ABSTRACT
The maize (Zea mays L.) growing area in India is divided into five zones for cultivar testing. During triannual testing of genotypes in official trials within the All‐India Coordinated Maize ...Improvement Program (AICMIP), a large number of entries is rejected each year. Therefore, only a low number of entries is carried forward to the advanced stage of testing. The subdivision of the breeding sites into zones results in limited data per zone. Hence, the question arises how to select the best genotypes per zone and how information can be borrowed across zones to improve the accuracy of selection within zones. We compared the performance of best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) using the correlation of genetic effects between zones with best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) based on data per zone. In both cases, data were analyzed using a mixed model. We used simulations to calculate correlations between the true simulated values and the predicted genotype values obtained by BLUE and BLUP using the same models. The data structure and the variance components used in simulations were based on the analysis of 40 triannual series of four different maize maturity groups. Best linear unbiased prediction outperformed BLUE in 38 out of 40 series and on average across all series. An advantage of BLUP was observed for varying genetic correlations between zones. We conclude that the use of BLUP enhanced the estimation accuracy in zoned AICMIP maize testing trials and can be recommended for future use in these trials.
Plant breeding and official variety testing involve the challenge to design multienvironmental trials in several years and locations. Several variables influence the performance and, therefore, the ...possible selection gain of such trials. We provide a simulation‐based approach using SAS to vary these variables and to allow a comparison of different scenarios for the design of series of trials regarding selection gain. Our approach builds on the FORTRAN software tool SELSYS. Three examples of its application are given.
A small matter‐antimatter asymmetry of the weak force was experimentally established. This CP violation may be related to the small excess of matter from the big bang. The nature of CP violation in ...the K0 system has been clarified after 35 years of experimentation: it is due to a small part of the weak interaction (“milliweak interaction”). A non‐trivial phase in the weak quark mixing matrix generates “direct CP violation” in the weak Hamiltonian. The experiments demonstrating direct CP violation are discussed.
A precision test of lepton flavour universality has been performed by measuring the ratio RK of kaon leptonic decay rates K+→e+ν and K+→μ+ν in a sample of 59 813 reconstructed K+→e+ν candidates with ...(8.71±0.24)% background contamination. The result RK=(2.487±0.013)×10−5 is in agreement with the Standard Model expectation.
Review of Particle Physics
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
03/1998, Letnik:
3, Številka:
1-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
This biennial Review summarizes much of Particle Physics. Using data from previous editions, plus 1600 new measurements from 550 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge ...bosons, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We also summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as Higgs bosons, heavy neutrinos, and supersymmetric particles. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as the Standard Model, particle detectors, probability, and statistics. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews (and errata) are also available on the Particle Data Group website: http: //pdg. lbl. gov.
The NA62 experiment recorded a large sample of K+→μ+νμ decays in 2007. A peak search has been performed in the reconstructed missing mass spectrum. In the absence of a signal, limits in the range ...2×10−6 to 10−5 have been set on the squared mixing matrix element |Uμ4|2 between muon and heavy neutrino states, for heavy neutrino masses in the range 300–375 MeV/c2. The result extends the range of masses for which upper limits have been set on the value of |Uμ4|2 in previous production search experiments.
The NA62 experiment collected a large sample of charged kaon decays in 2007 with a highly efficient trigger for decays into electrons. A measurement of the π0 electromagnetic transition form factor ...slope parameter from 1.11×106 fully reconstructed K±→π±πD0, πD0→e+e−γ events is reported. The measured value a=(3.68±0.57)×10−2 is in good agreement with theoretical expectations and previous measurements, and represents the most precise experimental determination of the slope in the time-like momentum transfer region.
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