Background and Objective
Recently, porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM) has been proposed as a possible alternative to autogenous grafts in periodontal plastic surgery. The aim of the present study ...was to investigate the in vitro responses of four different oral cell lines cultured on a novel PADM. Furthermore, tissue reaction to PADM was evaluated histologically after subcutaneous implantation in mice.
Material and Methods
Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), human osteoblast‐like cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human oral keratinocytes (HOK) were cultured and transferred on to the PADM. A tissue culture polystyrene surface served as the control. The viability of all tested cell lines on PADM was measured by using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay and PrestoBlue® reagent. The ToxiLight® assay was performed to analyze the effect of PADM on adenylate kinase release. PADM was implanted into nude mice subcutaneously and subjected to histological analysis after 21 d.
Results
Using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assays, all tested cell lines cultured on PADM demonstrated a significant increase of viability compared to the control group (each p < 0.001) with the exception of HGF and HOK after 3 d (each p > 0.05). According to the PrestoBlue® analysis, all cell lines demonstrated a significant increase of viability compared to the control group at the particular points of measurement after 18 h (HGF p < 0.01; human osteoblast‐like cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, HOK each p < 0.001). No significant cytotoxic effects of PADM on the tested cell lines could be observed, as assessed by changes in adenylate kinase release. Subcutaneous implantation of PADM into nude mice demonstrated good integration with surrounding tissues and significant revascularization of its collagen structure.
Conclusion
Overall, the results suggest that PADM is a promising substitute for autogenous soft tissue grafts in periodontal surgery.
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the combination of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) plus coronally advanced flap (CAF) would ...improve the treatment outcomes of Miller class I and II gingival recessions when compared with the same technique (SCTG plus CAF) alone.
Methods
The study was designed as a randomized, parallel, controlled, double‐blinded clinical trial. Forty‐two patients were randomly assigned in the test group (SCTG plus EMD) and in the control group (SCTG). Patients had at least one gingival recession ≥ 2 mm. The clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 14 d, 1, 3, 6 and 12 mo follow‐up time points.
Results
Forty‐two patients, 21 in the test group (SCTG plus EMD) and 21 in the control group (SCTG), aged 21–48 years (mean age 31 ± 8.56) were initially included in the study. Both treatments, STCG plus EMD and SCTG, resulted in a significant final mean root coverage (2.91 ± 0.95mm and 2.91 ± 1.29 mm, respectively) (p < 0.001) and in a high mean percentage of root coverage (82.25 ± 22.20% and 89.75 ± 17.33%, respectively) (p < 0.001), 1 year after surgery. The differences in mean root coverage recorded for the two techniques after 1 year, were not statistically significant (p = 0.19). Complete root coverage was achieved in 56.5% of patients treated with SCTG plus EMD and in 70.6% of patients treated with SCTG (p = 0.275), 1 year after treatment.
Conclusions
The present study failed to demonstrate any additional clinical benefits when EMD was added to SCTG plus CAF.
Introduction
Three-dimensional collagen matrices (3D-CMs) may be visualized by cumbersome reconstructions of serial sections. We report here on the method of synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic ...microscopy (SRXTM) to image 3D-CMs in native tissue probes.
Material and methods
SRXTM of 3D-CMs (mucoderm®, mucograft®) was performed at the TOMCAT beamline of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Villigen, Switzerland).
Results
SRXTM combines the advantages of high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging with the low-resolution reconstructions of micro-CT (μCT) imaging. It may be used to non-destructively visualize and analyze structures within the 3D-CMs without the need of serial sectioning and reconstruction.
Conclusion
High-resolution SRXTM is a useful tool in analyzing the topology and morphometry of structures in 3D-CMs. The outcome justifies the efforts in sophisticated data processing.
Clinical relevance
SRXTM may help to understand the clinical characteristics of 3D-CMs in more detail.
