Lignin is the mass waste product of pulp and paper industry mostly incinerated for energy recovery. Lignin is, however, a substantial source of raw material for derivatives currently produced in ...costly wet oxidation processes. The pulsed corona discharge (PCD) for the first time was applied to lignin oxidation aiming a cost-effective environmentally friendly lignin removal and transformation to aldehydes. The experimental research into treatment of coniferous kraft lignin aqueous solutions was undertaken to establish the dependence of lignin oxidation and aldehyde formation on the discharge parameters, initial concentration of lignin and gas phase composition. The rate and the energy efficiency of lignin oxidation increased with increasing oxygen concentration reaching up to 82 g kW ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ in 89% vol. oxygen. Oxidation energy efficiency in PCD treatment exceeds the one for conventional ozonation by the factor of two under the experimental conditions. Oxidation at low oxygen concentrations showed a tendency of the increasing aldehydes and glyoxylic acid formation yield.
Efficient overall processing of wood biomass still lacks suitable concepts for analytical strategies. The traditional strategy is based on compound-targeted analytical tools, which, however, tend to ...expand the range of required methods for each unit process and restrict the amount of results gained from process monitoring. Especially, development of heterogeneous bioprocess streams would benefit from expanding the range of results gained from applied analytical methods. Therefore, this study was executed in order to demonstrate a novel strategy for the analytical methods to meet the requirements of suitable and efficient process monitoring. The advantages of a novel strategy for interpretation of chemical analysis results by exploiting capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with ultraviolet (UV) detection at two complementary wavelengths are presented. Electropherograms of wood-based bioprocess samples were studied as examples with a heterogeneous composition of carbohydrates. Results show that a fairly simple CZE method has the advantage of providing a thorough characterisation of the sample profiles in the preliminary identification of unknown compounds in a heterogeneous wood-based sample.
•GC–EI-MS/MS technique in statin analyses.•MRM in quantification.•Determination of statins in wood based fluids.•Hydrolysation of pine with Pleurotus ostreatus.
Statins were separated and quantified ...with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–EI-MS/MS) using total ion monitoring (TIC) and multiple reactions monitoring (MRM). The MRM method in statins determination has a novelty value, since there are no previous studies on their simultaneous analysis in environmental or plant samples. The method development and optimization was challenging due to the physicochemical similarities of the silylated lovastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and atorvastatin. The results showed that the use of MRM decreased their detection and quantification limits by factors of 2–10 compared to that obtained in TIC monitoring. The concentration calibration was made between 247.5ng/L and 9900ng/L. Limits of detection and quantification were between 50ng/L (lovastatin)–500ng/L (pravastatin) and 250ng/L (lovastatin)–1000ng/L (pravastatin), respectively. Based on the MRM results, the wood bark and phloem samples contained lovastatin, lovastatin–lactone, simvastatin, simvastatin–lactone, and pravastatin. Their concentrations were 250–3000μg/L, i.e. 4.2–50mg/kg in phloem and bark. However, they were not detected in fluids made with Pleurotus ostreatus fermentation of wood core.
The aim of this research was to extend an existing capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, originally developed for the determination of mono- and disaccharides, to the determination of alternative ...carbohydrate compounds, namely furfural and polydatin. Empirical validation confirms that this novel method can be applied for the determination of analyte concentrations from complex matrices, and the evaluation of their carbohydrate composition. It is concluded that the approach has validity as an analytical procedure and has the ability to determine industrially important analytes from a heterogeneous biological sample matrix, and thus, the method adds value to the development of large scale separation processes. However, some additional optimization is required before online applications.
A critical discussion of the in-house validation procedure presents the benefits of an application of a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method in aqueous process samples consisting of various types of ...carbohydrates. This study emphasized the complexity of CE via validation procedure, in the case of heterogeneous processes. An in-house validation procedure of a capillary electrophoretic method aiming at analysis of aqueous process samples with heterogeneous matrices was evaluated. The validation parameters were discussed through an example case of a CE method, developed for the determination of saccharose, glucose and polydatin, applied in calibration solutions and process samples. The validation data was used in evaluation of uncertainty components. The results from the in-house validation procedure showed that the most critical parameter in the determination of uncertainty was repeatability. Selectivity and reproducibility are also critical, particularly in the case of analyzing heterogeneous samples with changing composition. Especially in process analytical applications the evaluation of uncertainty factors was concluded to be essential, as in addition to process conditions the sample composition itself caused variation.
Monitoring wood-related biorefinery process streams is important as the composition of raw material and its variations have a great impact on the production outcome as well as on the process control. ...In this paper, the applicability of a simple type of capillary zone electrophoresis method to profiling heterogeneous wood-based samples was studied by grouping the peaks in the overall electropherograms. A comparison between 210 and 270 nm as an example confirmed the identification of a monosaccharide peak in the carbohydrate electropherogram. The analytical method applied in this study was found suitable, firstly, in profiling the samples based on correlation of multiple detection wavelengths and, secondly, in characterizing the total carbohydrate composition by grouping detected peaks by the compound type. Compounds were detected in their extracted form without time-consuming pretreatment procedures. Differences in the raw material and process conditions were successfully identified by comparing characteristic peaks in the sample electropherograms of an example case.
