Velika Srbija kolokvijalan je naziv za nacionalistički i iredentistički projekt dijela srpske inteligencije koji je nastao početkom devetnaestoga stoljeća. Međutim velikosrpski projekt datira još od ...1557. g., odnosno nakon ponovne uspostave Pećke patrijaršije. Tada je pravoslavni klir (svećenstvo) počeo promicati ideju po-novne uspostave Dušanovoga Carstva koje se prostiralo na području današnjih devet suverenih država.
Oživotvorenje velikosrpskoga projekta, odnosno homogenizacija velikosrpskih krugova ponovno je počela još za vrijeme Titova života, a dinamizirala se poslije njegove smrti otvaranjem srpskoga pitanja na Kosovu. Dinamiziranje procesa za primarni cilj nije imalo rješavanje kosovskoga pitanja, već ponovnu homogenizaciju i mobilizaciju srpskoga puka na području cijeloga SFRJ-a.
U cilju operacionalizacije velikosrpskoga projekta najznačajniji čimbenik bila je Jugoslavenska narodna armija (JNA), ona je trebala biti jamac. Stoga su početkom 80-ih godina prošloga stoljeća počeli sa sustavnom srbizacijom zapovjednoga kadra, gdje su Srbi i Crnogorci zauzeli dominantnu ulogu. JNA je 1990./91. g. bio najznačajniji čimbenik pri naoružavanju pobunjenih Srba.
Autori u ovome radu napravili su analizu vojnih efektiva JNA-a na ozemlju Đakovačko-osječke nadbiskupije koji su aktivno stavljeni u funkciju dezintegracije Republike Hrvatske. Naime takva analiza za to područje nije sustavno napravljena. Pri izradi kori-stili su se reduciranim pisanim izvorima i osobnim iskustvom u obrani suvereniteta i teritorijalnoga integriteta Republike Hrvatske na tome području.
The aim of the present study was to examine changes in phenolic compounds during refining of rapeseed oil. In crude rapeseed oil, 4-vinylsyringol (canolol) is the dominant phenolic compound, ...accounting for 85% of total phenolics. Refining decreased the total amount of phenolic compounds by 90%. NMR and MS analyses of edible rapeseed oil phenolic extracts identified 4-vinylsyringol dimer as the dominant phenolic compound. This phenolic compound appears to form through acid-catalyzed dimerization-aromatic substitution of 4-vinylsyringol monomers. Analysis of rapeseed oils from different stages of the refining process suggest that 4-vinylsyringol dimer forms during the neutralization phase, when H3PO4 acts as a catalyst, or during bleaching, when acid-activated bleaching earth acts as the catalyst. Whether 4-vinylsyringol forms during one or the other phase appears to depend on the phospholipid content of the crude oil. These insights may be useful for designing rapeseed oil refining processes that maximize levels of 4-vinylsyringol dimer.
The great Bosnian Duke Radoslav Pavlović, one of the regional masters who left his mark upon the Bosnian medieval history of the first half of the 15th century, achieved his prolific political and ...economic activity through his relations with the inhabitants of Dubrovnik. This paper deals with his economic relations with the inhabitants of Dubrovnik. These relations brought him great financial and retail income. These were trade enterprises, in particular trading lead, renting customs services as well as charging customs duties. The income from invested money was saved in the Dubrovnik Komuna which was gained by sale of part of Konavle to Dubrovnik. These relations were gained with the help of Radoslav’s commissioners, who were poklisars enjoying great trust and respect in Dubrovnik. The successful economic relations of Radoslav Pavlović with the inhabitants of Dubrovnik were based on the advantages that the Pavlović family had, such as possessing Olovo (Lead) which was a significant mine of quality of lead, as well as significant custom duties in the hinterland of Dubrovnik and the Neretva Estuary and the trade routes which lead inland, to Bosnia, Serbia and Hungary. Also, the Pavlovićs owned a part of Konavle which the Dubrovnik inhabitants tried to include into their plans of territorial spreading. Mining products held an important place in the export trade of medieval Bosnia, and the crucial feature of the economic growth of Dubrovnik from the mid 14th century was precisely this widespread intermediary trade of mining products, silver and lead, from Bosnia and Serbia. It’s significant that the local population was included in trading with Bosnian lead, not only the inhabitants of Dubrovnik and the Bosnian king and nobilities, as for example Radoslav Pavlović, whose contribution is the topic of this paper. The greatest part of Bosnian lead from Dubrovnik ended up in foreign markets, Italy, Spain or Turkey, and only a small portion served to satisfy the local needs of Dubrovnik. The export of Bosnian lead took place also through Venice. Both Duke Radoslav Pavlović, as well as the rest of the regional masters and kings, rented their customs, mostly to people from Dubrovnik, such as lead and driev customs, of which he owned a quarter. They received the amount of rent money agreed upon, which ensured them a stable profit. This Bosnian duke also owned customs in other places where people of Dubrovnik came to sell their goods. In regions under his command Duke Radoslav made decisions on customs; transport, transitional as well as the customs in the very square where trading took place.
