Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on three-dimensional (3D) polycrystalline perovskites suffer from ion migration, which causes overshoot of luminance over time during ...operation and reduces its operational lifetime. Here, we demonstrate 3D/2D hybrid PeLEDs with extremely reduced luminance overshoot and 21 times longer operational lifetime than 3D PeLEDs. The luminance overshoot ratio of 3D/2D hybrid PeLED is only 7.4% which is greatly lower than that of 3D PeLED (150.4%). The 3D/2D hybrid perovskite is obtained by adding a small amount of neutral benzylamine to methylammonium lead bromide, which induces a proton transfer from methylammonium to benzylamine and enables crystallization of 2D perovskite without destroying the 3D phase. Benzylammonium in the perovskite lattice suppresses formation of deep-trap states and ion migration, thereby enhances both operating stability and luminous efficiency based on its retardation effect in reorientation.
This case report describes the treatment of a 29-year-old woman with facial asymmetry and 2 hopeless teeth. Her lower dental midline was shifted to the left side, and the mandibular left second molar ...would need to be extracted because of severe caries. The maxillary right second premolar was root rest, and the upper dental midline was shifted to the right side. Because of the patient's asymmetry and Class III skeletal pattern, a severe Class III relationship in the right canine region and lingual crossbite in the left side was observed. She did not want jaw surgery. The mandibular right first premolar, 2 hopeless teeth, and maxillary left second premolar were extracted, and orthodontic mini-implants were used to correct the dental midline, crossbite, and crowding. The mandibular left third molar was moved to the second molar extraction space by using orthodontic mini-implant anchorage. Adequate functional and esthetic results were obtained. Correction of the crossbite on the left side could improve facial asymmetry by changing the drape of the overlying lips.
•Third molars were moved to the second molar extraction space using mini-implants.•Correcting the crossbite in the buccal segment improved facial asymmetry.•Archwire width and torque and molar tube prescriptions differed side to side.
Aortic valve (AV) replacement (AVR) is the only effective treatment for severe aortic stenosis (AS). However, survival benefits by performing AVR in asymptomatic AS patients with preserved left ...ventricular (LV) function remains controversial. This study included 468 patients (aged 64.2 ± 13.0 years, 232 women) with preserved LV function (≥50%) and severe AS (AV area ≤1.0 cm2, peak trans-AV velocity Vmax ≥4.0 m/s, or mean AV pressure gradient ≥40 mm Hg) between 2000 and 2015. AVR was performed in 221 (47.2%) patients early (within 3 months; n = 130, 27.8%) or during follow-up (n = 91, 19.4%), whereas the remainder (n = 247) received medical treatment. Time-dependent Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the impact of AVR on long-term survival outcomes. During a median follow-up of 60.9 months (quartile 1 to 3, 29.9 to 107.0 months), 72 (15.4%) patients developed AS-related symptoms and 146 (31.2%) died. On time-dependent Cox models, AVR was associated with a significant risk reduction in all-cause death (hazard ratio HR, 0.62; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.40 to 0.97; p = 0.036) and cardiac death (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.995; p = 0.048) after adjusting for significant contributors to mortality. Survival benefits by performing AVR were manifested in most risk subgroups. In conclusion, AVR in asymptomatic severe AS patients with preserved LV function resulted in significant survival benefits, suggesting that early recruitment for AVR may be warranted before ventricular dysfunction or symptom development.
Manganese hexacyanomanganates have attracted significant attention as promising cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries owing to the high theoretical capacity and low cost of Mn resources. Because ...of the strong Jahn–Teller effect, causing unstable local phase transition and distortion, the redox reactions of the high‐spin state of Mn(III) are considered to be a conundrum. Herein, it is reported that the charge‐redistribution mechanism of low‐spin MnIII + high‐spin MnIII → low‐spin MnII + high‐spin MnIV in manganese hexacyanomanganates can decrease unstable high‐spin MnIII, leading to the mitigation of Jahn–Teller distortion. X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggest that the fast reaction rate activates charge redistribution. Moreover, different crystal structures, reported using post‐mortem synchrotron X‐ray diffraction analysis, confirm a large orthorhombic structure, thus verifying the presence of charge redistribution based on the superexchange rule. These results demonstrate that manganese hexacyanomanganate in an aqueous electrolyte can achieve long‐term cyclability, thus paving the way for high‐performance batteries.
Manganese hexacyanomanganate has the highest capacity among Prussian Blue analogs. However, the structural distortion by the Jahn–Teller effect of high‐spin MnIII aggravates the cyclability. In this work, the charge redistribution of manganese hexacyanomanganate is confirmed under the fast‐kinetics system. The charge redistribution can solve the unequal number of electrons in eg orbitals, causing Jahn–Teller effects.
Chemical fertilizers have greatly contributed to the development of agriculture, but alternative fertilizers are needed for the sustainable development of agriculture. 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a ...promising biological plant growth promoter.
In this study, we attempted to develop an effective strategy for the biological production of highly pure R,R-2,3-butanediol (R,R-2,3-BDO) by Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation. First, gamma-ray mutagenesis was performed to obtain P. polymyxa MDBDO, a strain that grew faster than the parent strain and had high production of R,R-2,3-BDO. The activities of R,R-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and diacetyl reductase of the mutant strain were increased by 33% and decreased by 60%, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the carbon source depletion of the fermentation broth affects the purity of R,R-2,3-BDO through batch fermentation. Fed-batch fermentation using controlled carbon feeding led to production of 77.3 g/L of R,R-2,3-BDO with high optical purity (> 99% of C
products) at 48 h. Additionally, fed-batch culture using corn steep liquor as an alternative nitrogen source led to production of 70.3 g/L of R,R-2,3-BDO at 60 h. The fed-batch fermentation broth of P. polymyxa MDBDO, which contained highly pure R,R-2,3-BDO, significantly stimulated the growth of soybean and strawberry seedlings.
