Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising localized cancer treatment modality. It has been used successfully to treat a range of dermatological conditions with comparable efficacy to conventional ...treatments. However, some drawbacks limit the clinical utility of PDT in treating deep-seated tumors. Notably, the penetration limitation of UV and visible light, commonly applied to activate photosensitizers, makes PDT incompetent in treating deep-seated tumors. Development in light delivery technologies, especially fiber optics, led to improved clinical strategies for accessing deep tissues for irradiation. However, PDT efficacy issues remained partly due to light penetration limitations. In this review, we first summarized the current PDT applications for deep-seated tumor treatment. Then, the most recent progress in advanced techniques to overcome the light penetration limitation in PDT, including using functional nanomaterials that can either self-illuminate or be activated by near-infrared (NIR) light and X-rays as transducers, and implantable light delivery devices were discussed. Finally, current challenges and future opportunities of these technologies were discussed, which we hope may inspire the development of more effective techniques to enhance PDT efficacy against deep-seated tumors.
Abstract This article discusses the evolution of soft law concerning the link between corruption and human rights. Evolution is defined as the increase in quantity and/or quality in International ...Human Rights Institutions’ normative outputs concerning corruption and human rights in (non-legally binding) instruments. Previous scholarly research was used as the benchmark to assess the evolution. The results indicated quantitative and qualitative evolutions in the production of the normative outputs regarding the link between corruption and human rights. The number of normative outputs produced by the respective institutions doubled and a substantial content-based evolution was identified. However, no normative output explicitly addressing corruption as a violation of human rights was found. Considering the pivotal role of the normative outputs to guide the implementation of human rights promotion and protection, this article suggests that the International Human Rights Institutions should continue to address and further clarify the link between corruption and human rights.
Di era semakin berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan bertambahnya jurusan serta universitas baru baik di Indonesia maupun dunia, penelitian tentang integritas semakin meningkat. Salah satu penelitian ...menyebutkan bahwa banyak pelanggaran integritas yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa saat ujian. Penegakkan integritas dapat dimulai dengan adanya peraturan yang tegas bagi para pelanggar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan eksplorasi terkait dengan sanksi drop out bagi mahasiswa yang menyontek sebagai salah satu strategi penegakkan integritas akademik mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Enam langkah penelitian studi kasus Robert K. Yin digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu plan, design, prepare, collect, analyze, dan share. Analisa data menggunakan validitas data dengan membandingkan seluruh data yang diperoleh dengan tiga teknik pengumpulan yang dilakukan, mengklasifikasikan data berdasarkan pertanyaan penelitian, penggabungkan data yang diperoleh dalam bentuk tabel, dan terakhir membuat simpulan berdasarkan data yang telah diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak dari sanksi drop out bagi mahasiswa yang menyontek adalah munculnya kesadaran terkait dengan nilai integritas seperti jujur, tanggung jawab, timbulnya rasa percaya diri mahasiswa dalam mengerjakan soal ujian, dan mampu untuk menurunkan jumlah mahasiswa yang menyontek saat ujian.
Berdasarkan pengamatan di kelas IV SD Negeri 26 Lubuklinggau, banyak peserta didik yang mengalami kesulitan dalam belajar IPA. Hal ini berarti perlu adanya upaya-upaya dalam mengatasi kesulitan ...belajar IPA tersebut. Upaya-upaya tersebut telah banyak dilakukan, seperti memperhatikan penyebab kesulitan belajar tersebut, baik yang bersumber dari dalam peserta didik sendiri, seperti kurangnya minat peserta didik pada pembelajaran IPA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tidakan (action research), karena penelitian dilakukan untuk memecahkan masalah pembelajaran di kelas. Didalam pelaksanaan ini mengacu kepada rancangan beberapa siklus I dan II meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil perbaikan pembelajaran IPA yang telah dilaksanakan dapat ditarik simpulan penerapan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pembelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 26 Lubuklinggau. Keadaan sebelum perbaikan pembelajaran, jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar atau memperoleh nilai ? 70 baru mencapai 6 orang (25,00%), pada siklus 1 yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar 13 orang (65,00%) dan pada siklus 2 tingkat ketuntasan mencapai 18 orang (90,00%). Maka pelaksanaan pembelajaran IPA ini sudah dapat dikatakan berhasil karena sudah memenuhi syarat ketuntasan minimal klasikal yaitu 85% siswa yang mencapai nilai ? 70