Velika Srbija kolokvijalan je naziv za nacionalistički i iredentistički projekt dijela srpske inteligencije koji je nastao početkom devetnaestoga stoljeća. Međutim velikosrpski projekt datira još od ...1557. g., odnosno nakon ponovne uspostave Pećke patrijaršije. Tada je pravoslavni klir (svećenstvo) počeo promicati ideju po-novne uspostave Dušanovoga Carstva koje se prostiralo na području današnjih devet suverenih država.
Oživotvorenje velikosrpskoga projekta, odnosno homogenizacija velikosrpskih krugova ponovno je počela još za vrijeme Titova života, a dinamizirala se poslije njegove smrti otvaranjem srpskoga pitanja na Kosovu. Dinamiziranje procesa za primarni cilj nije imalo rješavanje kosovskoga pitanja, već ponovnu homogenizaciju i mobilizaciju srpskoga puka na području cijeloga SFRJ-a.
U cilju operacionalizacije velikosrpskoga projekta najznačajniji čimbenik bila je Jugoslavenska narodna armija (JNA), ona je trebala biti jamac. Stoga su početkom 80-ih godina prošloga stoljeća počeli sa sustavnom srbizacijom zapovjednoga kadra, gdje su Srbi i Crnogorci zauzeli dominantnu ulogu. JNA je 1990./91. g. bio najznačajniji čimbenik pri naoružavanju pobunjenih Srba.
Autori u ovome radu napravili su analizu vojnih efektiva JNA-a na ozemlju Đakovačko-osječke nadbiskupije koji su aktivno stavljeni u funkciju dezintegracije Republike Hrvatske. Naime takva analiza za to područje nije sustavno napravljena. Pri izradi kori-stili su se reduciranim pisanim izvorima i osobnim iskustvom u obrani suvereniteta i teritorijalnoga integriteta Republike Hrvatske na tome području.
Greater Serbia is a colloquial term for a nationalist and irredentist concept made by a part of the Serbian intelligentsia, originated in the early 19th century. However, the project of Greater Serbia dates back to 1557, that is, after the re-establishment of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć, when Serbian Orthodox clergy began to promote the idea of re-establishing the Serbian (Dušan) Empire, which had stretched over the territory of nine sovereign states of today.
The revival of the Greater Serbia project, that is, the homogeni-zation of Greater Serbia circles, started again during Tito’s lifetime, and it became even more dynamic after his death, followed by the re-opening of Serbian issue in Kosovo. This revitalization of the process was not meant to resolve the Kosovo issue, but to re-homogenize and mobilize the Serbian people in the whole of Yugoslavia.
The most significant factor in the operationalization of the Greater Serbia project was the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA), which was supposed to be its very guarantor. Therefore, at the beginning of the 1980s, the systematic Serbization of the command staff began, where Serbs and Montenegrins took the dominant positions. In 1990/1991, the Yugoslav People’s Army was the key factor in arming Serbian rebels.
In this paper, the authors give an analysis of the military power of the Yugoslav People’s Army on the territory of the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese, where it was actively engaged in the disintegration of the Republic of Croatia. Namely, such an analysis has not yet been systematically done for this area. The analysis was made based on the reduced written sources and the personal experience in the defense of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Croatia in the area.
Uloga JNA-a u velikosrpskom projektu Brekalo, Miljenko; Lukić, Anamarija; Jurčević, Ivana
Diacovensia,
2020, Letnik:
28, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Greater Serbia is a colloquial term for a nationalist and irredentist concept made by a part of the Serbian intelligentsia, originated in the early 19th century. However, the project of Greater ...Serbia dates back to 1557, that is, after the re-establishment of the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć, when Serbian Orthodox clergy began to promote the idea of re-establishing the Serbian (Dušan) Empire, which had stretched over the territory of nine sovereign states of today. The revival of the Greater Serbia project, that is, the homogenization of Greater Serbia circles, started again during Tito’s lifetime, and it became even more dynamic after his death, followed by the re-opening of Serbian issue in Kosovo. This revitalization of the process was not meant to resolve the Kosovo issue, but to re-homogenize and mobilize the Serbian people in the whole of Yugoslavia. The most significant factor in the operationalization of the Greater Serbia project was the Yugoslav People’s Army (YPA), which was supposed to be its very guarantor. Therefore, at the beginning of the 1980s, the systematic Serbization of the command staff began, where Serbs and Montenegrins took the dominant positions. In 1990/1991, the Yugoslav People’s Army was the key factor in arming Serbian rebels. In this paper, the authors give an analysis of the military power of the Yugoslav People’s Army on the territory of the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese, where it was actively engaged in the disintegration of the Republic of Croatia. Namely, such an analysis has not yet been systematically done for this area. The analysis was made based on the reduced written sources and the personal experience in the defense of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Croatia in the area.