Inflammatory disorders of the periodontium are often associated with chronic systemic diseases, which can demonstrate a reciprocal influence. Within the adult population at present, 74% of younger ...adults and 88% of older individuals require periodontal treatment. Due to inflammatory processes, patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other chronic polyarthritides frequently suffer from pain in the temporomandibular joint and, since finger mobility is often limited, their ability to perform oral hygiene measures is impeded. However, diligent and constant oral hygiene is of crucial importance both for maintaining a healthy periodontium and to prevent the development of caries. For their daily dental care, these patients should favor the use of electric toothbrushes, products for interdental cleaning and mouth rinses. The dentist should be informed immediately about increased and constant gingival bleeding, gingival hyperplasia, loosening or migration of teeth associated with gingival recession or other irritations in the oral cavity. Professional dental cleaning should be routinely performed at 3- to 6-month intervals in order to prevent an increase in the risk for periodontal disease.
To investigate the prevalence of periodontitis in a young population representative for the North-western part of Romania (Transylvania) and to identify possible risk indicators of periodontitis.
The ...study is a cross-sectional epidemiological survey. The subjects were students randomly sampled from three universities in Cluj-Napoca and high school students from the neighboring city of Bistrita. The sample size of the population was calculated. Overall, 623 subjects aged 16–35years were evaluated, of which 488 were university students and 135 high school students. A structured questionnaire was administrated to collect information on socio-behavioral status and oral hygiene habits. Periodontal data was collected using a full-mouth methodology by trained examiners. A recent introduced case definition was used to pick up periodontitis cases.
The older the subject, the more frequent toothbrushing, dental visits, and use of interproximal hygiene devices, but also addiction to tobacco and alcohol consumption. The prevalence of periodontitis was 0.96% (n=6). Half of these subjects (n=3, 0.48%) were considered to have aggressive periodontitis (AP). Low frequency of toothbrush changing was identified to influence the development of periodontitis. Smoking and lower socioeconomic level did not seem to correlate with periodontal disease in the present study.
In order to better understand the prevalence of periodontal diseases and identify periodontitis cases as well as to evaluate the impact of specific behavioral factors on the disease development in individual and population levels, further extensive screenings are obviously required. Periodontal prevention programs focusing on oral health behavior are mandatory.
L’analyse de la prévalence de la parodontite chez les jeunes de la région Nord-Ouest de la Roumanie (Transylvanie) et l’identification des facteurs de risque de cette maladie.
Dans cette étude transversale les sujets ont été tirés au sort dans trois universités de Cluj-Napoca et dans un lycée d’une ville voisine, Bistrita. La taille de l’échantillon a été calculée. Au total, 623 sujets âgés de 16 à 35ans ont été évalués (488 étudiants et 135 élèves). Les participants ont complété un questionnaire pour collecter des informations sur quelques facteurs comportementaux et des habitudes d’hygiène orale. Le bilan parodontal a été réalisé pour toutes les dents selon un même protocole d’examen. Une définition récente a été utilisée pour identifier les parodontites.
L’âge était positivement corrélé avec la fréquence du brossage, les visites de contrôle et l’utilisation des moyens d’hygiène interdentaire, ainsi qu’avec la consommation d’alcool et de tabac. La prévalence de la parodontite était de 0,96 % (n=6). Une parodontite agressive a été identifiée dans 0,48 % des cas. Une faible fréquence du brossage était liée à l’existence de parodontite. Ni le tabac ni un faible niveau socio-économique n’ont été identifiés comme influençant le développement de la parodontite.
Des études épidémiologiques plus approfondies seraient nécessaires pour mieux identifier les parodontites et connaître leur prévalence, ainsi que pour évaluer l’impact de certains facteurs comportementaux sur le développement de ces maladies à l’échelle individuelle et populationnelle. L’implantation de programmes de prévention centrés sur les habitudes d’hygiène orale serait d’une importance majeure.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of alveolar bone loss and angular bony defects in randomly selected panoramic radiographs. A total of 500 panoramic ...radiographs of adult patients seeking dental care were studied. The mean age of the subjects was 51 years (range 20-80). The assessments of alveolar bone levels and angular bony defects were performed by direct measurements of the distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and bone level. The results demonstrated a gradual and significant increase in the frequency of bone loss with increasing age (p<0.05). Angular bony defects were found in 249 subjects (49.8 %) and were most frequent at the mandibular first molar. The mean depth of the angular bony defects was 6.0 mm with the greatest mean depth in the maxillary anterior area (6.8 mm). The mean mesiodistal depth of the intrabony defects was 2.44 mm, most pronounced in maxillary molars (3.1 mm). In conclusion, the study demonstrated a high prevalence of angular bony defects suitable for regenerative periodontal treatment.
