In this work, PLA/NR electrospun fibers were used as substrates for growing basil. Thermal characteristics of initial samples and after 60 and 220 days of degradation were determined using ...differential scanning calorimetry. In the process of disintegration, the melting and glass transition temperatures in PLA/NR composites decreased, and in PLA fibers these values increased slightly. TGA analysis in an argon environment confirmed the effect of NR on the thermal degradation of PLA/NR fibers. After exposure to the soil for 220 days, the beginning of degradation shifted to the low-temperature region. The dynamic characteristics of the fibers were determined by the EPR method. A decrease in the correlation time of the probe-radical in comparison with the initial samples was shown. FTIR spectroscopy was used to analyze the chemical structure before and after degradation in soil. In PLA/NR fibrous substrates, there was a decrease in the intensity of the bands corresponding to the PLA matrix and the appearance of N-H C-N groups due to biodegradation by soil microorganisms.
Spirocyclic compounds containing heterocyclic moieties represent promising 3D scaffolds for modern drug design. In the search for novel anti-flaviviral agents, we have obtained a series of 3-
...-bis(sulfonyl)aminoisoxazolines containing spiro-annulated cyclooctane rings and assessed their antiviral activity against tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV), yellow fever (YFV), and West Nile (WNV) viruses. The structural analogs of spirocyclic compounds with a single sulfonyl group or 1,2-annulated cyclooctane ring were also investigated. Almost all the studied 3-
-bis(sulfonyl)aminoisoxazolines revealed antiviral activity against TBEV and WNV. The most active against TBEV was spiro-isoxazoline derivative containing
-nitrophenyl groups in the sulfonyl part (EC
2.0 ± 0.5 μM), while the highest potency against WNV was found for the compounds with lipophilic substituents in sulfonyl moiety, naphtyl being the most favorable one (EC
1.3 ± 0.5 μM). In summary, two novel scaffolds of anti-flaviviral agents based on
-bis(sulfonyl)aminoisoxazoline were proposed, and the compounds of this type demonstrated activity against TBEV and WNV.
Complex functional blocks or intellectual property (IP) cores are developed and used to speed up the user IC design flow and improve their final characteristics. There are two IP-cores types—soft ...IP-cores and hard IP-cores. A hard IP core has a fixed on-chip layout and pre-routed interconnects, while a soft IP core consists of logic gates and requires placement and routing. For an automated flow for designing ICs based on FPGAs and reconfigurable systems on a chip (RSoC) it is necessary to develop core libraries that allow them to be identified at each stage of the design flow. The paper shows various types and formats of libraries of soft and hard IP-cores used in the design flow for ICs based on FPGAs and Russian-made RSoCs. Methods for designing libraries of necessary CAD systems at the stages of logical synthesis, automatic technological mapping and layout synthesis are described. The characteristic features of soft and hard IP-cores libraries, as well as methods for their formation, are considered taking into account the architecture of FPGAs and RSoCs. The proposed design methods make it possible to develop libraries that are necessary for the automated implementation of all types of IP-cores, taking into account the advantages of the architecture of basic FPGAs and RSoCs.
This paper describes approaches and methods for software circuit prototyping of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and reconfigurable systems-on-a-chip (RSoC). Software circuit prototyping is a ...new stage in the design flow for FPGAs and reconfigurable SoCs in contrast to the classical FPGA-based prototyping using ready-made FPGA chips. It allows to evaluate the efficiency of the user circuit design implementation and select the basic chip architecture before its tape-out because of the computer-aided design (CAD) tools promptly adapting to any changes in the structure, circuitry and layout of a basic chip. The flexible and dynamic software customization to maintain the required FPGA or RSoC architecture is provided by the developed formalized description of the basic circuit, which is used in CAD and is represented in this paper. This formalized description can be used both for the analysis of the basic chip and for the analysis of a user circuit design implemented on an FPGA or RSoC.
Industrial Detector of REactor Antineutrinos for Monitoring (iDREAM) is a 1 ton Gd-doped liquid scintillator detector mounted in the Kalinin nuclear power plant (Russia), 20 m from the 3 GW
VVER type ...commercial reactor. Antineutrinos are detected via inverse beta decay on protons. Beginning in 2021, the detector is collecting data both in reactor ON and OFF modes. The first iDREAM antineutrino results are presented, showing no doubt on the proper operation of the detector as a counting device.