Veliki bosanski vojvoda Radoslav Pavlović, jedan od područnih gospodara koji je obilježio bosansku srednjovjekovnu povijest I. polovice 15. stoljeća, svoju bogatu političku i gospodarsku aktivnost ...ostvaruje putem svojih odnosa s Dubrovčanima. Upravo će se u radu pratiti njegove gospodarske veze s Dubrovčanima na temelju kojih je ostvario velike novčane i robne prihode. Riječ je o trgovačkim poslovima, posebice prodaji olova, davanju carina u zakup kao i naplaćivanju carina, dobiti od uloženog novca pohranjenog u dubrovačku Komunu od prodaje dijela Konavala Dubrovniku. Ti odnosi ostvarivali su se preko Radoslavovih poslanika, poklisara, koji su u Dubrovniku uživali velik ugled i povjerenje. Uspješne gospodarske veze Radoslava Pavlovića s Dubrovčanima temeljile su se na predispozicijama koje su Pavlovići imali, primjerice posjedovali su važan rudnik kvalitetnog olova Olovo, kao i znatne carine u dubrovačkom zaleđu i na ušću Neretve te trgovačkim putovima koji su vodili u unutrašnjost, Bosnu, Srbiju, Ugarsku. Također, Pavlovići su imali i dio Konavala koje su Dubrovčani nastojali uključiti u planove svoga teritorijalnog širenja. Rudarski proizvodi u izvoznoj trgovini srednjovjekovne Bosne imaju važno mjesto, a upravo je bitno obilježje gospodarskog razvoja Dubrovnika od sredine 14. stoljeća razgranata posrednička trgovina rudarskim proizvodima srebrom i olovom iz Bosne i Srbije. Važno je da se u trgovinu bosanskim olovom, osim Dubrovčana, bosanskoga kralja i feudalaca, kakav je i Radoslav Pavlović, o čijem se doprinosu u radu i govori, uključuju i domaći ljudi. Najveći dio bosanskog olova iz Dubrovnika odlazio je na strana tržišta, Italiju, Španjolsku, Tursku, a samo je manji dio služio za lokalne potrebe u Dubrovniku. Izvoz bosanskog olova tekao je i preko Venecije. I vojvoda Radoslav Pavlović, kao i ostali područni gospodari i kraljevi, davao je svoje carine u zakup, najčešće Dubrovčanima, poput olovske i drijevske carine, čije je četvrtine bio vlasnik. Dobivali su od zakupaca ugovoreni iznos zakupa, što im je osiguravalo dobit. Ovaj je bosanski vojvoda imao carine i u drugim svojim mjestima u koja su Dubrovčani dolazili sa svojom robom. Na svojim je područjima vojvoda Radoslav propisivao svoje odluke o carinama, provoznim, usputnim te carinama na samom trgu gdje se i prodavalo.
The regions of middle and eastern Bosnia, which were ruled by Pavlović family at the end of the 14th and the first half of the 15th century had the essential features of membership to the ...Christianity and the Church of Bosnia. Almost all members of this family were members of the Church of Bosnia except, temporarily and shortly, the duke Ivaniš Pavlović. Thus the members of the Church of Bosnia were the duke Pavao Radinović, his sons, the dukes Petar and Radoslav Pavlović, as well as the sons of Radoslav, the duke Ivaniš and the princes Nikola and Petar Pavlović. Members of the Church of Bosnia had a significant role at the Court of the Pavlović family, first the prince Pavle, and later his sons: the dukes Petar and Radoslav, and Radoslav's sons, the duke Ivaniš Pavlović and the princes Nikola and Petar Pavlović. The role and activities of the Church of Bosnia Christians were significantly increased when the duke Radoslav Pavlović became head of the family. Appearance of the Church of Bosnia members was almost always connected to changes of political relations in Bosnia and wider, in relations between Bosnia and Dubrovnik. There are numerous mediatory missions between them and the citizens of Dubrovnik, especially those regarding negotiations over the sale of Radoslav's part of Konavle and the end of the Konavle War.
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