, a gas-liquid-solid three-phase abrasive flow processing method (GLSP) based on bubble collapsing is proposed. Through a surface constrained module, a multi-inlet constrained flow passage for silicon wafer processing is constructed, in which the bubbles are injected into the abrasive flow to strengthen the processing efficiency. On the basis of the Euler multi-phase model and population balance model (PBM), a GLSP fluid mechanic model is set up. Simulation results show that the bubble collapse region can be controlled by designing the flow passage structure and that the near-wall particle turbulent motion can be strengthened by decreasing the fluid viscosity. The observation and processing experiments show that the most violent bubble collapsing occurs in the initial constrained surface region. Bubble collapsing can result in an average particle velocity increase from 12.90 to 15.97 m/s. The proposed GLSP method can increase the processing efficiency by 50% compared with the SAF method, and the average surface roughness can reach 2.84 nm.
Prophylactic pharmacotherapy for health care in patients with high risk of cardiac arrest (CA) is an elusive and less explored strategy. Melatonin has possibilities used as a daily nutraceutical to ...trigger the cellular adaptation. We sought to find the effects of long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin on the victim of CA. Rats were divided into sham, CA, and melatonin + CA (Mel + CA) groups. The rats in the Mel + CA group received daily IP injection of melatonin 100 mg/kg for 14 days. CA was induced by 8 min asphyxia and followed by manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The endpoint was 24 h after resuscitation. Survival, neurological outcome, and hippocampal mitochondrial integrity, dynamics and function were assessed. Survival was significantly higher in the Mel + CA group than the CA group (81 vs. 42%, P = 0.04). Compared to the CA group, neurological damage in the CA1 region and the level of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the Mel + CA group were decreased (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial function and integrity were protected in the Mel + CA group compared to the CA group, according to the results of mitochondrial swelling, ΔΨm, ROS production, oxygen consumption rate, and respiratory control rate (P < 0.05). Melatonin increased SIRT3 and downregulated acetylated CypD. The mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy were improved in the Mel + CA group (P < 0.05). Long-term daily prophylactic supplement with melatonin buy the time from brain injury after CA.
Background
MIKC type MADS-box transcription factors are one of the largest gene families and play a pivotal role in flowering time and flower development.
Chimonanthus salicifolius
belongs to the ...family Calycanthaceae and has a unique flowering time and flowering morphology compared to other
Chimonanthus
species, but the research on MIKC type MADS-box gene family of
C. salicifolius
has not been reported.
Objective
Identification, comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, the expression pattern of MIKC-type MADS-box gene family from different tissues of
C. salicifolius
.
Methods
Genome-wide investigation and expression pattern under different tissues of the MIKC-type MADS-box gene family in
C. salicifolius
, and their phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary characteristics, gene structure, motif distribution, promoter
cis
-acting element were performed.
Results
A total of 29 MIKC-type MADS-box genes were identified from the whole genome sequencing. Interspecies synteny analysis revealed more significant collinearity between
C. salicifolius
and the magnoliids species compared to eudicots and monocots. MIKC-type MADS-box genes from the same subfamily share similar distribution patterns, gene structure, and expression patterns. Compared with
Arabidopsis thaliana
,
Nymphaea colorata
, and
Chimonanthus praecox
, the
FLC
genes were absent in
C. salicifolius
, while the
AGL6
subfamily was expanded in
C. salicifolius
. The selectively expanded promoter (
AGL6
) and lack of repressor (
FLC
) genes may explain the earlier flowering in
C. salicifolius
. The loss of the
AP3
homologous gene in
C. salicifolius
is probably the primary cause of the morphological distinction between
C. salicifolius
and
C. praecox
.
The csAGL6a
gene is specifically expressed in the flowering process and indicates the potential function of promoting flowering.
Conclusion
This study offers a genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the MIKC-types MADS-box genes in the
C. salicifolius
, and establishes the foundation for screening flowering development genes and understanding the potential function of the MIKC-types MADS-box genes in the
C. salicifolius
.
