Starting from the construct absorptive capacity, this study separately treats its two dimensions – potential absorptive capacity (PACAP) and realized absorptive capacity (RACAP) – and analyzes their ...influence on innovation outcomes (IO) in project teams. We also examine potential absorptive capacity as an antecedent of realized absorptive capacity. In addition, we propose that relational learning (RL) will play a moderator role reinforcing the PACAP and RACAP link. Consequently, this paper builds and tests a conditional process model. Data was collected from a sample of 110 project managers of firms belonging to the Spanish automotive components manufacturing sector. Results from variance-based structural equation modeling and PROCESS tool show that RACAP fully mediates the influence of the PACAP on IO, and this indirect effect is positively conditioned by RL. This paper provides evidence that when RL achieves a low value, this indirect influence is not different from zero.
To remain competitive within the current, uncertain business scenario, it is vital for firms to develop capabilities that lead them to adapt and offer quick responses to market changes. Under the ...dynamic capabilities view of the firm, this paper proposes a model that presents an exhaustive analysis of two relevant research gaps: (i) the underlying relationships that determine the impact exerted by each of the four organizational culture typologies, comprised in Cameron and Quinn’s Competing Values Framework on organizational agility and, (ii) the contingency effect exerted by a key environmental factor, the industry’s technology intensity. An empirical study is performed to test the relationships proposed, using data collected from 172 Spain-based companies. To examine the contingency effect of technology intensity, the sample is divided into two subsamples, high and medium tech companies. This work uses partial least squares path-modeling, a variance-based structural equations modeling technique, in order to test and validate the research model and hypotheses posited. In addition, thorough analyses are carried out to assess the predictive performance of our model.
Drawing on the information technology (IT)‐enabled capabilities perspective, this study develops a model that extends our knowledge of the mechanisms through which IT contributes to business value. ...Specifically, we provide new insights to the stream of research that proposes organizational agility to be a higher order capability enabled by information systems (IS) capabilities that impacts firm performance, and we test the contingency effect of an important environmental factor—the technology intensity of the industry. To empirically study the proposed relationships, data were collected from 153 Spain‐based firms and analyzed using a partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results indicate that IS capabilities positively affect firm performance through the full mediation of organizational agility. Furthermore, a multigroup analysis reveals that the impact of IS capabilities on organizational agility is greater for companies in high‐tech intensity industries than for those in medium‐tech intensity industries. An important implication is the identification of some capabilities that might jointly enhance firm performance through their interplay, as well as the external environmental factors that influence these relationships. When designing firms’ IT strategies, managers seeking to optimize firm performance should embed appropriate IS capabilities into the key business processes to enable an agile response in the organization.
Many studies uphold innovation as a key factor in creating and sustaining a firm's competitive advantage. This research explores this topic by developing the links between a firm's innovation ...outcomes, overall performance, and process of organizational unlearning. This study empirically tests the mediating role of innovation outcomes in the relationship between organizational unlearning and overall performance. Furthermore, this study recognizes the moderating role of firm size in reducing the strong link between organizational unlearning and innovation outcomes.
This study constructs a conditional process model and uses a sample of 145 firms from Spanish automotive components manufacturing sector. This study employs variance-based structural equation modeling and the PROCESS tool to analyze data.
Results show that innovation outcomes partially mediate organizational unlearning influence on overall performance, and that firm size negatively affects this indirect effect.
Findings can guide managers to establish policies that foster unlearning, allow for new knowledge, and enable innovation, which may in turn enhance firm performance.
To better understand the detraining effects in soccer, the purpose of the study was to analyse if performance level of soccer players modulate repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and intermittent endurance ...changes during 2-weeks of detraining (i.e., in-season break). Seventeen professional and sixteen young elite soccer players of two different teams performed, before and after 2-weeks of detraining, the RSA test and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test, level 1 (YYIR1). Before detraining, professional players perform better (p < 0.05) RSA best time (RSAbest) than young players. A decrease (p < 0.05) in RSAbest, RSA total time (RSAtotal) and mean time (RSAmean) performance was observed in both teams, without changes in RSA fatigue index (Sdec). No significant changes in distance covered during YYIR1 was observed in any team. Before detraining, faster players from both teams (FG) (following the median split technique, soccer players with RSAbest ≤ 3.95 s) performed better (p < 0.01) in RSAtotal, RSAmean and RSAbest, but worse (p < 0.01) in Sdec. Although FG and the slower players (SG, RSAbest > 3.95 s) showed a worse (p < 0.05) RSAtotal, RSAbest and RSAmean performance after detraining (ES = 1.5, 1.4 and 2.9; ES = 0.6, 1.2 and 0.6; for FG and SG, respectively), the deterioration was greater in the FG for RSAbest (p < 0.05) and RSAtotal (ES = 1.46). After detraining, FG improved (p < 0.05) Sdec performance. In conclusion, a 2-week in-season break (detraining) period induced a worse RSA, with no effect on intermittent endurance in professional and elite young soccer players, with greater detrimental effects on RSAtotal and RSAbest in FG. In addition, Sdec does not seem to be sensitive to changes in RSA after a 2-week in-season break.
