In order to explore the effects of comfort care combined with blue-light phototherapy on neonatal jaundice and total bilirubin (TBIL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, this ...study selected 100 neonates as research objects. Those 100 neonates were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice in a designated hospital of this study from December 2020 to December 2021, and randomly divided into observation group and control group with 50 cases in each group. The neonates in control group were given blue-light phototherapy, while the neonates in observation group were given comfort care combined with blue-light phototherapy. Before and after the treatment, the neonates in the two groups were evaluated for their quiet sleep time, the number of crying, decrease in jaundice, weight gain, and TBIL and hs-CRP levels, and compared those indicators for follow-up analysis. The results of this study show that the total effective rate was 96.0 % (48/50) in the observation group and 82.0 % (41/50) in the control group, with statistically significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05); the indexes of the neonates’ jaundice decline (4.41 ± 0.71) μmol/l of the observation group were significantly better than the neonates’ jaundice decline (3.32 ± 0.68) μmol/l of the control group (P < 0.05); before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of TBIL (304.12 ± 27.63) μmol/l and Hs-CRP (8.01 ± 2.29) mg/L of the observation group between the levels of TBIL (304.08 ± 27.58) μmol/l and Hs-CRP (8.03 ± 2.41) mg/L of the control group (P > 0.05); after treatment, the TBIL level (99.27 ± 11.35) μmol/l and hs-CRP level (1.18 ± 0.32) μmol/l of the observation group and the TBIL level (123.25 ± 19.43) μmol/l and hs-CRP level (1.62 ± 0.45) μmol/l of the control group were both lower than those before treatment, while the reduction degree of those in the observation group was better than that of the control group with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Therefore, the comfort care combined with blue-light phototherapy can achieve more ideal treatment effects than that of single use of blue-light phototherapy, which proves that the two treatment methods have certain synergy and provides a new potential technology for the prevention and treatment of neonatal jaundice.
We develop a recombinant framework of technological information disclosure by integrating the insights of the recombinant innovation perspective and the crowdfunding literature. We propose that the ...technological information disclosed in a technology project’s crowdfunding description can boil down to two recombinant features, that is, the number of disclosed technological domains (N) and the interdependence thereof (K). We further posit that the N and K of disclosed technological information about a project have distinct implications for crowdfunders’ perceived usefulness and complexity of the project’s rewards, thus affecting crowdfunding performance in distinct ways. That is, N has an inverted U-shaped effect on crowdfunding performance, while K has a monotonically negative effect on crowdfunding performance. Such effects of N and K of disclosed technological domains are further moderated by crowdfunders’ knowledge about the disclosed technological domains. Evidence from the field data from Kickstarters.com and a scenario-based study support our predictions.
To review the effects of core stability exercise or general exercise for patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).
Exercise therapy appears to be effective at decreasing pain and improving function ...for patients with chronic LBP in practice guidelines. Core stability exercise is becoming increasingly popular for LBP. However, it is currently unknown whether core stability exercise produces more beneficial effects than general exercise in patients with chronic LBP.
Published articles from 1970 to October 2011 were identified using electronic searches. For this meta-analysis, two reviewers independently selected relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating core stability exercise versus general exercise for the treatment of patients with chronic LBP. Data were extracted independently by the same two individuals who selected the studies.
From the 28 potentially relevant trials, a total of 5 trials involving 414 participants were included in the current analysis. The pooling revealed that core stability exercise was better than general exercise for reducing pain mean difference (-1.29); 95% confidence interval (-2.47, -0.11); P = 0.003 and disability mean difference (-7.14); 95% confidence interval (-11.64, -2.65); P = 0.002 at the time of the short-term follow-up. However, no significant differences were observed between core stability exercise and general exercise in reducing pain at 6 months mean difference (-0.50); 95% confidence interval (-1.36, 0.36); P = 0.26 and 12 months mean difference (-0.32); 95% confidence interval (-0.87, 0.23); P = 0.25.