A procedure for determining the linear heat generation rate in a fuel assembly of VVER reactor at the location of a rhodium self-powered neutron detector (SPND) and verification of this procedure are ...discussed. A method of measurements of the VVER thermal power based on SPND readings is described.
The existing means of design automation are focused mainly on the technology of foreign manufacturers, which makes it necessary to adapt the existing methods and means for designing reconfigurable ...systems-on-a-chip and to develop domestic specialized CAD tools to solve urgent problems in this field. Methods are proposed for solving interconnection routing problems in conjunction with logical resynthesis, applied to the architecture of a reconfigurable system-on-a-chip based on the domestic field-programmable gate array (FPGA) of the Almaz-14 family. Developers from JSC “NIIME” and PJSC “Micron” laid broad configurational solutions, which do not have foreign analogues, into this crystal. A wide range of additional elements for the configuration, as well as the potentialities for the logical resynthesis of the FPGA Almaz-14 chip, have led to the need to develop new methods for routing interconnections that would allow us to take into account and use these architectural features. An efficient algorithm for the automatic routing of interconnections for a reconfigurable system on a chip based on FPGAs belonging to the Almaz-14 family based on algorithm A* is developed. This algorithm represents a modification of the classical algorithm searching for the shortest path on a graph, the Dijkstra algorithm, including a mixed switching graph model. To describe the variety of additional switching elements, a special generalized mathematical model, as well as a special interface in the command language Tcl are developed, the latter includes a list of elements for configuration, as well as their description and functional purpose. This work has increased the efficiency of computer-aided design using programmed mechanisms developed and implemented in the C programming language for the optimal use of the configuration and routing elements of FPGAs, as well as mechanisms for the complete and entire routing of interconnections.
A layout synthesis design flow for implementing designs on reconfigurable systems-on-chip is developed by the Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of Russian Academy of Sciences, in ...cooperation with JSC “NIIME” for special-purpose circuits produced at PJSC “Mikron”. The developed methodology includes new techniques to solve layout synthesis problems at different design flow stages, including the initial circuit decomposition, placement of logical elements, and the interconnections routing. Presented design flow makes it possible to accelerate the development of large IP blocks for reconfigurable systems-on-chip with multiple types of switching elements and system-on-chip components.
X‐ray imaging of virus particles at the European XFEL could eventually allow their complete structures to be solved, potentially approaching the resolution of other structural virology methods. To ...achieve this ambitious goal with today's technologies, about 1 ml of purified virus suspension containing at least 1012 particles per millilitre is required. Such large amounts of concentrated suspension have never before been obtained for enveloped viruses. Tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) represents an attractive model system for the development of enveloped virus purification and concentration protocols, given the availability of large amounts of inactivated virus material provided by vaccine‐manufacturing facilities. Here, the development of a TBEV vaccine purification and concentration scheme is presented combined with a quality‐control protocol that allows substantial amounts of highly concentrated non‐aggregated suspension to be obtained. Preliminary single‐particle imaging experiments were performed for this sample at the European XFEL, showing distinct diffraction patterns.
A purification and concentration scheme for the tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) vaccine was developed along with a quality‐control protocol that enabled substantial amounts of highly concentrated non‐aggregated suspension to be produced. This approach allowed single‐particle imaging experiments to be conducted for this sample at the European XFEL, which resulted in distinct patterns of diffraction. In order to illustrate the advantages of the proposed protocols, the cryo‐EM structure of TBEV has been determined.
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Rigid amphipathic fusion inhibitors are potent broad-spectrum antivirals based on the perylene scaffold, usually decorated with a hydrophilic group linked via ethynyl or triazole. We ...have sequentially simplified these structures by removing sugar moiety, then converting uridine to aniline, then moving to perylenylthiophenecarboxylic acids and to perylenylcarboxylic acid. All these polyaromatic compounds, as well as antibiotic heliomycin, still showed pronounced activity against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) with limited toxicity in porcine embryo kidney (PEK) cell line. 5-(Perylen-3-yl)-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid (5a) showed the highest antiviral activity with 50% effective concentration of approx. 1.6 nM.
