This study evaluated the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the alveolar repair of rats with major risk factors for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). ...Senile rats received 0.45 ml of vehicle (VEH and VEH/aPDT) or 0.45 ml of zoledronate (ZOL and ZOL/aPDT) every three days for seven weeks. After three weeks of treatment, the first lower left molar was extracted. VEH/aPDT and ZOL/aPDT were submitted to aPDT on the extraction site at 0, 2 and 4 days postoperatively. Euthanasia was performed 28 days postoperatively and the extraction site was evaluated by clinical, histological, histometric, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. ZOL showed tissue repair impairment; lower percentage of newly formed bone tissue (NFBT); higher percentage of non-vital bone tissue (NVBT); fewer mature collagen fibers and increased immunolabeling for tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. ZOL/aPDT showed clinical and histological characteristics of the extraction site, percentage of NFBT and percentage of mature collagen fiber similar to VEH. Percentage of NVBT and immunolabeling for inflammatory cytokines in ZOL/aPDT was lower than in ZOL. Immunolabeling for tartarato-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was lower in ZOL and ZOL/aPDT. aPDT in the dental extraction site improves tissue repair process and prevents the occurrence of BRONJ-like lesions after tooth extraction.
•Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) is a serious adverse effect of therapies with anti-resorptive drugs.•BRONJ is a difficult to treat condition.•Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was effective, safe and able to prevent the occurrence of BRONJ-like lesions in rats.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the highest energy messengers in the universe, with energies up to 10
20
eV. Studies of astrophysical particles (nuclei, electrons, neutrinos and photons) ...at their highest observed energies have implications for fundamental physics as well as astrophysics. The primary particles interact in the atmosphere (or in the Earth) and generate extensive air showers. Analysis of those showers enables one not only to estimate the energy, direction and most probable mass of the primary cosmic particles, but also to obtain information about the properties of their hadronic interactions at energies more than one order of magnitude above that accessible with the current highest energy human-made accelerator. The Pierre Auger Observatory, located in the province of Mendoza, Argentina, is the largest cosmic ray experiment ever built. The observatory was designed as a hybrid detector covering an area of 3000 km
2
and has been taking data for almost twenty years. In this paper, a selection of the latest results is presented: the cosmic ray energy spectrum, studies of hadronic physics, searches for a directional anisotropy and studies of mass composition (including the photon and neutrino searches). Finally, the current upgrade (“AugerPrime”) of the observatory, which is mostly aimed at improving the sensitivity to the particle type and mass of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, is described.
Abstract This study evaluated the impact of peri-implant treatment in the salivary levels of Colony stimulator factor-1 (CSF-1), S100A8/A9 and S100A12 in patients having mucositis or ...peri-implantitis. As a secondary aim, we analysed the correlation between the salivary and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels. Forty-seven patient, 27 having mucositis (mean age 63.11+-7.78) and 20 having peri-implantitis (61.25+-7.01) participated in the study. Clinical parameters, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, % of plaque and bleeding on probing were evaluated. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all patients, while PICF was collected only from a patient's subgroup (n=20). Samples were collected before and 3 months after peri-implant treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays determined levels of CSF-1, S100A8/A9 and S100A12. Clinical parameters improved and salivary levels of CSF-1 and S100A8/A9, but not S100A12, reduced significantly after treatment in both groups. No significant correlation was found in the salivary and PICF levels of the same molecule. In conclusion, the treatment of peri-implant disease significantly improved the clinical parameters and reduced the salivary levels of CSF-1 and S100A8/A9. The salivary expressions of CSF-1, S100A8/A9 and S100A12 did not correlate with their own expression in PICF.
