The idea of open source, stemming from software development is being applied in various fields, including urbanism, as the concept of Open Source Urbanism (OSU). This approach promotes a transparent ...process, where the methodology used and developed and the final outcomes are open for others to use, modify, adjust and even profit from while also sharing their process and results openly. In this paper, the principles and criteria of open source software are adopted for-, adjusted to and observed in the field of urban design and planning. The goal was to extract the criteria for determining the levels of urban projects being based on the principles of open source urbanism. Furthermore, the newly established criteria of OSU were applied and tested on three case studies of projects related urban spaces. The results show that the principles and criteria of open source software can be successfully used in urban design and planning. OSU principles can be applied on a wide range of projects and crossing different scales, from planting a tree to large-scale masterplan design.
From biological to socio-technical systems, rhythmic processes are pervasive in our environment. However, methods for their comprehensive analysis are prevalent only in specific fields that limit the ...transfer of knowledge across scientific disciplines. This hinders interdisciplinary research and integrative analyses of rhythms across different domains and datasets. In this paper, we review recent developments in cross-disciplinary rhythmicity research, with a focus on the importance of rhythmic analyses in urban planning and biomedical research. Furthermore, we describe the current state of the art of (integrative) computational methods for the investigation of rhythmic data. Finally, we discuss the further potential and propose necessary future developments for cross-disciplinary rhythmicity analysis to foster integration of heterogeneous datasets across different domains, as well as guide data-driven decision making beyond the boundaries of traditional intradisciplinary research, especially in the context of sustainable and healthy cities.
Travel time data and variability of travel times can be used to quantify the network performance as an important aspect of sustainable development in modern cities. We introduce a data collection and ...analysis framework to be employed as an integral part of a neighbourhood sustainability assessment (NSA). The proposed framework performs a targeted selection and evaluation of indicators based on publicly available traffic data, specifically addressing short-term observations of travel times and traffic counts. Entailing a hybrid and modular approach, we demonstrate the applicability of travel time reliability measures by combining different datasets, various variability estimators, and visualisation methods, to advance the interpretation strength of the assessment. Implemented are regression methods based on cosinor models, which allow us to analyse the rhythmic behaviour of travel time trends. These models can be applied to assess the differential rhythmicity among different factors, like route, weather conditions and type of day (i.e., weekend or workday). Further, the same datasets are used to evaluate two reliability metrics, i.e., a travel time index and a planning time index. We demonstrate the application of the suggested framework on several strategic routes associated with three testbed neighbourhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results show that average travel times and their variations are affected by route, day of the week, and weather conditions, and correlate with vehicles count data. Analyses of rhythmicity give straightforward insights into travel time trends, appropriate for comparative analysis and thus well-suited for use in NSA and monitoring practices. To the best of our knowledge, this work presents the first study quantifying reliability indicators intended for integration with NSA standards.
•Travel time distributions are analysed to formulate indicators for the neighbourhood sustainability assessment (NSA)•We enhance NSA methods based on short-term observations of travel times and traffic counts•Cosinor regression is applied for detection and characterization of rhythmicity of travel times•The interchangeable use and integration of two data sources, Google Direction API and roadway counters, is examined•The study provides recommendations for the straightforward analysis and presentation of travel times and their variability
This article addresses visual language in architecture and spatial disciplines, using it as a means of communicating and conveying information, knowledge and ideas about space that are permeated by ...their interdisciplinary character. We focus in particular on the transmission of messages between professionals and the general public, arguing that this process aids the long-term formation of a responsible and critical public, which is then able to take an active part in sustainable planning and design practices. The article highlights some findings of an empirical study of 245 people that tested the effectiveness of selected presentation techniques in communicating spatial messages to the general public and placing them in the framework of existing knowledge.
The article sets to examine broader theoretical scope of walkability, and research efforts dealing with measurement of walkable environments, with a specific aim to distil and translate walkability ...as a measure to walkability as a design principles toolbox of interventions and items. Overarching walkability themes are in due course branched out into more operational walkability principles and broken into further constituents of implementable interventions and items, derived from research and theoretical contributions of numerous authors. The focus lies on newly designed residential neighbourhoods, which we also demonstrate and extensively illustrate on an example of a proposed neighbourhood. Emphasis is placed on an integrative approach, where the holistic aspects of walkability – dealing with all of them at once – and its multidimensionality – intertwinement and co-dependency – are integral parts and built into the design, implementation, and use.
The article sets to examine broader theoretical scope of walkability, and research efforts dealing with measurement of walkable environments, with a specific aim to distil and translate walkability ...as a measure to walkability as a design principles toolbox of interventions and items. Overarching walkability themes are in due course branched out into more operational walkability principles and broken into further constituents of implementable interventions and items, derived from research and theoretical contributions of numerous authors. The focus lies on newly designed residential neighbourhoods, which we also demonstrate and extensively illustrate on an example of a proposed neighbourhood. Emphasis is placed on an integrative approach, where the holistic aspects of walkability – dealing with all of them at once – and its multidimensionality – intertwinement and co-dependency – are integral parts and built into the design, implementation, and use.
V prispevku se obravnava področje vidnega jezika v arhitekturi in prostorskih disciplinah, in sicer kot sredstva za komuniciranje in posredovanje informacij, znanja in zamisli o prostoru, ki jih ...problemsko zaznamuje interdisciplinarni značaj. Osredotočamo se na tisti del problematike, ki vključuje prenos sporočil od strokovne k splošni javnosti, in sicer na način, ki dolgoročno podpira izoblikovanje odgovorne in kritične publike, sposobne tvornega sodelovanja na vseh stopnjah trajnostnega načrtovanja in oblikovanja mestnega prostora. V članku predstavljamo nekatere rezultate empirične študije (N = 245), v kateri smo preverjali učinkovitost izbranih predstavitvenih tehnik pri prenosu prostorskih sporočil k splošni javnosti, ugotovitve pa umestimo v okvir obstoječega znanja na tem področju.
This article presents the attitude towards cultural and natural spatial values in the population who have completed elementary schooling. Identifying spatial values can be considered a fundamental ...skill of the active population, which are necessary for the deliberate activities in the existential and functional environment of every individual. An insight into the potential investors’ environmental value system is also useful for spatial disciplines. The results presented represent the conceptualisation of spatial values in a sample population (N=188) taken from four elementary schools. In relation to other research, the principal recognition of spatial values by teenagers is assessed, together with the limited possibilities of this knowledge into their local living environment. Conclusions can be drawn about their deficient knowledge of the cause-and-effect in the relationship in individual processes in both natural and constructed spaces. The reasons for such deficient knowledge on a local, living environment level are predominantly attributed to the influences of their domestic social environment. The superficial awareness of the values and aspects of space vulnerability also hints at the insufficient and incoherent teaching curriculum in the process of comprehensive education. Solutions might be found in upgrading existing teaching methods and techniques. Furthermore, by carefully setting specific teaching goals the comments mentioned above could be synthesised into a more palpable, logical whole.
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