The International Refugee Match Jones, Will; Teytelboym, Alexander
Refugee survey quarterly,
06/2017, Letnik:
36, Številka:
2
Journal Article
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There is an urgent need to overcome the political deadlock preventing States from substantively participating in burden-sharing in the international refugee regime, and, in particular, finding ...solutions to the European refugee crisis. We propose a centralised clearinghouse – a “two-sided matching system” – to match refugees with States. Drawing on the success of matching in domains, such as education and healthcare, we outline the principles underlying matching system design and illustrate in general terms how they could be applied to refugee protection. This matching system respects the priorities of States and gives agency to refugees. Matching systems can operate independently or alongside other burden-sharing mechanisms, such as tradable refugee quotas (as suggested by Fernández-Huertas Moraga and Rapoport). We then move to consider two specific empirical cases: international resettlement and the European migrant crisis.
This paper presents the Vega robot, which is a small, low cost, potentially disposable ground robot designed for nuclear decommissioning. Vega has been developed specifically to support ...characterization and inspection operations, such as 2D and 3D mapping, radiation scans and sample retrieval. The design and construction methodology that was followed to develop the robot is described and its capabilities detailed. Vega was designed to provide flexibility, both in software and hardware, is controlled via tele‐operation, although it can be extended to semi and full autonomy, and can be used in either tethered or untethered configurations. A version of the tethered robot was designed for extreme radiation tolerance, utilizing relay electronics and removing active electronic systems. Vega can be outfitted with a multitude of sensors and actuators, including gamma spectrometers, alpha/beta radiation sensors, LiDARs and robotic arms. To demonstrate its flexibility, a 5 degree‐of‐freedom manipulator has been successfully integrated onto Vega, facilitating deployments where handling is required. To assess the tolerance of Vega to the levels of ionizing radiation that may be found in decommissioning environments, its individual components were irradiated, allowing estimates to be made of the length of time Vega would be able to continue to operate in nuclear environments. Vega has been successfully deployed in an active environment at the Dounreay nuclear site in the UK, deployed in nonactive environments at the Atomic Weapons Establishment, and demonstrated to many other organizations in the UK nuclear industry including Sellafield Ltd, with the goal of moving to active deployments in the future.
A legacy emphasis was one of the fundamental pillars of the London 2012 Olympic Games. The notion of an Olympic legacy was predicated on assumptions that the event's value would not purely derive ...from the sporting spectacle, but rather from the 'success' of enduring effects met out in London and across the country. For physical education students and practitioners, Olympic legacy agendas translated into persistent pressure to increase inspiration, engagement, participation and performance in the subject, sport and physical activity. Responding to this context, and cognizant of significant disciplinary scholarship, this paper reports initial data from the first phase of a longitudinal study involving Key Stage Three (students aged 11-13) cohorts in two comparable United Kingdom schools: the first an inner-city (core) London school adjacent to the Olympic Park in Stratford, East London (n = 150); the second a (peripheral) school in the Midlands (n = 198). The research involved the use of themed questionnaires focusing on self-reported attitudes towards the Olympic Games and experiences of physical education, sport and physical activity. Students from both schools demonstrated a wide variety of attitudes towards physical education and sport; yet, minor variances emerged regarding extreme enthusiasm levels. Both cohorts also expressed considerably mixed feelings towards the impending Olympic Games. Strong and variable responses were also reported regarding inspiration levels, ticketing acquisition and engagement levels. Consequently, this investigation can be read within the broader context of legacy debates and aligns well with physical educationalists' ongoing discomfort regarding legacy imperatives being enforced upon the discipline and its practitioners. Our work reiterates a shared disciplinary scepticism that while an Olympic Games may temporarily affect young peoples' affectations for sport (and maybe physical education and physical activity), it may not provide the best, or most appropriate, mechanism for sustained attitudinal and/or social changes en masse.
Glioblastoma (GB), an aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system, represents about 60% of all adult primary brain tumors. It is notorious for its extremely low (~5%) 5-year survival rate ...which signals the unsatisfactory results of the standard protocol for GB therapy. This issue has become, over time, the impetus for the discipline of bringing novel therapeutics to the surface and challenging them so they can be improved. The cell-based approach in treating GB found its way to clinical trials thanks to a marvelous number of preclinical studies that probed various types of cells aiming to combat GB and increase the survival rate. In this review, we aimed to summarize and discuss the up-to-date preclinical studies that utilized stem cells or immune cells to treat GB. Likewise, we tried to summarize the most recent clinical trials using both cell categories to treat or prevent recurrence of GB in patients. As with any other therapeutics, cell-based therapy in GB is still hampered by many drawbacks. Therefore, we highlighted several novel techniques, such as the use of biomaterials, scaffolds, nanoparticles, or cells in the 3D context that may depict a promising future when combined with the cell-based approach.
