Increased demands after quality of drinking water results in increasing demands after protection of water reservoirs against bed load and pollution by oil matters. One of alternatives of the ...protection are catchpits for catching of oil matters
Thesis solves problems of accessing interest area, which is forest management-plan area LHC Rudno, located in central Slovakia, in north-east part of range Žiar and appropriate part of Turčianska ...kotlina. Area of LHC Rudno is 3 145,85 ha. On the basis of terrain measures of parameters particular roads there was status of accessing interest area evaluated, namely from the view of road type division, functional status of roads, concentration of road network and other characteristics. Total lenght of roads is 149,9 km, that the forest roads are 65%, the other roads are 35% and forest road network density is 30,77 m/ha. It was very important to find out and consider accessorising of the roads by small forestry constructions, namely for reason, that these constructions increase attractivity of area for tourists, that is basically aim of this thesis. After analysis of present status of road network in interest area there was made project of trace for particular sorts of tourism. Traces for hiking, cycling, ri ding tourism, to be specific. Providing of these traces by forestry constructions to increase attractivity and also competition ability of interest area was also projected.
Rhythmicity in baseline responses over a 24-h period for an indirect pharmacological effect R(t) can arise from either a periodic time-dependent input rate
k
in
t
or a periodic time-dependent loss ...constant
k
out
t
. If either
k
in
t
or
k
out
t
follows some nonstationary biological rhythm (e.g., circadian), then the response R(t) also displays a periodic behavior. Indirect response models assuming time-dependent input rates
k
in
t
have been utilized to capture drug effects on various physiological responses such as hormone suppression, immune cell trafficking, and gene expression in tissues. This paradigm was extended to consider responses with circadian-controlled loss
k
out
t
mechanisms. Theoretical equations describing this model are presented and simulations were performed to examine expected response behaviors. The model was able to capture the chronobiology and pharmacodynamics of applicable drug responses, including the uricosuric effects of lesinurad in humans, suppression of the beta amyloid (Aβ) peptide by a gamma-secretase inhibitor in mouse brain, and the modulation of extracellular dopamine by a dopamine transporter inhibitor in rat brain. This type of model has a mechanistic basis and shows utility for capturing drug responses displaying nonstationary baselines controlled by removal mechanism(s).
The widespread use of organophosphate (OP) pesticides has resulted in ubiquitous exposure in humans, primarily through their diet. Exposure to OP pesticides may have adverse health effects, including ...neurobehavioral deficits in children. The optimal design of new studies requires data on the reliability of urinary measures of exposure. In the present study, urinary concentrations of six dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites, the main urinary metabolites of OP pesticides, were determined in 120 pregnant women participating in the Generation R Study in Rotterdam. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) across serial urine specimens taken at <18, 18-25, and >25 weeks of pregnancy were determined to assess reliability. Geometric mean total DAP metabolite concentrations were 229 (GSD 2.2), 240 (GSD 2.1), and 224 (GSD 2.2) nmol/g creatinine across the three periods of gestation. Metabolite concentrations from the serial urine specimens in general correlated moderately. The ICCs for the six DAP metabolites ranged from 0.14 to 0.38 (0.30 for total DAPs), indicating weak to moderate reliability. Although the DAP metabolite levels observed in this study are slightly higher and slightly more correlated than in previous studies, the low to moderate reliability indicates a high degree of within-person variability, which presents challenges for designing well-powered epidemiological studies.
The potential human health effects of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure are a public health concern. In order to design adequately powered epidemiological studies to address potential health effects, data ...on the reproducibility of BPA concentration in serial urine specimens taken during pregnancy are needed. To provide additional data on the reproducibility of maternal urine specimens, 80 women in the Generation R Study (Rotterdam, The Netherlands) contributed a spot urine specimen at <18, 18-25, and >25 weeks of pregnancy. Reproducibility, estimated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was 0.32 (95% confidence interval: 0.18-0.46), and, on a creatinine basis, 0.31 (95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.47). Although the ICC observed in the Generation R Study is slightly higher than previous reproducibility studies of BPA, it nevertheless indicates a high degree of within-person variability that presents challenges for designing well-powered epidemiologic studies.
