U radu je analiziran slučaj udžbenika povijesti za četvrti razred gimnazije koji je duže od dvije godine bio u Katalogu odobrenih udžbenika, a potom je izbrisan iz kataloga. Analizom su obuhvaćene ...tri tematske cjeline (druga Jugoslavija, Republika Hrvatska, Domovinski rat), a analiza je provedena usporedbom sadržaja udžbenika s odredbama kurikuluma i drugih zakonskih i podzakonskih propisa koji su obvezujući za udžbenike povijesti. Uz to je pojašnjen i širi kontekst rasprava i sukoba koji u Hrvatskoj traju dva desetljeća glede problematike udžbenika i nastave povijesti. Analizom je zaključeno da sadržaj spornog udžbenika nije utemeljen ni na znanstvenim i obrazovnim standardima niti na propisanim vrijednosnim i etičkim zahtjevima, pa stoga ima iznimno razorne odgojne i obrazovne učinke. Na koncu je rad otvorio i ključno pitanje, kako je uopće bilo moguće da je takav udžbenik u ministarstvu uspio proći postupak stručne procjene i uvrštavanja u Katalog udžbenika.
This paper examines the case of a fourth-grade high school history textbook, which remained in the approved Textbook Catalogue for over two years before being removed. The analysis covers three thematic areas (the Second Yugoslavia, the Republic of Croatia, the Homeland War), comparing the textbook’s contents with provisions of the Curriculum and other laws and regulations that are binding for history textbooks. Additionally, the paper clarifies the broader context of debates and conflicts in Croatia over the past two decades regarding textbook issues and history teaching. The analysis concludes that the contents of the disputed textbook lacks foundation in scientific and educational standards, and prescribed value and ethical requirements, resulting in profoundly detrimental educational and upbringing effects. The paper raises fundamental questions about how such a textbook managed to pass the Ministry’s professional evaluation process and be included in the Textbook Catalogue.
The paper is mainly the result of research of several thousands of verdicts of Yugoslav communist military courts. This historical material has so far been unused or little used in scientific ...research. The main topic of research are the basic characteristics of the verdicts of Yugoslav communist military courts in Croatia in 1944 and 1945. First, the basic structure of the verdicts is presented. Then, characteristics of individual verdicts from different Croatian regions are analysed in detail, and in the conclusion, the main overall features of surviving verdicts are given. This research has also confirmed that Yugoslav military courts in Croatia were revolutionary courts, and that they were part of the repressive system by which the Communist Party of Yugoslavia completed the process of establishing its totalitarian rule. From the individual verdicts it can clearly be seen that the trials at military tribunals were conducted according to ideological criteria and contrary to legal standards. The trials were quick and punishment merciless. Guilt was not proven based on concrete facts, while testimonies and arguments of the defendants were dismissed without consideration, with insults and degrading statements about the accused. Although the Decree on Military Tribunals prescribed the right to counsel for accused persons, the right was not realized by any of the approximately 5200 convicted persons whose verdicts have survived. And among them there were no acquittals. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The growth of the information technology has made it evident that the strength of an economy and its development potential depend on people, their educational level and creative potential ...increasingly more so than its dependence on machines, equipment and the capital. Developed societies have recognized that the main developmental resource is their human capital whose quality is mainly determined by their education level and upbringing; the two components which positively contribute to a sustained development of the society as a whole as well as to its individual members. Excellence in the work processes, product quality, organization, and services should become the main recognizable ingredient of the so called Croatian 'brand'. Therefore this paper attempts to carefully examine quality and human capital as an imperative and as a sound foundation for the development of our society and a country as a whole.
