Various metal-based electrocatalysts from nanocrystals, to clusters and single-atoms, have been well-discovered towards high-efficient power devices and electrocatalytic conversion. To accelerate ...energy transformation materials discovery, developing high-throughput DFT calculations and machine-learning techniques is of great necessity. This review comprehensively outlines the latest progress of theory-guided design of advanced energy transformation materials. Especially, we focus on the study of single atoms in various power devices, such as fuel cell (oxygen reduction reaction, ORR; acid oxidation reaction; alcohol oxidation reaction), and other reactions for energy-related electrocatalytic conversion of small molecules, such as H2O2 evolution reactions (2e− ORR), water splitting (H2 evolution reaction/O2 evolution reaction, HER/OER), N2 reduction reaction (NRR), and CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). Firstly, the electronic structure, interaction mechanism, and reaction activation path are discussed to provide an overall blueprint in electrocatalysis and batteries mentioned above. Thereafter, the experimental synthesis strategies, structural recognition, and electrocatalytic performance for the advanced energy transformation materials are figured out. Finally, some viewpoints into the current issues and future design concept of the advanced energy transformation materials are provided.
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•CRNDE expression was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines.•Increased CRNDE levels were correlated with poor overall survival.•CRNDE promoted NSCLC progression.•LINC00460 acted as a ceRNA in ...NSCLC via sponging miR-338-3p.
The long noncoding RNA colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE) was reported to be involved in the initiation and development of multiple cancers. However, the detailed biological role of CRNDE in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains largely unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore the biological function and underlying molecular mechanism of CRNDE in NSCLC.
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to detect the expression of CRNDE in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, wound-healing, and transwell invasion assays were applied to detect cell proliferation, colony formation, cycle arrest progression, migration and invasion, respectively. Novel targets of CRNDE were selected with bioinformatics software and were confirmed using luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. To detect the role of CRNDE in vivo tumorigenesis, tumor xenografts were created.
CRNDE expression is remarkably upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Upregulated CRNDE expression was positively associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis and poor overall survival of patients with NSCLC. Function assays demonstrated that knockdown of CRNDE significantly inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasionin vitro, and decreased the xenograft tumor volume and weight in vitro. We uncovered that miR-338-3p is a downstream target of CRNDE and that miR-338-3p inhibition partially reversed the CRNDE depletion-mediated inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in NSCLC cells.
These findings indicated that CRNDE functions as an oncogene that exerts important regulatory roles in NSCLC progression via sponging miR-338-3p.
Impeding high temperature sintering is challengeable for synthesis of carbon-supported single-atom catalysts (C-SACs), which requires high-cost precursor and strictly-controlled procedures. Herein, ...by virtue of the ultrastrong polarity of salt melts, sintering of metal atoms is effectively suppressed. Meanwhile, doping with inorganic sulfur anions not only produces sufficient anchoring sites to achieve high loading of atomically dispersed Co up to 13.85 wt.%, but also enables their electronic and geometric structures to be well tuned. When served as a cathode catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells, the C-SAC with Co-N
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moieties exhibits high activity towards the iodide reduction reaction (IRR), achieving a higher power conversion efficiency than that of conventional Pt counterpart. Density function theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the superior IRR activity was ascribed to the unique structure of Co-N
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moieties with lower reaction barriers and moderate binding energy of iodine on the Co center, which was beneficial to I
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dissociation.
Numerous differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury using RNA-Seq analysis. However, little is known about whether and ...how lncRNAs are involved in cerebral I/R injury. In this study, we investigated the function of the lncRNA Oprm1 in cerebral I/R injury and explored the underlying mechanism. An oxygen-glucose deprivation model in N2a cells was utilized to mimic cerebral I/R injury in vitro. Trypan blue staining, terminal deoxytransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling and caspase-3 were measured to evaluate apoptosis. Middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in mice to evaluate the function of lncRNA Oprm1 in vivo. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expression levels of lncRNA Opmr1, caspase-3, miR-155, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. lncRNA Oprm1 was mainly located in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of lncRNA Oprm1 alleviated the apoptosis induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation and significantly reduced cleaved caspase-3 levels. Infarct size was distinctly decreased in the lncRNA Oprm1-overexpression group. The neurological score was also improved. Our findings showed that the lncRNA Oprm1/miR-155/GATA3 axis plays an important role in cerebral I/R injury. lncRNA Oprm1 may attenuate cerebral injury through the NF-κB pathway. lncRNA Oprm1 may serve as a potential target for new therapeutic interventions in patients with ischemic stroke.
