Air shower measurements with the LOPES radio antenna array Haungs, A.; Apel, W.D.; Arteaga, J.C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2009, Letnik:
604, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from extensive air showers. Since radio ...waves suffer very little attenuation, radio measurements allow the detection of very distant or highly inclined showers. These waves can be recorded day and night, and provide a bolometric measure of the leptonic shower component. LOPES is designed as a digital radio interferometer using high bandwidths and fast data processing and profits from the reconstructed air shower observables of KASCADE-Grande. The LOPES antennas are absolutely amplitude calibrated allowing to reconstruct the electric field strength which can be compared with predictions from detailed Monte-Carlo simulations. We report about the analysis of correlations present in the radio signals measured by the LOPES 30 antenna array. Additionally, LOPES operates antennas of a different type (LOPES
STAR
) which are optimized for an application at the Pierre Auger Observatory. Status, recent results of the data analysis and further perspectives of LOPES and the possible large scale application of this new detection technique are discussed.
LOPES is a radio antenna array co-located with the Karlsruhe Shower Core and Array DEtector, KASCADE–Grande in Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, which provides well-calibrated trigger information ...and air shower parameters for primary energies up to
10
18
eV
. By the end of 2006, the radio antennas were re-configured to perform polarization measurements of the radio signal of cosmic ray air showers, recording in the same time both, the East–West and North–South polarization directions of the radio emission. The main goal of these measurements is to reconstruct the polarization characteristics of the emitted signal. This will allow a detailed comparison with theoretical predictions. The current status of these measurements is reported here.
Measurement of radio emission from extensive air showers with LOPES Hörandel, J.R.; Apel, W.D.; Arteaga, J.C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2011, Letnik:
630, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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A new method is explored to detect extensive air showers: the measurement of radio waves emitted during the propagation of the electromagnetic shower component in the magnetic field of the Earth. ...Recent results of the pioneering experiment LOPES are discussed. It registers radio signals in the frequency range between 40 and 80
MHz. The intensity of the measured radio emission is investigated as a function of different shower parameters, such as shower energy, angle of incidence, and distance to shower axis. In addition, new antenna types are developed in the framework of LOPES
star and new methods are explored to realize a radio self-trigger algorithm in real time.
Measuring the radio emission of cosmic ray air showers with LOPES Schröder, F.G.; Apel, W.D.; Arteaga, J.C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
05/2010, Letnik:
617, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
When ultra high energy cosmic rays hit the atmosphere, they produce a shower of millions of secondary particles. Thereby the charged particles in the shower emit a radio pulse whilst deflected in the ...Earth's magnetic field. LOPES is a digital antenna array measuring these radio pulses in the frequency range from 40 to 80
MHz. It is located at the site of and triggered by the air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany. In its present configuration, it consists of 15 east–west-polarized and 15 north–south-polarized, absolutely calibrated short dipole antennas, as well as 10 LPDAs (with two channels each). Furthermore, it serves as a test bench for technological developments, like new antenna types or a radio-based self-triggering (
LOPES
STAR
). To achieve a good angular reconstruction and to digitally form a beam into the arrival direction of the shower, it has a precise time calibration.
Analysis of inclined showers measured with LOPES Saftoiu, A.; Apel, W.D.; Arteaga, J.C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
06/2009, Letnik:
604, Številka:
1
Journal Article
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Odprti dostop
In the present study, we analyze the radio signal from inclined air showers recorded by LOPES-30 in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande. LOPES-30 consists of 30 East–West oriented digital antennas, which ...are amplitude calibrated by an external source.
Radio emission from air showers is considered a geomagnetic effect. Inclined events provide a larger range of values for geomagnetic angle (angle between shower axis and geomagnetic field direction) than vertical showers and thus more information on the emission processes can be gathered.