This study suggests that P. polymyxa MDBDO has potential for use in biological plant growth promoting agent applications. In addition, our fermentation strategy demonstrated that high-purity R,R-2,3-BDO can be produced at high concentrations using P. polymyxa.
Abstract
Conventional solid electrolyte frameworks typically consist of anions such as sulphur, oxygen, chlorine, and others, leading to inherent limitations in their properties. Despite the ...emergence of sulphide, oxide, and halide‐based solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries, their utilization is hampered by issues, including the evolution of H
2
S gas, the need for expensive elements, and poor contact. Here, we first introduce Prussian Blue analogue (PBA) open‐framework structures as a solid electrolyte that demonstrates appreciable Na
+
conductivity (>10
−2
mS cm
−1
). We delve into the relationship between Na
+
conductivity and the lattice parameter of N‐coordinated transition metal, which is attributed to the reduced interaction between Na
+
and the framework, corroborated by the distribution of relaxation times and density functional theory calculations. Among the five PBAs studied, Mn‐PBA have exhibited the highest Na
+
conductivity of 9.1×10
−2
mS cm
−1
. Feasibility tests have revealed that Mn‐PBA have maintained a cycle retention of 95.1 % after 80cycles at 30 °C and a C‐rate of 0.2C. Our investigation into the underlying mechanisms that play a significant role in governing the conductivity and kinetics of these materials contributes valuable insights for the development of alternative strategies to realize all‐solid‐state batteries.
Purpose To evaluate the impact of severe malocclusion requiring orthognathic surgery on self-esteem (SE) and quality of life (QOL) in female adult orthognathic patients in comparison to a group with ...minor malocclusions seeking only orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods Female patients who were 18 to 30 years old who presented for an orthodontic consultation for correction of a malocclusion were enrolled over an 18 month period. In Group one, all patients required a two jaw surgery and they were subdivided into those with a Class II or Class III malocclusion. This group was further subdivided into those with and without a clinically significant asymmetry. A second comparison group was selected as having a minor malocclusion (MMG). The minor malocclusion group (MMG) included patients who had a Class I molar relationship with less than 5 mm on the irregularity index in the upper anterior teeth. Each participant completed the Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSE) and the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) before starting treatment. The RSE and OQLQ measurements were compared using one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple omparison. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results MMG (n=52) showed a significantly better RSE and OQOL values than did Class II (n=37) and Class III (n=47) ( P <0.01). In OQLQ measurements, social aspects, esthetics, and oral function scores were better in the MMG group ( P <0.01). Only the awareness component did not show a significant difference. There was no significant difference in QOL or SE between Class II and Class III orthognathic patients. The influence of asymmetry on RSE and OQLQ was not significant in Class II and III group. Conclusion In female adults, orthognathic patients showed significant impairments in QOL and SE compared with mild malocclusion patients.
Longitudinal research has provided systematic empirical data on the short- and long-term outcomes of admissions policies, curricular innovations, and complex decisions on students' academic progress. ...This study aimed to investigate the academic performance of medical students and related factors using cohort database collected from a medical school. The study participants included 134 medical students who graduated from Chonnam National University Medical School in 2022. The medical school's cohort database was used to collect data on demographics, admission, academic performance, extracurricular activities, and performance on the National Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE). Participating in club activities had a significant association with medical students' academic advancement delay or leave of absence during the entire course of medical school (P = 0.007). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the nationwide clinical knowledge mock examination during the fourth year of medical school was significantly associated with passing the KMLE (adjusted odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.22; P = 0.014). Extracurricular school activities (a non-cognitive student attribute) and a wide range of cognitive student attributes captured from the cohort database were associated with medical students' academic performance. In conclusion, this study can reinforce a strong emphasis on the inclusion of cognitive and non-cognitive information in medical school curricula and assessments in order to improve medical education programs and future postgraduate performance.
Previous studies have suggested the potential association between renal diseases and gallstone. The extent of proteinuria is recognized as a marker for the severity of chronic kidney disease. ...However, little data is available to identify the risk of incident gallstone according to the level of proteinuria.
Using a data of 207,356 Koreans registered in National Health Insurance Database, we evaluated the risk of gallstone according to the levels of urine dipstick proteinuria through an average follow-up of 4.36 years. Study subjects were divided into 3 groups by urine dipstick proteinuria (negative: 0, mild: 1+ and heavy: 2+ or greater). Multivariate Cox-proportional hazard model was used to assess the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident cholelithiasis according to urine dipstick proteinuria.
The group with higher urine dipstick proteinuria had worse metabolic, renal, and hepatic profiles than those without proteinuria, which were similarly observed in the group with incident cholelithiasis. The heavy proteinuria group had the greatest incidence of cholelithiasis (2.39%), followed by mild (1.54%) and negative proteinuria groups (1.39%). Analysis for multivariate Cox-proportional hazard model indicated that the heavy proteinuria group had higher risk of cholelithiasis than other groups (negative: reference, mild proteinuria: HR 0.97 95% CI, 0.74-1.26, and heavy proteinuria: HR 1.46 95% CI, 1.09-1.96).
Urine dipstick proteinuria of 2+ or greater was significantly associated with increased risk for incident gallstone.
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