Compared to general exercise, core stability exercise is more effective in decreasing pain and may improve physical function in patients with chronic LBP in the short term. However, no significant long-term differences in pain severity were observed between patients who engaged in core stability exercise versus those who engaged in general exercise.
http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO PROSPERO registration number: CRD42011001717.
To develop a novel lignin-based highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer, the amination of the biorefinery technical lignin was conducted by Mannich reaction synergy with phenolation pretreatment. ...Subsequently, the structural transformations of lignin samples and the reaction mechanism were investigated in detail. The soil column leaching experiment was also performed to research the nitrogen release behavior of aminated lignin in soil. The results indicated that the amounts of active sites in lignin were significantly increased to 8.26 mmol/g from the original 2.91 mmol/g by phenolation. In addition, the Mannich reaction was highly selective for occurring at ortho- and para-positions of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the phenolated lignin, in which the latter was favored. Moreover, the nitrogen content in the aminated lignin was highly depended on the types of amination reagent instead of the proportion of reactants in this study. Under an optimal condition, aminated lignin with a high nitrogen content (10.13%) and low C/N ratio (6.08) could be obtained. Besides, it was especially noteworthy that the prepared APL in this study has a favorable nitrogen release behavior in soil. Thus, it is believed that these aminated lignin derivatives could be used for the preparation of various lignin-based highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer.
•The chemical reactivity of lignin was significantly improved by phenolation.•The nitrogen content of APL was highly depended on the types of amination reagent.•Ethanediamine is regarded as the most favorable among these selected amination reagents.•An optimum chemosynthesis condition of high N-containing APL was obtained.•A new approach was developed to prepare lignin-based highly efficient fertilizer.
Quaternary climate oscillations and geographical heterogeneity play important roles in determining species and genetic diversity distribution patterns, but how these factors affect the migration and ...differentiation of East Asian plants species at the population level remains poorly understood. The Aquilegia ecalcarata complex, a group that originated in the Late Tertiary and is widely distributed throughout East Asia, displays high genetic variation that is suitable for studying elaborate phylogeographic patterns and demographic history related to the impact of Quaternary climate and geography. We used plastid genome data from 322 individuals in 60 populations of the A. ecalcarata complex to thoroughly explore the impact of Quaternary climate oscillations and geography on the phylogeographic patterns and demographic history of the A. ecalcarata complex through a series of phylogenetic, divergence time estimation, and demographic history analyses. The dry, cold climate and frequent climate oscillations that occurred during the early Pleistocene and the Mid‐Pleistocene transition led to the differentiation of the A. ecalcarata complex, which was isolated in various areas. Geographically, the A. ecalcarata complex can be divided into Eastern and Western Clades and five subclades, which conform to the divergence of the East Asian flora. Our results clearly show the impact of Quaternary climate and geography on evolutionary history at the population level. These findings promote the understanding of the relationship between plant genetic differentiation and climate and geographical factors of East Asia at the population level.
Aims
Programmed cell death protein 1–programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) blockade immunotherapy has shown notable therapeutic benefit in metastatic melanoma, but the clinical relevance of PD‐L1 ...expression remains unclear in melanoma, especially in acral melanoma, which is the most common subtype in Asians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effect of PD‐L1 expression in primary acral melanoma.
Methods and results
We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells and tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and analysed its associations with clinicopathological features and survival in 78 primary acral melanoma patients. We found that expression of PD‐L1 in tumour cells and TILs occurred exclusively in a tumour–stroma interface pattern, consistent with the predominant pattern of TIL distribution. The presence of peritumoral TILs was also associated with high PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells. Furthermore, PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells and that in TILs showed a close relationship (Spearman's rho = 0.381, P = 0.001). However, neither PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells nor that in TILs was significantly correlated with clinicopathological features. In univariate analysis, cases with PD‐L1‐positive TILs had significantly poorer survival than those with PD‐L1‐negative TILs (median disease‐specific survival of 40.7 months versus 78.0 months; P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, PD‐L1 expression in TILs was an independent factor for poor prognosis (P = 0.032), whereas PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells was not significantly correlated with survival in univariate analysis (P = 0.378) and multivariate analysis (P = 0.354).
