A person high in neuroticism is more likely to experience anxiety, stress, worry, fear, anger, and depression. Previous studies have shown that the gut microbiota can influence personality and mental ...disorders, including stress, anxiety, and depression, through the gut-brain axis. Here, we investigated the correlations between the sub-facet of neuroticism and gut microbiota using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data 784 adults. We found that the high anxiety and vulnerability group showed significantly lower richness in microbial diversity than a group with low anxiety and vulnerability. In beta diversity, there was a significant difference between the low and high groups of anxiety, self-consciousness, impulsiveness, and vulnerability. In taxonomic compositions, Haemophilus belonging to Gammaproteobacteria was correlated with the Neuroticism domain as well as N1 anxiety and N6 vulnerability facets. The high N1 anxiety and N6 vulnerability group was correlated with a low abundance of Christensenellaceae belonging to Firmicutes Clostridia. High N4 self-consciousness was correlated with a low abundance of Alistipes and Sudoligranulum. N5 impulsiveness was correlated with a low abundance of Oscillospirales. Our findings will contribute to uncovering the potential link between the gut microbiota and neuroticism, and the elucidation of the correlations of the microbiome-gut-brain axis with behavioral changes and psychiatric cases in the general population.
Summary
Paradoxical observations have been made regarding the role of caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) during cellular senescence. For example, caveolin‐1 deficiency prevents reactive oxygen species‐induced ...cellular senescence despite mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to senescence. To resolve this paradox, we re‐addressed the role of caveolin‐1 in cellular senescence in human diploid fibroblasts, A549, HCT116, and Cav‐1−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cav‐1 deficiency (knockout or knockdown) induced cellular senescence via a p53‐p21‐dependent pathway, downregulating the expression level of the cardiolipin biosynthesis enzymes and then reducing the content of cardiolipin, a critical lipid for mitochondrial respiration. Our results showed that Cav‐1 deficiency decreased mitochondrial respiration, reduced the activity of oxidative phosphorylation complex I (CI), inactivated SIRT1, and decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio. From these results, we concluded that Cav‐1 deficiency induces premature senescence via mitochondrial dysfunction and silent information regulator 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) inactivation.
Precise monitoring of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine (DA), is critical for understanding brain function and treating neurological disorders since dysregulation of DA implicates in a range of ...disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, and addiction. This study proposes a multi‐deformable double‐sided (MDD) DA‐sensing probe with the three‐electrode system in all‐in‐one form for reliable real‐time monitoring of DA dynamics by integrating working, reference, and counter electrodes on a single probe. The proposed probe achieves high DA sensitivity and selectivity in virtue of enzyme immobilization on the 3D nanostructures grown on working electrode. Also, the serpentine design is employed for the electrodes to withstand in various deformations by achieving high stretchability and manage the stress induced on the probe. Experimental and computational analysis demonstrates an effective reduction in induced‐stress on the electrodes. The MDD DA‐sensing probe is implanted into the brain with success to enable real‐time, in vivo monitoring of DA levels in rodents. Furthermore, DA dynamic changes are monitored before and after treatment with L‐DOPA in hemi‐PD mice. This extremely deformable implantable probe has the potential for use in the study and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, providing reliable monitoring of DA dynamics with minimal damage to brain tissue.
A multi‐deformable double‐sided (MDD) probe facilitates real‐time dopamine monitoring in the brain. The all‐in‐one probe integrates working, reference, and counter electrodes, achieving high sensitivity and selectivity through enzyme immobilization on ZnO Nanorods. Its serpentine design ensures stretchability and stress management. Successful rodent implantation enables reliable in‐vivo monitoring of dopamine dynamics, including assessing L‐DOPA treatment effects in hemi‐PD mice.
Propafenone (PPF) is a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent mainly metabolized by cytochrome (CYP) 2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4. Previous studies have shown that CYP2D6 polymorphism influences the ...pharmacokinetics (PK) of PPF. However, the small sample sizes of PK studies can lead to less precise estimates of the PK parameters. Thus, this meta-analysis was performed to merge all current PK studies of PPF to determine the effects of the CYP2D6 phenotype more accurately on the PPF PK profile. We searched electronic databases for published studies to investigate the association between the PPF PK and CYP2D6 phenotype. Four PK-related outcomes were included: area under the time–concentration curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax), apparent clearance (CL/F), and half-life (t1/2). A total of five studies were included in this meta-analysis (n = 56). Analyses were performed to compare PK parameters between poor metabolizers (PMs) versus extensive metabolizers (EMs). PPF has a non-linear pharmacokinetics; therefore, analyses were performed according to dose (300 mg and 400 mg). At 300 mg, the AUC mean (95% CI), Cmax, and t1/2 of PPF in PMs were 15.9 (12.5–19.2) µg·h/mL, 1.10 (0.796–1.40) µg/mL, and 12.8 (11.3–14.3) h, respectively; these values were 2.4-, 11.2-, and 4.7-fold higher than those in the EM group, respectively. At 400 mg, a comparison was performed between S- and R-enantiomers. The CL/F was approximately 1.4-fold higher for the R-form compared with the S-form, which was a significant difference. This study demonstrated that CYP2D6 metabolizer status could significantly affect the PPF PK profile. Adjusting the dose of PPF according to CYP2D6 phenotype would help to avoid adverse effects and ensure treatment efficacy.