This study evaluated differences in the clinical appearance of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on plasma level and regulation of microRNAs (miRNA-29c, miRNA-21, and miRNA-155). The ...observational-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 36 HCC patients and 36 healthy controls. The blood samples were collected from 2 Province Hospitals (Dr. Sardjito Hospital and Prof. Dr. Margono Soekarjo Hospital) for HCC and the Blood Bank Donor of the Indonesian Red Cross for 36 healthy controls. These blood samples were treated as follows: plasma isolation, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, quantification by qRT-PCR using a sequence-specific forward primer, and normalization of miRNA using housekeeping-stably miRNA-16. There were only 27 HCC patients with complete clinical variables (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), platelet count, albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and cholinesterase (ChE)) that were able to analyses for regulation miRNAs based on its fold change expression miRNA target. All 27 HCC subjects were follow-up until 3-years of monitoring for their overall survival. The miRNA plasma expression was analyzed by Bio-Rad CFX 96 Manager software to determine the cycle of quantification, followed by the calculation of expression levels using Livak's methods. Data were analyzed using STATA 11.0, with a significant value of p<0.05. The miRNAs expression of HCC subjects were lower than that healthy control subjects in miRNA-29c (down-regulation 1.83-fold), higher than that healthy control subjects in miRNA 21 and miRNA-155 (up-regulation, 1.74-fold; 1.55-fold) respectively. NLR, CRP, ChE, and platelet count showed a significant difference in miRNA-29c regulation, though neutrophil count showed a significant difference in miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 regulation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Plasma biomarkers: miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 might be potential biomarkers as onco-miR in HCC subjects, while miRNA-29c might act as a tumor suppressor. Significant evidence was identified with clinical progression based on the regulation of miRNAs, which was consistent with miRNA -29c.
The ability to understand mathematical concepts in learning mathematics needs to be mastered by students to support the learning process and solve various mathematical problems. This study aims to ...determine the effect of the Hermeneutics-Assisted learning model of gamification teaching materials on the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students. This research is a type of Quasy Experimental Design research with a 3×1 factorial research design. The data collection technique in this study was a test of the ability to understand mathematical concepts. The data analysis techniques used are normality test, homogeneity test, and one-way analysis of variance. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that there was an effect of applying the Hermeneutics learning model assisted by gamification teaching materials on the ability to understand students' mathematical concepts. Hermeneutics learning model assisted by gamification teaching materials has a significant influence on the ability to understand mathematical concepts of students.
Praise be to Almighty God for His blessings on National Seminar of Mathematics and Mathematics Education in collaboration with Mathematics Education Study Program STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat with ...IndoMS. We expected for the success of this seminar and all parties involved on this event. Welcome to STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat for the honorable Keynote Speakers, speakers and all participants and invitees who had already attended this National Seminar. Hopefully, all participants could get advantages towards the increasing their respective roles on the interests of Science and Technology as well as the interests of our beloved society, Nation and Country of Indonesia. National Seminar of Mathematics and Mathematics Education themed "Innovation of Mathematics Learning in Era 4.0" was held on Saturday, October 5 th, 2019 at the Hall of B Building STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. The theme was in line with the demands of the teaching and teaching profession to always improve professionalism, so that creative and innovative learning could be achieved in an effort to produce creative students as well. Therefore, the 2013 curriculum development was carried out in an effort to improve the quality of education to produce graduates who were able to face the future life. It was specifically on the 4.0 industrial revolution Era at this time where student creativity must also have another ability to integrate Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), especially in learning of mathematics, which was considered appropriate to overcome the student's displeasure of Mathematics Course. There have been many studies developed in the world of mathematics education. It is necessary to provide an event to socialize research results. Therefore, we organize National Seminar on Mathematics and Mathematics Education. The seminar was attended by more than 150 participants, presented 132 papers orally and highlighted by two Keynote Speakers. Topics of discussion covered mathematics and mathematics education. We expected that this seminar, not only being a medium for disseminating research results, but it also became a media for sharing research experiences to improve research both in terms of the quality and quantity of basic research results, especially in the field of mathematics education to support the advancement of science and technology in the future. Through the implementation of this seminar, we express our gratitude to President of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat who has fully supported the organization of this seminar, Keynote speakers, participants, donors, committee, and all parties involved. On this occasion, we express apologies for all the shortcomings in organizing this seminar. May we always be protected by God, so that we can meet again in the same forum in the future. thank you. Head of Committee Ratulani Juwita, M.Pd
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