Conclusion
This is the first study to demonstrate that PD‐L1 expression in TILs, but not that in tumour cells, is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in acral melanoma.
Emerging evidences have indicated that the composition of gut microbiota was significantly influenced by central nervous system diseases. The digestion and metabolism disturbances of patients with ...amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) might be strongly associated with ALS; however, this has rarely been evaluated in these populations. This study was to evaluate bacterial and archaeal composition of gut flora and the corresponding metabolism performance of these micro-organisms in fecal samples of patients with ALS.
A comparative study was performed on the intestinal microbiota from eight patients with ALS and eight healthy individuals at Huadong Hospital during November 2017 to April 2018; meanwhile, the metabolite concentrations of human endotoxin, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), NO2-N/NO3-N, and γ-aminobutyric acid were also evaluated by spectrophotometry methods. The correlations between intestinal microbiota and metabolite concentration were compared between the two groups using one-way analysis of variance; the relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms in fecal samples was also analyzed.
In general, the richness and evenness of bacterial and archaeal communities of healthy individuals were healthier than that of patients with ALS. The phylum Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, genus Methanobrevibacter showed an enhancive tendency in patients with ALS, whereas the relative abundance of beneficial micro-organisms (genera Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides) presented a significant decrease tendency in patients with ALS. In addition, the average concentrations of human endotoxin, SCFA, NO2-N/NO3-N, and γ-aminobutyric acid in patients with ALS and healthy individuals were 64.2 vs. 65.3 EU/mL, 57.5 vs. 55.3 μg/mL, 5.7 vs. 5.3 ng/mL, and 6.1 vs. 5.4 μmol/L, respectively, indicating that the digestion and metabolism functions of gastrointestinal tract of patients might decline with this disease.
The relative abundance of beneficial and harmful micro-organisms respectively showed decrease and increase tendency in patients with ALS.
It is critical to develop a new method to prepare engineered carbon‐based fillers for high‐performance applications. In this article, the functional nanocarbon‐based fillers (FG‐M) composed of ...multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized by a simple self‐assembly reaction under the existence of triethoxyvinylsilane. Based on the FG‐M fillers, the silicone foam composites (FG‐M/SF) were prepared, and the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. Results showed that the FG‐M could effectively improve the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites compared with the single‐filler system (GO/SF and MWNTs/SF). Especially, the composites exhibited the best synergistic effect on electrically, thermal and mechanical enhancement while the ratio of MWNTs and GO was close to 1:1. Moreover, the effect of type and content of fillers on the rheological properties and density of the composites was also studied. The result showed that the FG‐M/SF system has good thixotropic and foaming performance. The FG‐M filler will have a good application prospect in the preparation of high‐performance SF composites.
Aims
This study aimed to investigate the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and chromosomal features of primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC).
Methods and results
We ...retrospectively analysed 13 cases identified on their clinicopathological features and performed fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) on six available cases. Head and neck (46.2%) were most commonly involved. The median age was 53 years, with a male predilection. Histologically, tumours were classified as grades 1 (eight), 2 (four) and 3 with high‐grade transformation (HGT) (one). The HGT component was demonstrated as poorly differentiated carcinoma with multifocal necrosis and myoepithelial differentiation. Patients with one of the following factors: longest diameter of the lesion (≥ 1 cm), involvement of subcutaneous fat tissue and widely infiltrative border had a relatively higher rate of local recurrence, distant metastasis and death. Five of six cases were confirmed to have MYB translocation, while nuclear staining for MYB proto‐oncogene, transcription factor (MYB) protein was found in four cases. During the follow‐up (median = 64 months), two patients experienced local recurrences. One patient, who was classified as grade III PCACC with HGT, developed multiple metastases and died of disease. Another patient was alive with multiple metastases.
Conclusions
This is the largest single‐institution study, to our knowledge, of PCACC in an Asian population. We describe the first case of scalp PCACC with HGT, which is the only death case in our series. PCACC tends to recur locally and has metastatic potential. PCACC with HGT has a poor prognosis.
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