In order to have the geometry of the air shower we use the reconstruction provided by the KASCADE-Grande particle detectors array. Analyzing events observed by both LOPES and the extended part of the KASCADE array, Grande, gives the possibility to test in particular the capability and efficiency of radio detection of more distant events. The results are compared with a previous analysis of inclined events recorded by the initial 10 antenna set-up, LOPES-10, in coincidence with the Grande array.
KASCADE-Grande: An overview and first results Bertaina, M.; Apel, W.D.; Arteaga, J.C. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2008, Letnik:
588, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (Germany), is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment to study cosmic rays and their interactions at primary energies ...1014–1018eV. After detailed investigations of the knee in the spectrum with KASCADE and EAS-TOP experiments, the main goal of KASCADE-Grande is to provide conclusive results on the knee region by detecting the expected iron knee in the spectrum at around 1017eV, and measuring the composition in the possible transition region between galactic and extragalactic components. Due to its multi-component characteristics, basically the former KASCADE experiment enriched by two new arrays of scintillator detectors (Grande and Piccolo), with the aim of providing a large acceptance area (0.5km2) and prompt trigger signal, KASCADE-Grande is a suitable array to provide refined measurements in the 1016–1018eV region. In the following, we briefly report on the characteristics of the detector, its performance, and first results based on 2 years of data taking.
Extensive air showers measured by the KASCADE–Grande experiment at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe are studied with respect to the arrival times of electrons and muons at observation level. The mean ...and the spread of the arrival time distributions have been used to determine the average time profile of the electromagnetic and muonic shower disk. For core distances
R
>
200
m
particles of the muonic shower component arrive on average earlier at observation level than particles of the electromagnetic shower component. The difference increases with the core distance from
Δ
〈
t
〉
=
(
12.9
±
0.2
)
ns
at
R
>
200
m
to
Δ
〈
t
〉
=
(
47
±
1
)
ns
at
R
=
500
m
, where the width of the muonic and electromagnetic shower disks are comparable. This difference in arrival time is used to separate the electrons and muons dependent on the distance from the shower center. This is intended to be used by experiments with time resolving detectors.
Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment Ulrich, H; Collaboration, the KASCADE-Grande
Journal of physics. Conference series,
05/2008, Letnik:
110, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located on site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany, measures extensive air showers in the energy range between 5 × 1014 and 1018 eV, thus covering the first ...and the possible second knee of cosmic rays. Main goals of the experiment are investigations of the knee at around 4 × 1015 eV and the verification of the existence of an expected "iron knee at energies around 1017 eV. Furthermore, the energy range between 1017 eV and 1018 eV is of special interest since some theories predict that the transition from galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays already begins at these energies. In this overview the apperatus, its performance, and first results are presented.
The KASCADE-grande experiment Blümer, J; Apel, W D; Arteaga, J C ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
07/2008, Letnik:
120, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
KASCADE-Grande is an extensive air shower array co-located with the original KASCADE air shower experiment at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany. The multi-detector system allows to investigate the ...energy spectrum, composition, and anisotropies of cosmic rays in the energy range extended up to 1018 eV. An overview on the performance of the apparatus and first results are presented.
The KASCADE-Grande experiment, located at Campus North of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany) is a multi-component extensive air-shower experiment devoted to the study of cosmic rays and ...their interactions at primary energies 1014 -1018 eV. One of the main goals of the experiment is the measurement of the all particle energy spectrum in the 1016 -1018 eV range, i.e. extending the range accessible by KASCADE alone. The Grande detector samples the charged component (Nch ) of the air shower while the original KASCADE array provides in addition a measurement of the muon component (Nμ ). The combined information of Nch and Nμ is used to estimate the energy on an event-by-event basis and to derive the all-particle energy spectrum. Since the calibration of the observables in terms of the primary energy depends on Monte Carlo simulations, three different methods with partially different sources of uncertainties, have been considered and compared to each other to derive the systematics on the energy spectrum. The different methods employed to derive the spectrum and their uncertainties, as well as the implications of the obtained result, are discussed in detail.
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