Kainate receptors: from synaptic activity to disease Negrete‐Díaz, José Vicente; Falcón‐Moya, Rafael; Rodríguez‐Moreno, Antonio
The FEBS journal,
September 2022, 2022-09-00, 20220901, Letnik:
289, Številka:
17
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Kainate receptors (KARs) are glutamate receptors that participate in the postsynaptic transmission of information and in the control of neuronal excitability, as well as presynaptically modulating ...the release of the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate. These modulatory effects, general follow a biphasic pattern, with low KA concentrations provoking an increase in GABA and glutamate release, and higher concentrations mediating a decrease in the release of these neurotransmitters. In addition, KARs are involved in different forms of long‐ and short‐term plasticity. Importantly, altered activity of these receptors has been implicated in different central nervous system diseases and disturbances. Here, we describe the pre‐ and postsynaptic actions of KARs, and the possible role of these receptors in disease, a field that has seen significant progress in recent years.
Kainate receptors (KARs) located in the axons of interneurons contacting CA1 pyramidal cells (PC) mediate a decrease in GABA release altering the excitation/inhibition balance. KARs located at CA1 pyramidal neurons increase excitability of these cells by decreasing the after hyperpolarization currents altering the excitation/inhibition balance in the same direction. This unbalance mediated by the activation of pre‐ and postsynaptic KARs is one proposed mechanism for epilepsy in the hippocampus.
This review examines the current literature focused on nomophobia (objectives, methodological design, main variables, sample details, and measurement methods) in the Scopus and Web of Science ...databases. To this end, we conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines. The initial sample consisted of 142 articles, of which 42 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in detail. The findings show that the current research is in an exploratory phase, with a greater predominance of descriptive, nonexperimental, and cross-sectional studies that explore the prevalence of nomophobia mainly in adolescents and university students. The most widely used measurement instrument is the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) proposed by Yildrim and Correia. In addition, the research suggests that nomophobia negatively affects personality, self-esteem, anxiety, stress, academic performance, and other physical and mental health problems. We are therefore faced with a health problem, which negatively affects a person, causing psychological problems and physical and behavioral changes.
Background
Senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐GAL) histochemistry is the most commonly used biomarker of cellular senescence. These SA‐β‐GAL‐positive cells are senescent embryonic cells that ...are usually removed by apoptosis from the embryo, followed by macrophage‐mediated clearance.
Results
Some authors have proposed that SA‐β‐GAL activity in differentiated neurons from young and adult mammals cannot be uniquely attributed to cell senescence, whether in vivo or in vitro. Using the developing visual system of the chicken as a model, the present study found that SA‐β‐GAL detected in the developing retina corresponded to lysosomal β‐galactosidase activity, and that SA‐β‐GAL activity did not correlate with the chronotopographical distribution of apoptotic cells. However, SA‐β‐GAL staining in the undifferentiated retina coincided with the appearance of early differentiating neurons. In the laminated retina, SA‐β‐GAL staining was concentrated in the ganglion, amacrine, and horizontal cell layers. The photoreceptors and pigment epithelial cells also exhibited SA‐β‐GAL activity throughout retinal development. We have also found that SA‐β‐GAL staining strongly correlated p21 immunoreactivity.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the results clearly show that SA‐β‐GAL activity cannot be regarded as a specific marker of senescence during retinal development, and that it is mainly expressed in subpopulations of postmitotic neurons, which are nonproliferative cells, even at early stages of cell differentiation.
Key Findings
SA‐β‐GAL activity cannot be regarded as a specific marker of senescence during retinal development.
SA‐β‐GAL staining in the undifferentiated retina coincided with the appearance of early differentiating neurons.
SA‐β‐GAL is mainly expressed in sub‐populations of post‐mitotic neurons, which are non‐proliferative cells, even at early stages of cell differentiation.
p21 is also upregulated in differentiated neurons expressing SA‐β‐GAL activity.
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