A class of ferromagnetic, folded, soft composite material for skin‐interfaced electrodes with releasable interfaces to stretchable, wireless electronic measurement systems is introduced. These ...electrodes establish intimate, adhesive contacts to the skin, in dimensionally stable formats compatible with multiple days of continuous operation, with several key advantages over conventional hydrogel‐based alternatives. The reported studies focus on aspects ranging from ferromagnetic and mechanical behavior of the materials systems, to electrical properties associated with their skin interface, to system‐level integration for advanced electrophysiological monitoring applications. The work combines experimental measurement and theoretical modeling to establish the key design considerations. These concepts have potential uses across a diverse set of skin‐integrated electronic technologies.
A ferromagnetic, folded, soft‐electrode composite material with long‐term usage and system‐level integration in electrophysiological monitoring is introduced. Systematic investigations including the ferromagnetism behaviors, mechanical properties, electrical interfaces to the skin, and their materials aspects are carried out. The electrodes provide advantages in non‐irritating contacts to the skin, dimensionally stable geometries, and robust bonding to the skin and the measurement platforms.
Introduction
The association between nutrition and oral health has been studied in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the impacts of undernutrition and the mothers’ socioeconomic and oral ...health statuses on the incidence of dental caries in Korean preschool children.
Methods
Data of 610 children aged 3‐5 years and their mothers who underwent oral examinations and responded to the questionnaires in the 6th KNAHNES were used. Caries prevalence was measured by dft and dt among the primary teeth in children and DMFT among mothers. Dietary reference intake values were used to evaluate nutritional status, a nutritional quality index and the mean nutrient adequacy ratio. Complex sample correlation analysis was performed by using children's dft and dt statuses as dependent variables. Multilevel linear regression was applied to investigate the impacts of undernutrition and mothers’ socioeconomic and oral health status on children's dft and dt statuses. Statistical significance was set as P < .05.
Results
Factors significantly related to dft in children were age and food. Food insecurity was the only factor significantly associated with dt in children. Children's sex and mother's DMFT were likely to be relevant to dft in children. Children's age and a nutritional quality index value less than 1 were also likely to be relevant to the dt of children.
Conclusions
Children with an undernourished status had a higher caries experience. A comprehensive community dental health promotion programme should be developed to prevent the incidence of dental caries in vulnerable undernourished children.
Abstract Background The effect of remnant-cholesterol (remnant-C) on incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) has not been studied longitudinally. This retrospective cohort study evaluated the ...association between remnant-C and the development of ESRD in a nationwide Korean cohort. Methods Participants in a National Health Insurance Service health examination ( n = 3,856,985) were followed up until the onset of ESRD. The median duration of follow-up was 10.3 years. The Martin-Hopkins equation was used to determine low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from directly measured triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol levels. Remnant-C levels were determined by subtracting HDL-C and LDL-C from total cholesterol. The risk for incident ESRD was calculated for each quartile of remnant-C, adjusting for conventional risk factors such as baseline renal function, comorbidities, and total cholesterol levels. Results ESRD developed in 11,073 (0.29%) participants. The risk for ESRD exhibited a gradual increase according to higher levels of remnant-C, with a 61% increased risk in the highest quartile than in the lowest (hazard ratio HR 1.61 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–1.72). The elevated risk for ESRD in the highest quartile versus the lowest quartile was more prominent in younger than in older subjects (20–29 years, HR 4.07 95% CI 2.85–5.83; 30–39 years, HR 2.39 95% CI 1.83–3.13; ≥ 70 years, HR 1.32 95% CI 1.16–1.51). In addition, the increased risk for ESRD related to higher remnant-C levels was greater in females than in males. Conclusions Independent of conventional risk factors, remnant-C levels were positively associated with incident ESRD, particularly in younger populations and adult females. Reducing remnant-C levels may be a novel preventive strategy against ESRD.
The use of whole genome sequence has increased recently with rapid progression of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. However, storing raw sequence reads to perform large-scale genome ...analysis pose hardware challenges. Despite advancement in genome analytic platforms, efficient approaches remain relevant especially as applied to the human genome. In this study, an Integrated Genome Sizing (IGS) approach is adopted to speed up multiple whole genome analysis in high-performance computing (HPC) environment. The approach splits a genome (GRCh37) into 630 chunks (fragments) wherein multiple chunks can simultaneously be parallelized for sequence analyses across cohorts.
IGS was integrated on Maha-Fs (HPC) system, to provide the parallelization required to analyze 2504 whole genomes. Using a single reference pilot genome, NA12878, we compared the NGS process time between Maha-Fs (NFS SATA hard disk drive) and SGI-UV300 (solid state drive memory). It was observed that SGI-UV300 was faster, having 32.5 mins of process time, while that of the Maha-Fs was 55.2 mins.
The implementation of IGS can leverage the ability of HPC systems to analyze multiple genomes simultaneously. We believe this approach will accelerate research advancement in personalized genomic medicine. Our method is comparable to the fastest methods for sequence alignment.
Starting gate: A molecular logic gate is based on chemosensors that change their fluorescence intensity in response to various inputs (pH, metal ions) in a microfluidic system. A combinatorial ...circuit, such as a half adder (see picture), uses fluorescein (green) and rhodamine B (red) derivatives that respond to pH. A logic gate with a protein and Cu2+ ions as inputs is also described.
Neural Probes
In article number 2311436, Yong‐Seok Oh, Kyung‐In Jang, and co‐workers present a multi‐deformable double‐sided (MDD) probe that facilitates real‐time dopamine monitoring in the brain. ...The all‐in‐one probe integrates working, reference, and counter electrodes, achieving high sensitivity and selectivity through enzyme immobilization on ZnO nanorods. Its serpentine design ensures stretchability and stress management. Successful rodent implantation enables reliable in‐vivo monitoring of dopamine dynamics, including assessing L‐DOPA treatment effects in hemi‐PD mice.
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