The re-heating effect for Ni-rich LiNi0.7Mn0.3O2 is investigated because the process is required in surface modification and removal of adhered water molecules. A representative binary Ni-rich ...LiNi0.7Mn0.3O2 (in which cationic distribution in Li layers is not affected by heteroelements) is selected and synthesized via co-precipitation. The as-synthesized Ni-rich LiNi0.7Mn0.3O2 is re-heated at 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C, so that the resulting structural and electrochemical properties are compared by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, time of flight-secondary ion spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, high temperature X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical tests. Raising the re-heating temperature increases the occupancy of Ni2+ in Li layers and accelerates the aggregation of lithium-related compounds such as Li2CO3 and LiOH towards the particle surface. Among the several conditions tested, re-heating at 200 °C results in a negligible change in the crystal structure; specifically, Ni2+ occupation in Li layers, higher capacity with good reversibility upon cycling tests, better rate capability, and thermal properties. Therefore, re-heating of cathode active materials, in particular Ni-rich compositions, should be considered to stabilize both electrode performances and thermal properties.
•Re-heating effect of Ni-rich LiNi0.7Mn0.3O2 cathode material is investigated.•Re-heating is necessary for dehydration and for surface modification up to 700 °C.•Lithium diffusion towards surface from particle is unavoidable during re-heating.•Re-heating increases cation mixing and concentration of LiOH and Li2CO3.
A nickel–zinc ferrite system, which is one of the well‐known versatile soft‐ferromagnetic oxides, was investigated in terms of magnetoelectric (ME) coupling at room temperature. Herein, we ...demonstrated that spin canting is manipulated through a composition‐induced structural transition from an inverse to a normal spinel structure, leading to modulation in the ME coupling. The ME coefficient was maximized at 60 at.% Zn substitution with a value of 0.1 mV/(Oe·cm), denoting ∼70% enhancement compared to that of the pure nickel ferrite. It was revealed that the interspin angle is enhanced along the octahedral site at up to ∼60 at.% Zn substitution, consistent with the composition level at the culmination of the ME coupling, evidenced by X‐ray diffraction profiles and magnetic hysteresis loops combined with density functional theory calculations. Given that this approach is based on a tractable fabrication method, this study is expected to be widely used in modulation of the ME coupling in spinel‐structured oxides.
The structural modifications in oxide glasses under extreme compression may account for the pressure‐induced increase in their mechanical toughness and rigidity, rendering potential for technological ...applications of the compressed glasses. High‐resolution solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance has provided a structural information regarding glasses by identifying how nuclear spins behave and interact with nearby elements. However, knowledge of nuclear spins resonance in oxide glasses under extreme pressure above 1 million atmospheres has not been available, making the origins of glass densification illusive. In this article, ab initio calculations of prototypical magnesium silicate glasses quantify how structural changes in glasses affect the nature of nuclear spin interactions at high pressure beyond megabars. The calculated results establish novel correlations between pressure‐induced evolution of atomic structures, such as oxygen and cation coordination numbers, bond angle and lengths, and structurally relevant nuclear magnetic resonance parameters for Mg, Si, and O in compressed oxide glasses above megabar pressures. The established correlations highlight that the nuclear spins in glasses can serve as a new indicator to the extreme densification paths. Pressure‐induced dispersion in nuclear spin parameters also reveals an overall increase in the topological entropy. This entropy gain may weaken glasses at an elevated pressure conditions, accounting for potential softening of the compressed glasses. The proposed relationships open a new window to the evolution of diverse complex glasses under extreme stress and compression with high‐resolution solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance.
This study develops a solution to sports match-fixing using various machine-learning models to detect match-fixing anomalies, based on betting odds. We use five models to distinguish between normal ...and abnormal matches: logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification, and the ensemble model-a model optimized from the previous four. The models classify normal and abnormal matches by learning their patterns using sports betting odds data. The database was developed based on the world football league match betting data of 12 betting companies, which offered a vast collection of data on players, teams, game schedules, and league rankings for football matches. We develop an abnormal match detection model based on the data analysis results of each model, using the match result dividend data. We then use data from real-time matches and apply the five models to construct a system capable of detecting match-fixing in real time. The RF, KNN, and ensemble models recorded a high accuracy, over 92%, whereas the LR and SVM models were approximately 80% accurate. In comparison, previous studies have used a single model to examine football match betting odds data, with an accuracy of 70-80%.
