•Antenatal depression prevalence in Turkish pregnant women is three times higher than in Spanish pregnant women.•Family structure influences mood state of pregnant women and produces differences ...between Turkish and Spanish women.•Most Turkish women do not perceive any support from their partners and this feature becomes a vulnerability factor to antenatal depression.•Stress coping strategies are also different, i.e. Turkish women more often pray and Spanish women prefer to talk.
Depression is the most frequent mental disorder during pregnancy, and its prevalence is at least as high as that of postnatal depression. Differences between Western and Eastern countries may exist according to cultural and educational factors.
to determine the influence of social and cultural factors on the mood state of a multicultural sample of 514 Turkish and Spanish pregnant women at the beginning of the pregnancy.
Between October and December 2017 250 Turkish and 264 Spanish pregnant women attending their first pregnancy medical check-up between 10 and 12 weeks of pregnancy were recruited (264 in Málaga, 102 in Istanbul and 148 in Antalya). These women completed a questionnaire that included the Turkish or Spanish validated versions of the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EDS) and a series of questions related to health status, general mood, and sociodemographic variables.
Turkish women scored significantly higher with a mean value of 12.1 (SD 4.2) against 7.6 (SD 4.3) of Spanish women. Coping strategies and matters of women´s concern were also different. A total of 9.1% of Spanish and 30% of Turkish scored over cut-off point of 13. We found differences in EDS scores regarding the type of work, working status, and educational level. Family structure and perceived support were identified as specific risk factors for antenatal depression (AD). The multivariate regression model showed that best predictor variables for EDS score in the global sample were the country of recruitment, the number of living children, the pregnancy planning and the perceived partner´s support.
Our results confirm the existence of important differences in AD prevalence between Turkish (30.0%) and Spanish (9.9%) pregnant women. Some sociocultural features like having more children, unplanned pregnancies, or perceiving poor support from the partner, become important vulnerability factors.
The paradigm is a vital concept steering the development of a scientific discipline. Paradigms that shape the education, research, and practice steps of a discipline are defined as metaparadigms.
The ...purpose of this study was to explore the perception of nursing students regarding metaparadigms in nursing at Akdeniz University in Antalya, Turkey.
This was designed as a descriptive phenomenological study, and data were collected from 13 fourth-year students who were chosen via a purposeful sampling method and interviewed face-to-face using a semistructured format. Data were analyzed using the data analysis steps of Giorgi, who is an expert in descriptive phenomenological studies.
Most of the participants in this study associated nursing with humanism. Some of the participants stated that a fundamental building block of the nursing profession is conscience, whereas others stated that nursing is a way to touch people's lives and is now regarded as a professional practice. It has been reported that students have difficulties identifying metaparadigms in nursing and that they believe that human beings have the potential to widen their horizons with wisdom and social skills. According to the participants, the health metaparadigm refers to the harmony between human beings and their environment and to the autonomy of the individual. Moreover, the participants emphasized the well-being of individuals.
The participants in this study characterized humans with well-being, transcendence, adaptation and interaction skills with their environment, and harmony beyond physiological mechanisms, which was considered to be promising for the perception of future nurses. It is recommended for nursing educators to enable their students to raise their professional awareness and to internalize professional values.
This study aimed to examine fathers’ experiences of perinatal loss systematically. It was conducted using the meta-synthesis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods. The literature ...review was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Psyc-INFO databases using keywords, and the results of 17 qualitative studies that meet the research criteria were included in the study. The data were evaluated using the thematic analysis method. Eight main themes were found: being a father, things experienced when the loss is learnt, things experienced by the fathers after the loss, being strong as a male, ways to cope with the loss, support, practices applied for the lost baby, and neglected group of fathers. The results showed that fathers were affected like mothers after perinatal loss.
Posttraumatic growth is a positive psychological change that occurs as a result of tackling vital crises. Although cancer is perceived as a fatal disease, the individual's struggle with many negative ...conditions during diagnosis and treatment can provide positive change and development. The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure of the posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) in Turkish cancer patients. This study included 265 cancer patients receiving treatment at the chemotherapy unit of two university hospitals located in northern Turkey. Percentages, frequencies, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to analyse the data, and Cronbach's α measured internal consistency. EFA yielded a five‐factor structure: Spiritual and existential change, change in perception of life and selfness, relating to others, personal strength and new possibilities. Fit indices for CFA were root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), 0.06; non‐normed fit index (NNFI), 0.92; comparative fit index (CFI), 0.90; root mean residuals (RMR), 0.06; and goodness‐of‐fit index (GFI), 0.90. The overall Cronbach's α of the scale was 0.93. PTGI was determined as a reliable and valid tool for Turkish cancer patients. PTGI, which has a determined validity and reliability rate, can be used by healthcare professionals working with oncology patients to evaluate the positive psychological growth and changes in cancer patients and determine their adoption rate.