Rad je uglavnom nastao na temelju istraživanja više tisuća sačuvanih presuda jugoslavenskih komunističkih vojnih sudova. Ta povijesna građa do sada je bila nekorištena ili malo korištena u ...znanstvenim istraživanjima. Središnja istraživačka tema rada jesu osnovne značajke presuda jugoslavenskih komunističkih vojnih sudova u Hrvatskoj 1944. i 1945. godine. Najprije je prikazana osnovna struktura presuda. Potom su detaljno analizirane karakteristične pojedinačne presude s raznih područja Hrvatske, a u zaključku su navedene glavne zbirne značajke sačuvanih presuda. I ovo je istraživanje upečatljivo potvrdilo da su jugoslavenski vojni sudovi u Hrvatskoj bili revolucionarni sudovi te da su bili dio represivnoga sustava kojim je Komunistička partija Jugoslavije dovršavala proces uspostavljanja svoje totalitarne vlasti. Iz konkretnih presuda jasno se vidi da su se procesi pred vojnim sudovima odvijali prema ideološkim kriterijima i protivno pravnim standardima. Sudski su procesi bili brzi, a kazne nemilosrdne. Krivnja nije dokazivana na temelju konkretnih činjenica, a iskazi i argumenti optuženih odbacivani su bez razmatranja, uz uvredljive i ponižavajuće konstatacije o optuženima. Iako je Uredba o vojnim sudovima za optužene osobe propisivala pravo na branitelja, to pravo nije ostvarila ni jedna od približno 5200 osuđenih osoba za koje postoje sačuvane presude, među kojima nema ni jedne oslobađajuće.
The paper is mainly the result of research of several thousands of verdicts of Yugoslav communist military courts. This historical material has so far been unused or little used in scientific ...research. The main topic of research are the basic characteristics of the verdicts of Yugoslav communist military courts in Croatia in 1944 and 1945. First, the basic structure of the verdicts is presented. Then, characteristics of individual verdicts from different Croatian regions are analysed in detail, and in the conclusion, the main overall features of surviving verdicts are given. This research has also confirmed that Yugoslav military courts in Croatia were revolutionary courts, and that they were part of the repressive system by which the Communist Party of Yugoslavia completed the process of establishing its totalitarian rule. From the individual verdicts it can clearly be seen that the trials at military tribunals were conducted according to ideological criteria and contrary to legal standards. The trials were quick and punishment merciless. Guilt was not proven based on concrete facts, while testimonies and arguments of the defendants were dismissed without consideration, with insults and degrading statements about the accused. Although the Decree on Military Tribunals prescribed the right to counsel for accused persons, the right was not realized by any of the approximately 5200 convicted persons whose verdicts have survived. And among them there were no acquittals.
The paper is mostly based on both published and unpublished archives for researching the normative determinants and circumstances of the emergence of military courts established in the periods during ...and after the Second World War by Yugoslav Communists. The organisational and normative system of military courts emerged gradually and was fully established in the last years of World War II, when the Yugoslav Communists created other major repressive bodies. However, the normative determinants and structure of military courts were continually governed by party interests. Thus appeared the norms and structure which were in every way in opposition to other contemporary non-communist judiciary models.
This work is the result of research of the mostly unused archives regarding the activities of Yugoslav communist military courts in Croatia at the end of World War Two and in the postwar period. This ...topic has not been researched much from the standpoint of history and other social sciences. Military courts were part of the repressive system of totalitarian communist rule fighting relentlessly against war enemies, but also people and organisations which could have in the future been ideological or political opponents to communism. Most of the persons tried in court were civilians convicted in short political trials mostly without evidence and sentenced to death with their property taken away from them. Yugoslav communist military courts thus belong to the group of revolutionary courts or courts martial.
The paper is mainly the result of research of several thousands of verdicts of Yugoslav communist military courts. This historical material has so far been unused or little used in scientific ...research. The main topic of research are the basic characteristics of the verdicts of Yugoslav communist military courts in Croatia in 1944 and 1945. First, the basic structure of the verdicts is presented. Then, characteristics of individual verdicts from different Croatian regions are analysed in detail, and in the conclusion, the main overall features of surviving verdicts are given. This research has also confirmed that Yugoslav military courts in Croatia were revolutionary courts, and that they were part of the repressive system by which the Communist Party of Yugoslavia completed the process of establishing its totalitarian rule. From the individual verdicts it can clearly be seen that the trials at military tribunals were conducted according to ideological criteria and contrary to legal standards. The trials were quick and punishment merciless. Guilt was not proven based on concrete facts, while testimonies and arguments of the defendants were dismissed without consideration, with insults and degrading statements about the accused. Although the Decree on Military Tribunals prescribed the right to counsel for accused persons, the right was not realized by any of the approximately 5200 convicted persons whose verdicts have survived. And among them there were no acquittals. . Adapted from the source document.
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