LncRNA PLAC2 has been characterized as a tumor suppressive lncRNA in glioma. We investigated the role of PLAC2 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
A total of 187 NSCLC patients were admitted by ...The First Hospital of Jilin University from December 2010 to December 2014. All the patients were diagnosed by histopathological approaches. Transient cell transfections, RT-qPCR, invasion, and migration ability measurement, were applied for the experiments.
PLAC2 was down-regulated, while miR-21 was up-regulated in NSCLC tissues compared to non-cancer tissues. Low PLAC2 levels in NSCLC tissues were associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. PLAC2 and miR-21 were inversely correlated, and PLAC 2 over-expression in NSCLC cells resulted in the down-regulation of miR-21. However, miR-21 over-expression did not significantly affect PLAC2 expression. In addition, PLAC2 over-expression resulted in decreased migration and invasion rates of NSCLC cells. MiR-21 over-expression played the opposite role and attenuated the effects of PLAC2 over-expression.
In conclusion, lncRNA PLAC2 down-regulated miR-21 in NSCLC and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion.
Sprouty (Spry) proteins have been implicated in cancer progression, but their role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subtype of lethal and aggressive breast cancer, is unknown. Here, we ...reported that Spry1 is significantly expressed in TNBC specimen and MDA-MB-231 cells. To understand Spry1 regulation of signaling events controlling breast cancer phenotype, we used lentiviral delivery of human Spry1 shRNAs to suppress Spry1 expression in MDA-MB-231, an established TNBC cell line. Spry1 knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells displayed an epithelial phenotype with increased membrane E-cadherin expression. Knockdown of Spry1 impaired MDA-MB-231 cell migration, Matrigel invasion, and anchorage-dependent and -independent growth. Tumor xenografts originating from Spry1 knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells grew slower, had increased E-cadherin expression, and yielded fewer lung metastases compared to control. Furthermore, suppressing Spry1 in MDA-MB-231 cells impaired the induction of Snail and Slug expression by EGF, and this effect was associated with increased EGFR degradation and decreased EGFR/Grb2/Shp2/Gab1 signaling complex formation. The same phenotype was also observed in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-157. Together, our results show that unlike in some tumors, where Spry may mediate tumor suppression, Spry1 plays a selective role in at least a subset of TNBC to promote the malignant phenotype via enhancing EGF-mediated mesenchymal phenotype.
Background
Lung cancer features extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), obtained by bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar perfusion, can provide information ...on the cellular components of the lung microenvironment to assist with diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer.
Methods
BALF was performed using a flexible bronchofiberscope. Exosomes were collected by ultracentrifugation. ELISA detected the amount of E‐cadherin. Transmission electron microscopic, ELISA and WB were conducted to identify the existence of the exosomes. Transwell and Wound healing assays were used to detect the ability of migration and invasion.
Results
We identified the existence of exosomes in BALF. Furthermore, we observed larger amounts of E‐cadherin in the BALF obtained from patients with lung cancer than in the control obtained from the healthy side of pneumonia. Exosomes from lung cancer groups promoted the migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells.
Conclusion
The exosomes from lung cancer BALF promoted the migration and invasion of A549 cancer cells by carrying E‐cadherin. E‐cadherin on the surface of exosomes may act through a VE‐cadherin dependent mechanism and induce lung cancer metastasis.
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases annually in the present scenario of research. One of the sources for further therapy is the CKD prediction where the Machine learning ...techniques become more important in medical diagnosis due to their high accuracy classification ability. In the recent past, the accuracy of classification algorithms depends on the proper use of algorithms for feature selection to reduce the data size. In this paper, Heterogeneous Modified Artifical Neural Network (HMANN) has been proposed for the early detection, segmentation, and diagnosis of chronic renal failure on the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) platform. Furthermore, the proposed HMANN is classified as a Support Vector Machine and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) with a Backpropagation (BP) algorithm. The proposed algorithm works based on an ultrasound image which is denoted as a preprocessing step and the region of kidney interest is segmented in the ultrasound image. In kidney segmentation, the proposed HMANN method achieves high accuracy and significantly reducing the time to delineate the contour.
•We present a deep learning-based method for the detection of chronic renal disease.•The Proposed method reduces the noise and helps to segment the kidney image.•Our method achieves high accuracy and significantly reducing the time to delineate the contour.
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