Researchers agree that the predominant scripts of campus sexual culture, normalizing casual encounters with ambiguous distinctions between hookups and dating, offer contradictory risks and rewards ...for young adults, particularly young women. The arrival of the novel coronavirus in 2020, however, upended the lives of young adults just as they were shaping sexual and romantic careers. We ask, extending critical intersectional approaches, whether the global pandemic, like a natural experiment, might challenge troubling exclusionary as well as gendered aspects of contemporary sexual culture. In‐depth interviews with 40 “twenty‐somethings” completing undergraduate degrees at a selective university at two points over a year apart found that for most the pandemic offered a needed respite. We suggest: first, many young women used the disruption to prioritize their autonomy, with increased partner churn and detachment. Second, some sexual and racial minority participants, and the few with physical disabilities, reported the pandemic normalized their experience as outsiders, strengthening their self‐development. Finally, the more intentional dating practices one participant named “Covid consent” lessened gendered risks of sexual violence and modeled mutual respect for boundaries. While those without class privilege had less ability to enact such boundaries, pandemic challenges may point to healthier, more inclusive sexual scripts.
Researchers agree that the predominant scripts of campus sexual culture, normalizing casual encounters with ambiguous distinctions between hookups and dating, offer contradictory risks and rewards ...for young adults, particularly young women. The arrival of the novel coronavirus in 2020, however, upended the lives of young adults just as they were shaping sexual and romantic careers. We ask, extending critical intersectional approaches, whether the global pandemic, like a natural experiment, might challenge troubling exclusionary as well as gendered aspects of contemporary sexual culture. In‐depth interviews with 40 “twenty‐somethings” completing undergraduate degrees at a selective university at two points over a year apart found that for most the pandemic offered a needed respite. We suggest: first, many young women used the disruption to prioritize their autonomy, with increased partner churn and detachment. Second, some sexual and racial minority participants, and the few with physical disabilities, reported the pandemic normalized their experience as outsiders, strengthening their self‐development. Finally, the more intentional dating practices one participant named “Covid consent” lessened gendered risks of sexual violence and modeled mutual respect for boundaries. While those without class privilege had less ability to enact such boundaries, pandemic challenges may point to healthier, more inclusive sexual scripts.
Abstract
We have previously developed a bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) device, which was shown to be effective in detecting delirium and predicting patient outcomes. In this study we aimed ...to apply the BSEEG approach for a sepsis. This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center. Sepsis-positive cases were identified based on retrospective chart review. EEG raw data and calculated BSEEG scores were obtained in the previous studies. The relationship between BSEEG scores and sepsis was analyzed, as well as the relationship among sepsis, BSEEG score, and mortality. Data were analyzed from 628 patients. The BSEEG score from the first encounter (1st BSEEG) showed a significant difference between patients with and without sepsis (
p
= 0.0062), although AUC was very small indicating that it is not suitable for detection purpose. Sepsis patients with high BSEEG scores showed the highest mortality, and non-sepsis patients with low BSEEG scores showed the lowest mortality. Mortality of non-sepsis patients with high BSEEG scores was as bad as that of sepsis patients with low BSEEG scores. Even adjusting for age, gender, comorbidity, and sepsis status, BSEEG remained a significant predictor of mortality (
p
= 0.008). These data are demonstrating its usefulness as a potential tool for identification of patients at high risk and management of sepsis.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Detecting delirium is important to identify patients with a high risk of poor outcomes. Although many different kinds of screening instruments for delirium exist, there is no ...solid consensus about which methods are the most effective. In addition, it is important to find the most useful tools in predicting outcomes such as mortality.
DESIGN
Retrospective cohort study.
SETTING
University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics.
PARTICIPANTS
A total of 1,125 adult inpatients (mean age = 67.7; median age = 69).
MEASUREMENTS
Post hoc analyses were performed based on existing data from the Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit (CAM‐ICU), Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised‐98 (DRS), and the Delirium Observation Screening Scale (DOSS). Correlation among these scales and relationships between 365‐day mortality and each scale were evaluated.