Head or ear blight, mainly caused by Fusarium species, can devastate almost all staple cereal crops (particularly wheat), resulting in great economic loss and imposing health threats on both human ...beings and livestock
. However, achievement in breeding for highly resistant cultivars is still not satisfactory. Here, we isolated the major-effect wheat quantitative trait locus, Qfhs.njau-3B, which confers head blight resistance, and showed that it is the same as the previously designated Fhb1. Fhb1 results from a rare deletion involving the 3' exon of the histidine-rich calcium-binding-protein gene on chromosome 3BS. Both wheat and Arabidopsis transformed with the Fhb1 sequence showed enhanced resistance to Fusarium graminearum spread. The translation products of this gene's homologs among plants are well conserved and might be essential for plant growth and development. Fhb1 could be useful not only for curbing Fusarium head blight in grain crops but also for improving other plants vulnerable to Fusarium species.
To identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status between different lesions in lung adenocarcinoma presenting as multiple ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions and analyse its ...association with clinical characteristics.
Seventy-eight patients with lung adenocarcinoma presenting as multiple GGO lesions were identified to investigate EGFR mutation in exon 18-21. Lesions with the largest size in diameter were defined as the primary lesions; the others were defined as the secondary lesions. One hundred and fifty-nine lesions of these patients were classified into pure GGO and mixed GGO by computed tomography scan images.
The EGFR mutation rate in the patients was 48.7% (38 of 78). Patients with high frequency of EGFR mutation were females and non-smokers. The EGFR mutation rate of invasive adenocarcinoma was higher than that of atypical adenomatous hyperplasia/adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (P = 0.001). Although 19-deletion and L858R were the most common EGFR mutations, there was no difference of EGFR mutation in pathological subtypes of adenocarcinoma. Of the 38 paired lesions in patients harbouring EGFR mutation, the discordance rate of EGFR mutation was 92.1%.
The study showed different EGFR mutational profiles in multiple GGO lesions, suggesting that lesions seem to arise as independent events. It would offer useful information for determining the appropriate treatment strategy for lung adenocarcinoma presenting as multiple GGO lesions.
A One Health approach has been increasingly mainstreamed by the international community, as it provides for holistic thinking in recognizing the close links and inter-dependence of the health of ...humans, animals and the environment. However, the dearth of real-world evidence has hampered application of a One Health approach in shaping policies and practice. This study proposes the development of a potential evaluation tool for One Health performance, in order to contribute to the scientific measurement of One Health approach and the identification of gaps where One Health capacity building is most urgently needed.
We describe five steps towards a global One Health index (GOHI), including (i) framework formulation; (ii) indicator selection; (iii) database building; (iv) weight determination; and (v) GOHI scores calculation. A cell-like framework for GOHI is proposed, which comprises an external drivers index (EDI), an intrinsic drivers index (IDI) and a core drivers index (CDI). We construct the indicator scheme for GOHI based on this framework after multiple rounds of panel discussions with our expert advisory committee. A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process is adopted to determine the weights for each of the indicators.
The weighted indicator scheme of GOHI comprises three first-level indicators, 13 second-level indicators, and 57 third-level indicators. According to the pilot analysis based on the data from more than 200 countries/territories the GOHI scores overall are far from ideal (the highest score of 65.0 out of a maximum score of 100), and we found considerable variations among different countries/territories (31.8-65.0). The results from the pilot analysis are consistent with the results from a literature review, which suggests that a GOHI as a potential tool for the assessment of One Health performance might be feasible.
GOHI-subject to rigorous validation-would represent the world's first evaluation tool that constructs the conceptual framework from a holistic perspective of One Health. Future application of GOHI might promote a common understanding of a strong One Health approach and provide reference for promoting effective measures to strengthen One Health capacity building. With further adaptations under various scenarios, GOHI, along with its technical protocols and databases, will be updated regularly to address current technical limitations, and capture new knowledge.
In this study, we address the problem of estimating the motion parameters of multiple high‐speed manoeuvering targets under low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) environment with a low‐range resolution ...radar, where the target movement could cause the echo signal energy seriously spread across both the range and Doppler frequency coordinates, and the returned signals from different targets would merge into each other. Based on the subaperture feature enhancement, Hough transform (HT) and the second‐order short‐time Fourier‐based synchrosqueezing transform (FSST2), a novel method, named as EHFSST2, is proposed. The proposed method can robustly extract the targets of interest from environment and accurately estimate the targets' motion parameters. Thanks to its ability to compensate the effects of the range walk, curvature, and the Doppler ambiguity, spreading, wrapping, and the energy of echo signal can be coherently integrated along the target's individual moving trajectory. In addition, several numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness. The results show that the proposed method is superior to some existing methods in terms of the anti‐noise ability, measurement accuracy and integration performance.
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