Monochamus alternatus
, the main vector beetles of invasive pinewood nematode, has established a symbiotic relationship with a native ectotrophic fungal symbiont,
Sporothrix
sp. 1, in China. The ...immune response of
M. alternatus
to S. sp. 1 in the coexistence of beetles and fungi is, however, unknown. Here, we report that immune responses of
M. alternatus
pupae to infection caused by ectotrophic symbiotic fungus
S
. sp. 1 and entomopathogenic fungus
Beauveria bassiana
differ significantly. The
S
. sp. 1 did not kill the beetles while
B. bassiana
killed all upon injection. The transcriptome results showed that the numbers of differentially expressed genes in
M. alternatus
infected with
S
. sp. 1 were 2-fold less than those infected with
B. bassiana
at 48 hours post infection. It was noticed that Toll and IMD pathways played a leading role in the beetle’s immune system when infected by symbiotic fungus, but upon infection by entomopathogenic fungus, only the Toll pathway gets triggered actively. Furthermore, the beetles could tolerate the infection of symbiotic fungi by retracing their Toll and IMD pathways at 48 h. This study provided a comprehensive sequence resource of
M. alternatus
transcriptome for further study of the immune interactions between host and associated fungi.
Brucellosis is the most common zoonotic infection in the world. It is an endemic disease in many areas throughout the world. Human brucellosis is a multisystem disease that may present with a broad ...spectrum of clinical manifestations. The central nervous system （CNS） involvement is a rare but serious neurological complication of brucellosis. Neurobrucellosis （NB） often is underdiagnosed, which is partly because of unawareness about the disease among the treating physicians. Clinically nonacute NB is more common than acute NB. Therelbre, in order to better understand the nonacute NB, we summarized 14 cases, aimed to shed light to detailed neurologic features of nonacute NB, as well as their laboratory findings.
To investigate the effects of teriparatide (hPTH1-34, PTH) and alendronate (Alen) on bone turnover rate and bone mineral density (BMD) of ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic rats.
70 female 6-month-old ...Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: (1) baseline group: killed immediately as baseline controls; (2) sham operation group: injected subcutaneously with normal saline (NS) as normal controls; (3) OVXb group: underwent ovarietomy (OVX) and killed 6 weeks after OVX as pre-therapeutic controls; (4) OVXe group: injected with NS subcutaneously and then sacrificed 14 weeks after OVX as controls by the end of treatment; (5) PTH group: PTH 40 microg.kg(-1).d(-1) was administered; (6) Alen group: Alen 100 microg.kg(-1).d(-1) was administered; (7) A + P group: PTH 40 microg.kg(-1).d(-1) and Alen 100microg.kg(-1).d(-1) were administered. In groups 4 approximately 7, different medicines were injected subcutaneously QD 5 times per week from the 6th week to the 14th week after OVX and then the rats were killed and
To implore the effects of teriparatide (PTH) and alendronate (Alen) on skeletal biomechanical properties of ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic rats.
70 female Wistar rats of 6 months were randomly ...divided into 7 groups: (1) Baseline: sacrificed at baseline; (2) OVXb: sacrificed in 6 weeks after OVX; (3) Sham operation; (4) OVXe: sacrificed 14 weeks after OVX; (5) PTH: 40 microg.kg(-1).d(-1); (6) Alen: 100 microg.kg(-1).d(-1); (7) A + P: PTH 40 microg.kg(-1).d(-1) and Alen 100 microg.kg(-1).d(-1). In group (5)-(7), different medicines were injected 5 times per week from 6th to 14th week after OVX. The cancellous biomechanical properties were measured with indentation test and the cortical properties were investigated with three-point bending test.
(1) The can load and can stiff of distal femur of OVXb were significantly lower than those of baseline (P < 0.01). It is indicated that osteoporotic rat models with impaired bone strength were established. (2) The can load and can stiff of distal femur of PTH (36.3 +
Amplification and function analysis of N6-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase gene in Nilaparvata lugens ZHANG Jiao, XING Yan-ru, HOU Bo-feng, YUAN Zhu-ting, LI Yao, JIE Wen-cai, SUN Yang, LI Fei (1Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P.R.China 2Suzhou Chien-Shiung Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215411, P.R.China)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
03/2016, Letnik:
15, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Methylation of the N6 position of adenine, termed N6-methyladenine, protects DNA from restriction endonucleases via the host-specific restriction-modification system. N6-methyladenine was discovered ...and has been well studied in bacteria. N6-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase（N6AMT） is the main enzyme catalyzing the methylation of the adenine base and knowledge of this enzyme was mainly derived from work in prokaryotic models. However, large-scale gene discovery at the genome level in many model organisms indicated that the N6AMT gene also exists in eukaryotes, such as humans, mice, fruit flies and plants. Here, we cloned a N6AMT gene from Nilaparvata lugens（Nlu-N6AMT） and amplified its fulllength transcript. Then, we carried out a systematic investigation of N6AMT in 33 publically available insect genomes, indicating that all studied insects had N6AMT. Genomic structure analysis showed that insect N6AMT has short introns compared with the mammalian homologs. Domain and phylogenetic analysis indicated that insect N6AMT had a conserved N6-adenine Mlase domain that is specific to catalyze the adenine methylation. Nlu-N6AMT was highly expressed in the adult female. We knocked down Nlu-N6AMT by feeding ds RNA from the second instar nymph to adult female, inducing retard development of adult female. In all, we provide the first genome-wide analysis of N6AMT in insects and presented the experimental evidence that N6AMT might have important functions in reproductive development and ovary maturation.
To investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphism (Gln223 Arg) in young women and postmenopausl osteoporotic women.
BMD values were determined ...by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The Gln223 Arg genotypes of LEPR were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was evident for LEPR polymorphism. The subjects carrying the GG genotype of LEPR had significantly higher BMD at lumbar spine as compared with the subjects with GA and AA genotype in young women (1.213 +/- 0.127) g/cm(2) vs (1.154 +/- 0.124) g/cm(2), P < 0.05. There were no significant differences in BMD at the proximal femur among GG, GA and AA genotype in young women. No significant differences in BMD at all sites were observed among GG, GA and AA genotype in postmenopausl osteoporotic women. Correlation was found between BMD and leptin receptor polymorphism (Gln223 Arg) at lumbar spine (r = -0.151, P < 0.05).
Leptin r
Objective To compare clinical efficacy for two cervical preparations for early secondtrimester pregnancy termination at 12-17 weeks gestation. Methods Seventy healthy women aged 18-41 years ...requesting legal termination of pregnancy at 12-17 weeks of gestation were equally randomized into two groups. Two cervical preparations, the Dilapan-STM combined with mifepristone and misoprostol （DMM） method, and the mifepristone combined with misoprostol （MM） method, were used to end early second-trimester pregnancy for group DMM and group MM, respectively. Clinical outcomes and complications for these two methods were compared. Results No differences were found on rates of successful abortion within 48 h and blood loss after abortion at 2 h between the two groups （P〉0.05）. DMM group had significant shorter induction-to-abortion interval and hospital stay compared with group MM （P〈0.01）. In both DMM and MM groups, side effects including nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, chills and rigors, and fever occurred, and incidences of these side effects were no difference （P〉0.05）. Conclusion DMM method would have similar clinical efficacies with MM method for early second-trimester pregnancy termination. Besides,DMM method has shorter induction-to-abortion interval and hospital stay, which benefits its clinical application.
A criterion for the intercalation of a metal chloride in a molten state into graphite was proposed based on the thermodynamics of the intercalation reaction and chemical band theory. The valence ...electronegativity of element and ionic potential are taken as the chemical band parameters and a band parameter function γ is defined as a criterion to select a guest metal chloride to prepare a graphite intercalation compound (GIC). The ability of a metal chloride to be intercalated into graphite and the stability of the resulting GIC are estimated. The results show that GICs synthesized at a temperature lower than 700 °C are more stable when a metal chloride is chosen from the region of
γ≤1.2. A metal chloride with γ between 1.2 and 1.8 cannot be easily intercalated into graphite alone. The metal chlorides with
γ≥1.8, most of which are alkaline earth chlorides or alkali metal chlorides, are not appropriate as guests to prepare GICs by a molten salt method. The criterion is consistent with the experimental data and some new expected results are also obtained.
Objective： To investigate the protective effects of Chinese medicine formulation Chaihu Shugan San（柴胡疏肝散, CHSGS） on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） in rats with insulin resistance（IR） and its ...molecular mechanisms. Methods： Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups： the control group, the model group, Dongbao Gantai group（东宝肝泰, DBGT, 0.09 g methionine/kg）, CHSGS high-dose group（CHSG-H, 12.6 g crude drug/kg）, CHSGS medium-dose group（CHSG-M, 6.3 g crude drug/kg）, and CHSGS low-dose group（CHSG-L, 3.15 g crude drug/kg）. After establishing the NAFLD rat model and treatment for 8 weeks, total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）, free fatty acid（FFA）, fasting blood glucose（FBG）, fasting insulin（FINS） contents in blood serum, and TC, TG contents in the hepatic homogenate were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and a homeostasis model assessment was applied to assess the status of IR, insulin sensitivity index（ISI）, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin secretion（HOMA-IS）. The expression levels of adiponectin and leptin mRNA in liver tissue were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pathological changes of livers were observed by hematoxylineosin staining of paraffin section. Results： Compared with the model group, the serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, FBG, FINS, IRI, ISI, and the liver levels of TC and TG in CHSG-H, CHSG-M, CHSG-L groups showed significant declines（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）; the serum levels of HDL-C, HOMA-IS were significantly increased（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）; the expression of leptin mRNA was dramatically decreased and the expression of adiponectin mRNA was increased in the hepatic tissue（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The fatty deposition of liver cells could also be alleviated. Conclusion： CHSGS could up-regulate the expression of adiponectin mRNA and down-regulate the expression of leptin mRNA on the liver, suggesting the CHSGS had positive therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats with IR.
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