RESULTS
A positive result on the CAM‐ICU (“CAM‐ICU positive”) was associated with higher DRS and DOSS scores. A DRS score = 9/10 was the best cutoff to detect CAM‐ICU positive, and DOSS = 2/3 was the best cutoff to detect CAM‐ICU positive. CAM‐ICU positive was associated with high 365‐day mortality. DRS score = 9/10 and DOSS score = 0/1 were found to differentiate mortality risk the most significantly. Higher DRS and DOSS scores significantly coincided with a decrease in a patient's survival rate at 365 days.
CONCLUSION
The best DRS and DOSS cutoff scores to differentiate 365‐day mortality risk were lower than those commonly used to detect delirium in the literature. New cutoff scores for the DRS and DOSS might be useful in differentiating risk of mortality among hospital patients.
Metformin has been reported to improve age-related disorders, including dementia, and to lower mortality. This study was conducted to investigate whether metformin use lower delirium risk, as well as ...long-term mortality.
In this retrospective cohort study, previously recruited 1,404 subjects were analyzed. The relationship between metformin use and delirium, and the relationship between metformin use and 3-year mortality were investigated.
242 subjects were categorized into a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)-without-metformin group, and 264 subjects were categorized into a DM-with-metformin group. Prevalence of delirium was 36.0% in the DM-without-metformin group, and 29.2% in the DM-with-metformin group. A history of metformin use reduced the risk of delirium in patients with DM (OR, 0.50 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.79) after controlling for confounding factors. The 3-year mortality in the DM-without-metformin group (survival rate, 0.595 95% CI, 0.512 to 0.669) was higher than in the DM-with-metformin group (survival rate, 0.695 95% CI, 0.604 to 0.770) (p=0.035). A history of metformin use decreased the risk of 3-year mortality after adjustment for confounding factors (HR, 0.69 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.98).
Metformin use may lower the risk of delirium and mortality in DM patients.
Abstract
Complications of delirium and dementia increase mortality; however, it is difficult to diagnose delirium accurately, especially among dementia patients. The bispectral electroencephalography ...score can detect delirium and predict mortality in elderly patients. We aimed to develop an efficient and reliable bispectral electroencephalography device for high-throughput screening. We also hypothesized that bispectral electroencephalography score can predict mortality among dementia patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2018 to measure bispectral electroencephalography from elderly patients and correlate with outcomes. A total of 502 elderly (55 years old or older) patients with and without dementia were enrolled. For a replication of the utility of bispectral electroencephalography, mortalities between bispectral electroencephalography-positive and bispectral electroencephalography-negative group were compared. In addition, patients with and without dementia status were added to examine the utility of bispectral electroencephalography among dementia patients. The mortality within 180 days in the bispectral electroencephalography-positive group was higher than that of the bispectral electroencephalography-negative group in both the replication and the total cohorts. Mortality of those in the bispectral electroencephalography-positive group showed a dose-dependent increase in both cohorts. When the dementia patients showed bispectral electroencephalography positive, their mortality was significantly higher than those with dementia but who were bispectral electroencephalography-negative. Mortality within 30 days in the bispectral electroencephalography-positive group was significantly higher than that of the bispectral electroencephalography-negative group. The utility of the bispectral electroencephalography to predict mortality among large sample of 502 elderly patients was shown. The bispectral electroencephalography score can predict mortality among elderly patients in general, and even among dementia patients, as soon as 30 days.
Saito et al. aimed to show that their bispectral electroencephalography (BSEEG) method can capture brain wave abnormalities indicative of delirium and predict mortality among elderly patients with and without dementia. They previously showed the usefulness of BSEEG with 274 inpatients, and this time they studied an additional 228 subjects to replicate their findings.
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Video Abstract
10.1093/braincomms/fcab037media1
Video Abstract
fcab037media1
6252922364001
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