The study of (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions has proven to be a powerful tool to investigate the formation mechanism of loosely bound states in high-energy hadronic collisions. In this ...paper the production of
(anti-)deuterons
is studied as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in inelastic pp collisions at
s
=
13
TeV using the ALICE experiment. Thanks to the large number of accumulated minimum bias events, it has been possible to measure (anti-)deuteron production in pp collisions up to the same charged particle multiplicity (
d
N
ch
/
d
η
∼
26
) as measured in p–Pb collisions at similar centre-of-mass energies. Within the uncertainties, the deuteron yield in pp collisions resembles the one in p–Pb interactions, suggesting a common formation mechanism behind the production of light nuclei in hadronic interactions. In this context the measurements are compared with the expectations of coalescence and statistical hadronisation models (SHM).
A
bstract
The production of prompt charmed mesons D
0
, D
+
and D
∗+
, and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair,
...s
N
N
, of 2
.
76 TeV. The production yields for rapidity |
y
|
<
0
.
5 are presented as a function of transverse momentum,
p
T
, in the interval 1–36 GeV
/c
for the centrality class 0–10% and in the interval 1–16 GeV
/c
for the centrality class 30–50%. The nuclear modification factor
R
AA
was computed using a proton-proton reference at
s
=
2.76
TeV, based on measurements at
s
=
7
TeV and on theoretical calculations. A maximum suppression by a factor of 5-6 with respect to binary-scaled pp yields is observed for the most central collisions at
p
T
of about 10 GeV
/c
. A suppression by a factor of about 2-3 persists at the highest
p
T
covered by the measurements. At low
p
T
(1-3 GeV
/c
), the
R
AA
has large uncertainties that span the range 0.35 (factor of about 3 suppression) to 1 (no suppression). In all
p
T
intervals, the
R
AA
is larger in the 30-50% centrality class compared to central collisions. The D-meson
R
AA
is also compared with that of charged pions and, at large
p
T
, charged hadrons, and with model calculations.
Gestational weight gain differs according to pre-pregnancy body mass index and is related to the risks of adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Gestational weight gain charts for women in ...different pre-pregnancy body mass index groups enable identification of women and offspring at risk for adverse health outcomes. We aimed to construct gestational weight gain reference charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2 and 3 obese women and to compare these charts with those obtained in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies.
We used individual participant data from 218,216 pregnant women participating in 33 cohorts from Europe, North America, and Oceania. Of these women, 9065 (4.2%), 148,697 (68.1%), 42,678 (19.6%), 13,084 (6.0%), 3597 (1.6%), and 1095 (0.5%) were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. A total of 138, 517 women from 26 cohorts had pregnancies with no hypertensive or diabetic disorders and with term deliveries of appropriate for gestational age at birth infants. Gestational weight gain charts for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and grade 1, 2, and 3 obese women were derived by the Box-Cox t method using the generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape.
We observed that gestational weight gain strongly differed per maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index group. The median (interquartile range) gestational weight gain at 40 weeks was 14.2 kg (11.4-17.4) for underweight women, 14.5 kg (11.5-17.7) for normal weight women, 13.9 kg (10.1-17.9) for overweight women, and 11.2 kg (7.0-15.7), 8.7 kg (4.3-13.4) and 6.3 kg (1.9-11.1) for grades 1, 2, and 3 obese women, respectively. The rate of weight gain was lower in the first half than in the second half of pregnancy. No differences in the patterns of weight gain were observed between cohorts or countries. Similar weight gain patterns were observed in mothers without pregnancy complications.
Gestational weight gain patterns are strongly related to pre-pregnancy body mass index. The derived charts can be used to assess gestational weight gain in etiological research and as a monitoring tool for weight gain during pregnancy in clinical practice.
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