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the highest energy messengers of the present universe, with energies up to 1020 eV. Studies of astrophysical particles (nuclei, electrons, neutrinos and ...photons) at their highest observed energies have implications for fundamental physics as well as astrophysics. The primary particles interact in the atmosphere and generate extensive air showers. Analysis of those showers enables one not only to estimate the energy, direction and most probable mass of the primary cosmic particles, but also to obtain information about the properties of their hadronic interactions at an energy more than one order of magnitude above that accessible with the current highest energy human-made accelerator. In this contribution we will review the state-of-the-art in UHECRs detection. We will present the leading experiments Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array and discuss the cosmic ray energy spectrum, searches for directional anisotropy, studies of mass composition, the determination of the number of shower muons (which is sensitive to the shower hadronic interactions) and the proton-air cross section.
•Periodontal disease and dementia are common diseases in the older adults.•14 articles meeting our inclusion criteria in the systematic review.•The meta-analysis was conducted with 4 ...articles.•Dementia patients seemed to present worsened periodontal conditions.
Despite clinical trials and reviews attempt to assess a possible relationship between dementia and periodontal disease, no meta-analysis has been performed and this issue remains undetermined. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess severity of periodontitis in subjects with dementia.
The search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase/MEDLINE. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk bias (Newcastle–Ottawa scale). Meta-analyses were performed using the means of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) in patients with or without dementia. The mean difference were analyzed (P ≤ 0.05).
Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review. In the qualitative analysis, most studies reported higher prevalence of periodontal disease in dementia patients. The studies had low risk of bias and two meta-analyses were performed for each parameter, including or not a cross-sectional study. The meta-analyses including the cross-sectional study demonstrated significant association between dementia and periodontal disease (mean difference: PD = 1.41; CAL = 1.40, P < 0.05), however, it wasn’t confirmed when the cross-sectional study was removed (1.25 mm, P < 0.22) and CAL (1.20 mm, P < 0.22).
Although the qualitative analysis have suggested worse periodontal conditions in dementia patients, due to different study types and the high heterogeneity among them, the meta-analysis does not support the association between dementia and severity of periodontal disease.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic neutrinos (UHE), with energies above 100 PeV, are unparalleled probes of the most energetic astrophysical sources and weak interactions at energies beyond the reach of ...accelerators. GRAND is an envisioned observatory of UHE particles - neutrinos, cosmic rays, and gamma rays - consisting of 200,000 radio antennas deployed in sub-arrays at different locations worldwide. GRAND aims to detect the radio emission from air showers induced by UHE particle interactions in the atmosphere and underground. For neutrinos, it aims to reach a flux sensitivity of \(\sim 10^{-10}\) GeV cm\(^{-2}\) s\(^{-1}\) sr\(^{-1}\), with a sub-degree angular resolution, which would allow it to test the smallest predicted diffuse fluxes of UHE neutrinos and to discover point sources. The GRAND Collaboration operates three prototype detector arrays simultaneously: GRAND@Nançay in France, GRANDProto300 in China, and GRAND@Auger in Argentina. The primary purpose of GRAND@Nan\c cay is to serve as a testbench for hardware and triggering systems. On the other hand, GRANDProto300 and GRAND@Auger are exploratory projects that pave the way for future stages of GRAND. GRANDProto300 is being built to demonstrate autonomous radio-detection of inclined air showers and study cosmic rays near the proposed transition between galactic and extragalactic sources. All three arrays are in the commissioning stages. It is expected that by 2028, the detector units of the final design could be produced and deployed, marking the establishment of two GRAND10k arrays in the Northern and Southern hemispheres. We will survey preliminary designs, simulation results, construction plans, and the extensive research program made possible by GRAND.
We present a measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum above 100 PeV using the part of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory that has a spacing of 750 m. An inflection of the spectrum is ...observed, confirming the presence of the so-called second-knee feature. The spectrum is then combined with that of the 1500 m array to produce a single measurement of the flux, linking this spectral feature with the three additional breaks at the highest energies. The combined spectrum, with an energy scale set calorimetrically via fluorescence telescopes and using a single detector type, results in the most statistically and systematically precise measurement of spectral breaks yet obtained. These measurements are critical for furthering our understanding of the highest energy cosmic rays.
The Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) is an envisioned observatory of ultra-high-energy particles of cosmic origin, with energies in excess of 100 PeV. GRAND uses large surface arrays ...of autonomous radio-detection units to look for the radio emission from extensive air showers that are triggered by the interaction of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, gamma rays, and neutrinos in the atmosphere or underground. In particular, for ultra-high-energy neutrinos, the future final phase of GRAND aims to be sensitive enough to discover them in spite of their plausibly tiny flux. Presently, three prototype GRAND radio arrays are in operation: GRANDProto300, in China, GRAND@Auger, in Argentina, and GRAND@Nancay, in France. Their goals are to field-test the design of the radio-detection units, understand the radio background to which they are exposed, and develop tools for diagnostic, data gathering, and data analysis. This list of contributions to the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023) presents an overview of GRAND, in its present and future incarnations, and a look at the first data collected by GRANDProto13, the first phase of GRANDProto300.
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are the highest energy messengers of the present universe, with energies up to \(10^{20}\) eV. Studies of astrophysical particles (nuclei, electrons, neutrinos ...and photons) at their highest observed energies have implications for fundamental physics as well as astrophysics. The primary particles interact in the atmosphere and generate extensive air showers. Analysis of those showers enables one not only to estimate the energy, direction and most probable mass of the primary cosmic particles, but also to obtain information about the properties of their hadronic interactions at an energy more than one order of magnitude above that accessible with the current highest energy human-made accelerator. In this contribution we will review the state-of-the-art in UHECRs detection. We will present the leading experiments Pierre Auger Observatory and Telescope Array and discuss the cosmic ray energy spectrum, searches for directional anisotropy, studies of mass composition, the determination of the number of shower muons (which is sensitive to the shower hadronic interactions) and the proton-air cross section.
The guidelines on allergic rhinitis aim to update knowledge about the disease and care for affected patients. The initiative called “Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma”, initially published ...in 2001 and updated in 2008 and 2010, has been very successful in disseminating information and evidence, as well as providing a classification of severity and proposing a systemized treatment protocol. In order to include the participation of other medical professionals in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, it is important to develop algorithms that accurately indicate what should and can be done regionally.
To update the III Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis – 2012, with the creation of an algorithm for allergic rhinitis management.
We invited 24 experts nominated by the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology, Brazilian Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery and Brazilian Society of Pediatrics to update the 2012 document.
The update of the last Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis incorporated and adapted the relevant information published in all “Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma” Initiative documents to the Brazilian scenario, bringing new concepts such as local allergic rhinitis, new drugs and treatment evaluation methods.
A flowchart for allergic rhinitis treatment has been proposed.
As diretrizes sobre rinite alérgica visam atualizar os conhecimentos sobre a doença e os cuidados para com esses pacientes. A iniciativa designada “Rinite Alérgica e seu Impacto na Asma”, cujo relatório inicial foi publicado em 2001 e atualizada em 2008 e 2010, tem sido muito bem sucedida na disseminação de informações e evidências, bem como na formulação da classificação de gravidade e proposta de sistematização do tratamento. Entretanto, visando a participação de outros profissionais médicos no atendimento da rinite alérgica, é importante o desenvolvimento de algoritmos que indiquem com precisão o que deve e pode ser feito regionalmente.
Atualizar o III Consenso Brasileiro sobre Rinites-2012, com elaboração de algoritmo para conduta da rinite alérgica.
Foram convidados 24 especialistas indicados pelas Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia, Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial e Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria para atualização do documento de 2012.
A atualização do último Consenso Brasileiro sobre Rinites, incorporou e adaptou para a realidade brasileira as informações relevantes publicadas em todos os documentos da Iniciativa “Rinite Alérgica e seu Impacto na Asma”, trazendo novos conceitos como a rinite alérgica local, novos medicamentos e métodos de avaliação de tratamento.
Proposto um fluxograma de tratamento para a rinite alérgica.
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