This study aims to examine the impact of a Down syndrome diagnosis on mothers’ experiences in Turkey and to understand how they construct their mothering in the context of personal growth despite the ...emotional and social difficulties they encounter. Grounded theory was used in this study. Data were taken from in-depth interviews with 15 mothers, and analysed using a systematic and hierarchical approach based on a constant comparative method. There also emerged three primary categories: reconstruction of mothering; factors affecting the process; and response to the changing life. The mothers explained that they experienced personal growth, such as feeling stronger, improving their ability to communicate, and becoming “closer to God”. More cultural research is needed to explore the unique nature of the experiences and personal growth processes of mothers of children with Down syndrome.
•Mothers of children with DS may experience personal growth.•The coping strategies used by mothers were religious rituals and peer support.•Mothers needed sufficient information, social and moral support.•Interdisciplinary teamwork is required to recognise the difficulties.
Although gynecological cancers are among the most common cancers worldwide, these diagnoses are among the most traumatic experiences in women's lives. This study aimed to examine the effects of ...logotherapy-based, nurse-guided meaning attribution conversations (MACs) on traumatic stress symptoms, post-traumatic growth, spiritual well-being, and life meaning attribution in gynecological cancer patients. This single-blind, randomized controlled trial consisted of face-to-face interviews with 68 women with gynecological cancer who received chemotherapy at Karadeniz Technical University Health Application And Research Center Farabi Hospital in 2019. Women in the intervention group underwent seven MAC sessions, whereas women in the control group only received routine nursing care. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form (PIF), the Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale (TSSS), the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Descriptive statistics and parametric and nonparametric tests (Mann - Whitney U-test, Friedman test, Chi-squared test, and Fisher's exact test) were used to analyze the data. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05246462). We observed statistically significant differences in the post-intervention and follow-up mean TSSS, PTGI, and MLQ scores (p = .000) between groups. However, mean total SWBS scores were not significantly different between groups (p = .145). This study demonstrated that MACs decreased the traumatic stress symptoms of women with gynecological cancer and increased their post-traumatic growth and ability to attribute meaning to life, but did not affect their spiritual well-being.
The body image of women in the postpartum period can be far from society's idealised body, and this can cause body dissatisfaction. This qualitative study aimed to evaluate the body image perception ...of women who had started working in the postpartum period, based on the grounded theory research method. A total of 22 face-to-face interviews were conducted with participants who were actively involved in working life and between 3 months and 1 year postpartum. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with a personal information form and semi-structured interview form. Coding created four main categories ('weight fluctuations and body shape', 'body-related perception', 'body-related responses from the environment' and 'body perception improvement process') and eight sub-categories. The results found that the postpartum period is a sensitive one for working women, where they have both positive and negative experiences. Their responsibilities increase, they have little time for themselves and their bodies, they experience body image dissatisfaction, and they expect support from their spouses, families, social circles and health professionals.
Impact Statement
What is already known on this subject? Postpartum body image is an important research subject because it expands the scope of body image literature and has significant effects on gender problems. Not being able to lose the weight gained in postpartum period or the weight gained during pregnancy is an important problem for women. With women starting working life, this period seems to be a more sensitive and anxious one for some women.
What do the results of this study add? Most of the women in this study experience body dissatisfaction in the postpartum period. Some women do not want to leave the house because of their negative body image perceptions. It is an important finding that women want their spouse to gain weight during this period.
What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The findings of our study revealed that working mothers in the postpartum period have difficulty in sparing time for themselves and their bodies due to increased responsibilities. Working women are in particular need for more support due to their increased workloads, roles and responsibilities in childcare. Our study may guide future studies focussing on women's body image perceptions and influencing factors.
Childbirth self-efficacy is a useful measure for determining a woman's confidence in managing childbirth and for determining any preconceptions that require reinforcement. Childbirth self-efficacy is ...also particularly helpful in advising not only how to cope with birth, but also maternal well-being and fostering the improvement of a wide variety of perinatal outcomes. The present study aims to determine the factors affecting childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant women. The sample size consisted of 380 pregnant women between the ages of 18 and 45. Data were collected via face to face interviews using the Childbirth Self Efficacy Scale Short Form (CBSEI-32) in the Akdeniz University Hospital between November 2019 and February 2020 and used Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector analyses, resulting in a mean CBSEI-32 score of 244.279 ± 45.121. As a result of the analysis, it was seen that income status affects self-efficacy, and personal experiences such as foetal loss affect a woman's childbirth self-efficacy. In addition, it was also found that the level of prenatal education affected childbirth self-efficacy. Health professionals should assess pregnant women during the antenatal period in terms of their childbirth self efficacy and prepare personalised training programs and plan initiatives to increase perceptions of self-efficacy.