Abstract
Once refugees are granted protection in a particular host country, there is little concern about where in that country they are settled. Yet this matters enormously for refugees' chances to ...prosper in the new country and for the willingness of the local community to welcome them. We propose a centralized clearinghouse-a 'two-sided matching system'-to match refugees with localities. Drawing on the success of matching in domains such as public school choice, we outline principles underlying matching-system design, and illustrate in general terms how they could be applied to refugee protection. This matching system respects the priorities and capacities of localities and gives agency to refugees. As an example, we describe in detail how such a system could work to meet the British government's commitment to resettle 20,000 Syrian refugees by 2020.
Effective partnerships between parents, teachers and the community have universally been heralded as crucial to improving young Indigenous Australians' participation in early childhood education and ...their literacy development. This study of one remote preschool setting in and aboriginal community on Western Cape York in far north Queensland identifies the features that successfully framed family-school and community-led partnerships there. This account is based on reported experiences with Parents and Learning (PaL), a long-established program, and Mums n Bubs, a recent initiative in the community preschool. Mothers said they felt empowered when equal value and respect were accorded to them as key participants in what the authors have described as a 'yarning space'. This was a jointly constructed space and an intercultural strategy centred on the preschool where everyone listened carefully and respectfully to each other, helping to build and lead a literacy learning community. The co-researchers were privileged to be invited into this space to hear the mothers speak with pride of their achievements. Author abstract, ed
We determine whether the Clinical Frailty Scale applied at emergency department (ED) triage is associated with important service- and patient-related outcomes.
We undertook a single-center, ...retrospective cohort study examining hospital-related outcomes and their associations with frailty scores assessed at ED triage. Participants were aged 65 years or older, registered on their first ED presentation during the study period at a single, centralized ED in the United Kingdom. Baseline data included age, sex, Clinical Frailty Scale score, National Early Warning Score–2 and the Charlson Comorbidity Index score; outcomes included length of stay, readmissions (any future admissions), and mortality (inhospital or out of hospital) up to 2 years after ED presentation. Survival analysis methods (standard and competing risks) were applied to assess associations between ED triage frailty scores and outcomes. Unadjusted incidence curves and adjusted hazard ratios are presented.
A total of 52,562 individuals representing 138,328 ED attendances were included; participants’ mean age was 78.0 years, and 55% were women. Initial admission rates generally increased with frailty. Mean length of stay after 30- or 180-day follow-up was relatively low; all Clinical Frailty Scale categories included patients who experienced zero days’ length of stay (ie, ambulatory care) and patients with relatively high numbers of inhospital days. Overall, 46% of study participants were readmitted by the 2-year follow-up. Readmissions increased with Clinical Frailty Scale score up until a score of 6 and then attenuated. Mortality rates increased with increasing frailty; the adjusted hazard ratio was 3.6 for Clinical Frailty Scale score 7 to 8 compared with score 1 to 3.
Frailty assessed at ED triage (with the Clinical Frailty Scale) is associated with adverse outcomes in older people. Its use in ED triage might aid immediate clinical decisionmaking and service configuration.
This article brings together the literature on 'electoral authoritarian regimes' with the sub-fields of diaspora studies and transnationalism to evaluate the potential of political parties in exile ...to be forces for positive change in Rwanda. With this in mind, the article asks one simple question: is the participation of the Rwandan opposition in exile in electoral processes back home likely to be a positive force for change? It concludes that, in Rwanda at least, elections cannot be won transnationally. As such, those hoping for a more democratic Rwanda should look elsewhere. Operating in a transnational space appears to make life harder for the opposition, but not the Rwandan state. Further, the division, inconsistency, sudden shifts, splits, and volte-face of Rwanda's diasporic opposition is produced, at least in part, by the competitive authoritarian nature of Rwanda. What the Rwandan case reveals, then, is at least one instance where unfair elections do not make future liberalisation more likely.
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a molecule that plays an important role in cancer. Low concentrations in H2O2 have an important physiological role in signalling whilst higher concentrations can induce ...cell death. Current sensors for cellular monitoring of H2O2 are fragile and widely used for recording over a duration of minutes. Our study focused on developing a robust sensing device that can be used for sustained cellular monitoring of H2O2 to provide vital insight into its role in cancer. We made composite electrodes using varying compositions of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and platinum black (PtB). These electrodes were investigated using different electroanalytical approaches, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We found that a composition containing 15% MWCNT and 20% PtB was the most sensitive for H2O2 detection. This electrode had a limit of detection of 17 nM and a sensitivity of 73.3 ± 1.1 A M−1 cm−2 when normalised for the conductive surface area. The composite electrode was able to provide stable current responses over 200 min. To evaluate the sensor, measurements in breast cancer cells were conducted, where administration of the pro-oxidant tert-Butyl hydroperoxide increased H2O2 levels. This response was validated using a reactive oxygen species sensitive dye and confocal imaging. Our findings showcase that MWCNT PtB composite electrodes have excellent sensitivity and provide the ability to conduct sustained measurement. This approach towards sensor development can be suitable for monitoring different reactive species which are of paramount importance in complex biological environments.
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