Cell differentiation, proliferation, and death are vital for immune homeostasis. Wnt signaling plays essential roles in processes across species. The roles of Wnt signaling proteins and Wnt ligands ...have been studied in the past, but the context-dependent mechanisms and functions of these pathways in immune responses remain unclear. Recent findings regarding the role of Wnt ligands and Wnt signaling in immune cells and their immunomodulatory mechanisms suggest that Wnt ligands and signaling are significant in regulating immune responses. We introduce recent key findings and future perspectives on Wnt ligands and their signaling pathways in immune cells as well as the immunological roles and functions of Wnt antagonists.
Wnt ligands are important in inducing crucial functions in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, and survival. Wnt ligands and their signaling pathways are therefore important for tissue repair and immune responses.
T cell development and peripheral immune responses of T cells are highly dependent on Wnt pathway components TCF-1 and β-catenin. The importance of canonical Wnt signaling must be interpreted with caution depending on different microenvironments.
Both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways appear to be important for macrophage-mediated tissue injury and repair in major organs (e.g., heart).
Wnt antagonists such as DKK-1 can harbor immunomodulatory functions that are often β-catenin-independent.
We present X-ray timing results of the new black hole candidate MAXI J1535−571 during its 2017 outburst from Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) observations taken from 2017 September 6 to ...23. Following the definitions given by Belloni, we find that the source exhibits transitions from the low/hard state to the hard intermediate state, and eventually to the soft intermediate state. Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are found in the intermediate states, which suggest different types of QPOs. With the large effective area of Insight-HXMT at high energies, we are able to present the energy dependence of the QPO amplitude and centroid frequency up to 100 keV, which has rarely been explored by previous satellites. We also find that the phase lag at the type-C QPOs centroid frequency is negative (soft lag) and strongly correlated with the centroid frequency. Assuming a geometrical origin of type-C QPOs, the source is consistent with being a high-inclination system.
Abstract
We present near-IR (NIR) and optical observations of the Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) SN 2020oi in the galaxy M100 and the broad-lined SN Ic SN 2020bvc in UGC 9379, using Gemini, Las Cumbres ...Observatory, Southern Astrophysical Telescope, and other ground-based telescopes. The NIR spectrum of SN 2020oi at day 63 since the explosion shows strong CO emissions and a rising
K
-band continuum, which is the first unambiguous dust detection from an SN Ic. Non-LTE CO modeling shows that CO is still optically thick and that the lower limit to the CO mass is 10
−3
M
⊙
. The dust temperature is 810 K, and the dust mass is ∼10
−5
M
⊙
. We explore the possibilities that the dust is freshly formed in the ejecta, heated dust in the preexisting circumstellar medium, and an infrared echo. The light curves of SN 2020oi are consistent with a STELLA model with canonical explosion energy, 0.07
M
⊙
Ni mass, and 0.7
M
⊙
ejecta mass. A model of high explosion energy of 10
52
erg, 0.4
M
⊙
Ni mass, and 6.5
M
⊙
ejecta mass with the circumstellar matter reproduces the double-peaked light curves of SN 2020bvc. We observe temporal changes of absorption features of the IR Ca
ii
triplet, S
i
at 1.043
μ
m, and Fe
ii
at 5169 Å. The blueshifted lines indicate high velocities, up to 60,000 km s
−1
for SN 2020bvc and 20,000 km s
−1
for SN 2020oi, and the expansion velocity rapidly declines before the optical maximum. We present modeled spectral signatures and diagnostics of CO and SiO molecular bands between 1.4 and 10
μ
m.
Abstract
SPIDERS (SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV (SDSS-IV) survey running in parallel to the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey ...(eBOSS) cosmology project. SPIDERS will obtain optical spectroscopy for large numbers of X-ray-selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) and galaxy cluster members detected in wide-area eROSITA, XMM–Newton and ROSAT surveys. We describe the methods used to choose spectroscopic targets for two sub-programmes of SPIDERS X-ray selected AGN candidates detected in the ROSAT All Sky and the XMM–Newton Slew surveys. We have exploited a Bayesian cross-matching algorithm, guided by priors based on mid-IR colour–magnitude information from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer survey, to select the most probable optical counterpart to each X-ray detection. We empirically demonstrate the high fidelity of our counterpart selection method using a reference sample of bright well-localized X-ray sources collated from XMM–Newton, Chandra and Swift-XRT serendipitous catalogues, and also by examining blank-sky locations. We describe the down-selection steps which resulted in the final set of SPIDERS-AGN targets put forward for spectroscopy within the eBOSS/TDSS/SPIDERS survey, and present catalogues of these targets. We also present catalogues of ∼12 000 ROSAT and ∼1500 XMM–Newton Slew survey sources that have existing optical spectroscopy from SDSS-DR12, including the results of our visual inspections. On completion of the SPIDERS programme, we expect to have collected homogeneous spectroscopic redshift information over a footprint of ∼7500 deg2 for >85 per cent of the ROSAT and XMM–Newton Slew survey sources having optical counterparts in the magnitude range 17 < r < 22.5, producing a large and highly complete sample of bright X-ray-selected AGN suitable for statistical studies of AGN evolution and clustering.
The enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-dihydrobenzofurans was achieved by using two sequential C-H functionalization reactions, a rhodium-catalyzed enantioselective intermolecular C-H insertion ...followed by a palladium-catalyzed C-H activation/C-O cyclization. Further diversification of the 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran structures was possible by a subsequent palladium-catalyzed intermolecular Heck-type sp(2) C-H functionalization.
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