IMPACT STATEMENT
What is already known on this subject? Childbirth self-efficacy is one of the important psychological parameters to determine a woman's belief in her confidence in managing childbirth and to measure women's perceptions of her need for reinforcement.
What do the results of this study add? Sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of women affect their childbirth self-efficacy perception positively and negatively. Women's birth self-efficacy can be improved positively with prenatal education. In addition, it is one of the interesting findings of the study that the self-efficacy level of women who had a previous low experience was high.
What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Women's childbirth self efficacy can be improved with trainings and appropriate nursing interventions. For this reason, it is important to determine the factors affecting the self-efficacy perception of women. In future studies, the childbirth self-efficacy perceptions of women in different samples (risky pregnancy, disabled pregnant, etc.) should be measured.
Background
Nurses are considered important healthcare professionals during the management of the pandemic process due to the considerable amount of time they spend in the face‐to‐face nursing of ...infected patients. To optimise the service of healthcare workers, it is recommended that the mental health needs of the health workforce are addressed.
Aims and Objectives
This study aimed to explore the experiences and coping strategies of Turkish nurses working in pandemic units.
Methods
A grounded theory design was applied. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 15 nurses. The data were analysed according to the constant comparative method.
Results
The study generated a core category (‘It was difficult working in the unknown, but our struggle to touch lives gave us strength’), showing that all nurses felt heroic via the satisfaction of touching patients’ lives and uncertain. Four main categories emerged: being caught in the pandemic, empowerment for coping with the struggle, challenges during the coping process and effects of the pandemic on life.
Conclusions
Nurses felt that their profession was sacred and valued by society, and comprehensive support had facilitated the process. Nurses had difficulty in managing their fear of infecting others and adapting to many new elements, the learning process and a lack of understanding of their role as team members. The nurses attending to the pandemic have experienced the effects of COVID‐19 on their lives, such as psychological growth, psychological symptoms and being labelled as high risk.
Relevance to clinical practice
Nurses would be further empowered by government and society's support and acceptance of professionalism in nursing. The findings suggest that the resources for the psychological support of nurses in the pandemic should be increased. Regular and intensive training for nursing is necessary to promote adaptation and efficacy in crisis management.
The overall aim was to explore the prevalence and persistent regular prescription of opioids and paracetamol among nursing home (NH) residents with dementia at admission and over time. A total of 996 ...residents with dementia, mean (SD) age 84.5 (7.6) years and (36.1% men), were included at admission (A1). Yearly assessments were performed for two years (A2 and A3) or until death. Pain was assessed using the Mobilization-Observation-Behavior-Intensity-Dementia-2 (MOBID-2) Pain Scale. Information regarding prescription of analgesics, general physical health, personal activities of daily living, severity of dementia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and prescription of psychotropic drugs was collected. A generalized linear mixed model was used to explore whether pain severity was associated with persistent and persistent prescription of opioids and/or paracetamol across timepoints. At A1, 495 of 996 (49.7%) NH residents were prescribed analgesics and prevalence increased at the follow-ups (A2: n = 630, 65.1%; A3: n = 382, 71.2%). Paracetamol was the most frequently prescribed analgesic at all assessments (A1: 45.5%; A2: 59.5%; A3: 67.1%). Opioid prescriptions were quite prevalent (A1: 18.1%; A2: 25.1%; A3: 28.3%), with odds approximately 13 times (OR = 13.3, 95% CI 6.8-26.0) and 9 times (OR = 8.6, 95% CI 3.7-20.3) higher for prescription at follow-up A2 and A3, respectively, relative to prescription at A1. In adjusted analyses, higher pain intensity and poor physical health were associated with prescription and persistent prescription of opioids and paracetamol. In conclusion, prevalence and persistent prescription of analgesics were high in NH residents with dementia. The odds for the prescription of opioids at follow-up were high if prescribed at baseline. Interdisciplinary collaboration, routine assessment of pain at admission and regularly thereafter, and systematic drug reviews are essential to adequately assess and treat pain in NH residents with dementia.
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