Skeletal muscle is regarded as an endocrine and paracrine organ. Muscle-derived secretory proteins, referred to as myokines, mediate interactions between skeletal muscle mass and other organs such as ...the liver, adipose tissue, pancreas, bone, and the cardiovascular system. As individuals age, reduced levels of physical activity and sarcopenia (loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength) are associated with physical frailty and disability. Recently, several studies have suggested that the loss of skeletal muscle mass may contribute to metabolic disease. Therefore, herein, we focus on the relationships between skeletal muscle mass and metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Thiazolidinediones are synthetic PPARγ ligands that enhance insulin sensitivity, and that could increase insulin secretion from β‐cells. However, the functional role and mechanism(s) of action in ...pancreatic β‐cells have not been investigated in detail.
These results suggest that TZDs could increase GPR40 and adenylyl cyclase expressions in pancreatic β‐cells in a PPARγ‐dependent manner, which were associated with increased incretin sensitivity and protection against lipotoxicity
This study was conducted to prevent landcreep damages by examining various features such as geology, topography, and physical characteristics. The first landcreep occurred in Seo-myeon in Suncheon, ...South Korea, in 2000. The second occurred in 2020, the damaged surface area of the second event was approximately 21.7 times that of the first, and it was discovered that landcreep in Sunchoen was contributed to forest road construction. The study area was a typical landcreep area caused by weathered rocks, and this area belonged to a type of convex terrain ground form. As a result of analyzing the landslide hazard grade, the landcreep is found to be different from general landslides because it includes most areas of landslide hazard grade 3–5 and out of the grade. Results show that the landcreep has proceeded in the directions of S15°E, S20°E, S25°E, and S30°E, which is consistent with the direction following the flow direction of groundwater determined using the electrical resistivity survey method.
Rationally designed P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is introduced as a novel cathode material for potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs). P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode material designed through electrochemical ...ion‐exchange from P2‐Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 exhibits satisfactory electrode performances; 110 mAh g−1 (20 mA g−1) retaining 86% of capacity for 300 cycles and unexpectedly high reversible capacity of about 91 mAh g−1 (1400 mA g−1) with excellent capacity retention of 83% over 500 cycles. According to theoretical and experimental investigations, the overall potassium storage mechanism of P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is revealed to be a single‐phase reaction with small lattice change upon charge and discharge, presenting the Ni4+/2+ redox couple reaction. Such high power capability is possible through the facile K+ migration in the K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 structure with a low activation barrier energy of ≈210 meV. These findings indicate that P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 is a promising candidate cathode material for high‐rate and long‐life KIBs.
Rationally designed P2‐K0.75Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 exhibits stable cycle life at high rates. Structural insights into the K‐ion de/intercalation mechanism is elucidated through combined theoretical and experimental studies. A single phase reaction activated by Ni4+/2+ contributes to the long term cycling stability over 500 cycles at high rates.
We investigated the additive interaction of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the risk of mortality in cancer patients and evaluated the impact of diabetic kidney disease ...(DKD) on mortality in cancer patients with DM. We retrospectively analyzed 101,684 cancer patients. A multivariable Cox regression model was used for assessing mortality risk. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (SI) were used to evaluate the additive interactive effect. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR, 95%CI) for mortality was significant for those with CKD alone (1.53, 1.39-1.68), DM alone (1.25, 1.2-1.3), and both CKD and DM (1.99, 1.84-2.17) compared to non-CKD and non-DM cancer patients. The additive interaction between CKD and DM was significant (RERI 0.2295%CI = 0.01-0.42, AP 0.110.01-0.21, SI 1.281.01-1.62). Among cancer patients with DM, the presence of DKD raised the aHR for mortality (1.55, 95%CI = 1.33-1.81) compared to those without DKD. Coexistence of DM and CKD at the time of cancer diagnosis was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality, and their interaction exerted an additive interactive effect on mortality. DKD was significantly associated with an increased risk of mortality in cancer patients with DM.
Abstract
5
d
pyrochlore oxides with all-in-all-out magnetic order are prime candidates for realizing strongly correlated, topological phases of matter. Despite significant effort, a full ...understanding of all-in-all-out magnetism remains elusive as the associated magnetic excitations have proven difficult to access with conventional techniques. Here we report a Raman spectroscopy study of spin dynamics in the all-in-all-out magnetic state of the 5
d
pyrochlore Cd
2
Os
2
O
7
. Through a comparison between the two-magnon scattering and spin-wave theory, we confirm the large single ion anisotropy in this material and show that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya and exchange interactions play a significant role in the spin-wave dispersions. The Raman data also reveal complex spin–charge–lattice coupling and indicate that the metal–insulator transition in Cd
2
Os
2
O
7
is Lifshitz-type. Our work establishes Raman scattering as a simple and powerful method for exploring the spin dynamics in 5
d
pyrochlore magnets.
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