To cite this article:
Int J Dent Hygiene DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2009.00401.x Willershausen B, Witzel S, Schuster S, Kasaj A. Influence of gender and social factors on oral health, treatment ...degree and choice of dental restorative materials in patients from a dental school.
: Objective: The attitude towards oral health is influenced by gender, the level of education and the social background of the patients The aim of the present study was to determine a possible relationship of gender, the educational level and the oral health as well as the choice of dental restorations.
Methodology: A total of 2374 outpatients (age: 18–80 years) from a University dental school were assessed. Inclusion criteria were 15 remaining teeth and good general health. In addition to anamnesis data, information concerning educational level and present occupation was collected. The dental assessment included number of teeth, endodontic treatment, type of restorations (root canal fillings, restoration materials) as well as dental panoramic radiographs (OPG).
Results: The female patients demonstrated a statistically significant higher percentage of restoration, more teeth with crowns and more tooth coloured fillings compared to men (P < 0.01). Patients with a higher level of education preferred more expensive restorations, whereas patients with a low level of education exhibited more inexpensive restorations. However, patients with private health insurance showed lower levels of carious lesions.
Conclusion: The examined patients showed no significant correlation between educational level and type of dental restorations but female patients had a lower number of teeth and more restoration.
: Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel optical calculus detection system under in vivo conditions.
Methods: One hundred and seventy‐six tooth ...surfaces from 44 adult teeth that were indicated for extraction were selected for the present study. The patients were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups. In group A (n = 96), clinical presence or absence of subgingival calculus deposits was determined using the light‐emitting diode‐based optical probe (OP). In group B (n = 80), the subgingival deposits were first recorded with the OP followed by root surface debridement until no subgingival deposits could be detected by the device. Teeth were then extracted and examined under a stereomicroscope by two trained dentists (DENT 1, DENT 2) and a dental student. Results were compared with the measurements of the OP and direct visual control.
Results: In group A, post‐extraction results revealed 89% and 90% agreement with the positive and negative OPs detection. In group B, 17% of the surfaces demonstrated even after subgingival debridement and control with the detecting device still calcified deposits in the microscopic evaluation. The highest inter‐examiner agreements were observed between DENT 1 and DENT 2.
Conclusion: It was shown that the optical detection system identifies subgingival calculus with a high efficacy and therefore, may be a support for the operator to determine the endpoint of root surface instrumentation.
The aim of the present roentgenographic in vitro study was to determine the initial straight length from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the appearance of a root canal curvature in human ...mandibular premolars. A total number of 282 mandibular premolars were examined. Exclusion criteria comprised root caries, extensive restorations and endodontically treated teeth. The teeth were fixed and digitally radiographed by means of a specially developed fixation device with standardized and reproducible distances with the parallel technique (Heliodent MD; Merlin 2.1). The distances from the CEJ to the first curvature (> 5 degrees ) (distance I), from the first curvature to a second curvature (distance II), and from the first or second curvature to the radiological apex (distance III) were recorded. The lengths of the initial straight distance and the appearance of a curvature were statistically analyzed and related to each other. In first mandibular premolars, the mean value for distance I was 10.9 mm, for distance II 3.7 mm and for distance III 3.04 mm. The mean values for the second mandibular premolars were 1.1mm in distance I, 4.3mm in distance II and 3.1mm in distance III. No statistically significant differences between left and right mandibular premolars could be observed regarding the canal curvature location and the angle values. The results of this investigation show that curvatures are increasingly observed 9 to 12 mm from the original path in mandibular premolars.
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