The tumor microenvironment regulates tissue development and homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to neoplastic progression. Increased expression of type X collagen α‐1 (ColXα1) in ...tumor‐associated stroma correlates with poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancers. Evaluation of ColXα1 expression patterns suggests a potential connection with elastin fibers. To investigate the possible interaction between ColXα1 and elastin, we evaluated the expression of ColXα1 in relation to elastin fibers in normal breast tissue, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive breast carcinomas at cellular and subcellular levels. Our findings demonstrate that ColXα1 colocalizes with elastin in invasive breast cancer‐associated stroma by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. In 212 invasive breast carcinomas, this complex was aberrantly and selectively expressed in tumor extracellular matrix in 79% of ER+/HER2−, 80% of ER+/HER2+, 76% of ER−/HER2+, and 58% of triple negative breast cancers. In contrast, ColXα1 was generally absent, while elastin was present perivascularly in normal breast tissue. ColXα1 and elastin were coexpressed in 58% of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in periductal areas. In mass‐forming DCIS with desmoplastic stroma, the complex was intensely expressed in periductal areas as well as within the tumor‐associated stroma in all cases. Our data suggest that the breast carcinoma neoplastic process may involve aberrant expression of ColXα1 and elastin in the tumor microenvironment emerging early at the DCIS stage. Enrichment of these complexes in tumor‐associated stroma may represent a stromal signature indicative of intrinsic differences between breast cancers. These findings shed light on investigation into the role of aberrant collagen complex expression in tumorigenesis and tumor progression which may be leveraged in therapeutic and theranostic applications.
Finger millet is a calcium-rich cereal crop of the grass family. The transcriptome data for finger millet is available at NCBI. It is of interest to annotate and characterize starch synthase enzyme ...from finger millet transcriptome data. Starch synthase plays an important role in the elongation of glucan chains during the formation of starch. The starch synthase enzyme is characterized using three domains (Glyco_transf_5, Glycos_transf_1 and Glyco_trans_1_4). Binding sites for GLC (alpha-d-glucose), PLP (Pyridoxal-5'- phosphate), AMP (Adenosine monophosphate) and GOL (Glycerol) are found. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the finger millet starch synthase is similar to the granule-bound starch synthase of Oryza sativa and Concrete amaricanus. We report the sequence (GenBank accession number KY648917) and the structural model of finger millet starch synthase (PMDB ID: PM0081600).
Background: Stature estimation by hand dimension is one of the common parameters in anthropometry but using the handprints for the same and its positive correlation with height of the subject, makes ...it a more useful parameter for identification of suspects who have left hand prints at the crime scene.1. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 150 (75 males and 75 females) healthy subjects after taking voluntary informed consent. Stature was measured by stadiometer and hand and hand print dimension were measured by vernier caliper. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: All parameter’s measurement were higher in male as compared to female subjects and shown range of weak to strong but positive correlation with height. Maximum positive correlation was observed in total population whereas minimum positive correlation was observed in between left hand breadth and left hand print breadth with height in female subjects. All the parameters were shown statistically significant correlation with height as p value was less than 0.05. Conclusion: The regression models thus formed is able to predict stature would be beneficial in challenges of identification of humans.
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