Long‐term design and planning of shale gas field development is challenging due to the complex development operations and a wide range of candidate locations. In this work, we focus on the ...multi‐period shale gas field development problem, where the shale gas field has multiple formations and each well can be developed from one of several alternative pads. The decisions in this problem involve the design of the shale gas network and the planning of development operations. A mixed‐integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to address this problem. Since the proposed model is a large‐scale MILP, we propose a solution pool‐based bilevel decomposition algorithm to solve it. Results on realistic instances demonstrate the value of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
In shale gas field development, the major endogenous uncertainty comes from the production profile of candidate wells and its realization is dependent on the development decision. In this work, we ...apply multistage stochastic programming to address the shale gas field development planning problem under production profile uncertainty. Business realities such as budget limit and uncertainty resolution delay are also considered in the proposed model. To solve the multistage stochastic model, a Lagrangean decomposition method and a heuristic method are proposed. Computational results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods on examples that are otherwise intractable. The optimal development strategy from the proposed model is analyzed under different levels of uncertainties. Different cases are further tested to figure out the impact of budget and resolution delay on development decisions.
Abstract
Development of an artificial camouflage at a complete device level remains a vastly challenging task, especially under the aim of achieving more advanced and natural camouflage ...characteristics via high-resolution camouflage patterns. Our strategy is to integrate a thermochromic liquid crystal layer with the vertically stacked, patterned silver nanowire heaters in a multilayer structure to overcome the limitations of the conventional lateral pixelated scheme through the superposition of the heater-induced temperature profiles. At the same time, the weaknesses of thermochromic camouflage schemes are resolved in this study by utilizing the temperature-dependent resistance of the silver nanowire network as the process variable of the active control system. Combined with the active control system and sensing units, the complete device chameleon model successfully retrieves the local background color and matches its surface color instantaneously with natural transition characteristics to be a competent option for a next-generation artificial camouflage.
A highly stretchable and transparent electrical heater is demonstrated by constructing a partially embedded silver nanowire percolative network on an elastic substrate. The stretchable network heater ...is applied on human wrists under real‐time strain, bending, and twisting, and has potential for lightweight, biocompatible, and versatile wearable applications.
Recent research progress of relieving discomfort between electronics and human body involves serpentine designs, ultrathin films, and extraordinary properties of nanomaterials. However, these ...strategies addressed thus far each face own limitation for achieving desired form of electronic-skin applications. Evenly matched mechanical properties anywhere on the body and imperceptibility of electronics are two essentially required characteristics for future electronic-skin (E-skin) devices. Yet accomplishing these two main properties simultaneously is still very challenging. Hence, we propose a novel fabrication method to introduce kirigami approach to pattern a highly conductive and transparent electrode into diverse shapes of stretchable electronics with multivariable configurability for E-skin applications. These kirigami engineered patterns impart tunable elasticity to the electrodes, which can be designed to intentionally limit strain or grant ultrastretchability depending on applications over the range of 0 to over 400% tensile strain with strain-invariant electrical property and show excellent strain reversibility even after 10 000 cycles stretching while exhibiting high optical transparency (>80%). The versatility of this work is demonstrated by ultrastretchable transparent kirigami heater for personal thermal management and conformal transparent kirigami electrophysiology sensor for continuous health monitoring of human body conditions. Finally, by integrating E-skin sensors with quadrotor drones, we have successfully demonstrated human-machine-interface using our stretchable transparent kirigami electrodes.
The patterning of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) into complex two-dimensional (2D) or 3D shapes is a crucial step for diverse applications based on soft lithography. Nevertheless, mould replication that ...incorporates time-consuming and costly photolithography processes still remains the dominant technology in the field. Here we developed monolithic quasi-3D digital patterning of PDMS using laser pyrolysis. In contrast with conventional burning or laser ablation of transparent PDMS, which yields poor surface properties, our successive laser pyrolysis technique converts PDMS into easily removable silicon carbide via consecutive photothermal pyrolysis guided by a continuous-wave laser. We obtained high-quality 2D or 3D PDMS structures with complex patterning starting from a PDMS monolith in a remarkably low prototyping time (less than one hour). Moreover, we developed distinct microfluidic devices with elaborated channel architectures and a customizable organ-on-a-chip device using this approach, which showcases the potential of the successive laser pyrolysis technique for the fabrication of devices for several technological applications.
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•Digital selective laser processes for nanomaterials are summarized in this review.•Nanomaterials are selectively synthesized, positioned, controlled and manipulated.•These processes ...rely on photothermal, photochemical or photothermochemical reaction.•More emphasis is placed on the processes for nanoparticles, nanowires and nanosheets.
Laser has long been used for material processing, and its applications to nanomaterials for their direct synthesis, positioning and processing are currently active fields of study. The main mechanism of typical laser processes is photothermal reaction by a focused laser that remotely generates confined temperature field at a desired position with high controllability. The laser-induced elevated temperature enables direct synthesis of nanomaterials in both gas and liquid environment as well as photophysical processing of nanomaterials through melting or vaporization, represented by laser sintering and ablation processes, in spatially selective manners. On the other hand, recent advances in laser process further incorporates not only different optical responses such as optical forces and photochemical reactions for more advanced manipulation of nanomaterials, but also the interaction between electromagnetic waves, nanostructures and underlying substrates to facilitate novel processing those cannot be achieved by any other means including laser nanowelding for percolation network and laser thinning for two dimensional nanomaterials. At the same time, the shortcomings of laser process in nanomaterial processing such as limited resolution and low throughput are tackled through introducing different optical schemes together with the integration with other systems. In this review, we summarize the development and current status of digital selective laser methods for nanomaterials in broad aspects that cover from nanomaterial synthesis to its processing.
As is frequently seen in sci‐fi movies, future electronics are expected to ultimately be in the form of wearable electronics. To realize wearable electronics, the electric components should be soft, ...flexible, and even stretchable to be human‐friendly. An important step is presented toward realization of wearable electronics by developing a hierarchical multiscale hybrid nanocomposite for highly flexible, stretchable, or transparent conductors. The hybrid nanocomposite combines the enhanced mechanical compliance, electrical conductivity, and optical transparency of small CNTs (d ≈ 1.2 nm) and the enhanced electrical conductivity of relatively bigger Ag nanowire (d ≈ 150 nm) backbone to provide efficient multiscale electron transport path with Ag nanowire current backbone collector and local CNT percolation network. The highly elastic hybrid nanocomposite conductors and highly transparent flexible conductors can be mounted on any non‐planar or soft surfaces to realize human‐friendly electronics interface for future wearable electronics.
Highly stretchable, flexible, or transparent conductors are developed from a hierarchical multiscale nanocomposite to realize wearable electronics. The hybrid nanocomposite shows the enhanced mechanical compliance, electrical conductivity, and optical transparency by providing efficient multiscale electron transport path with a relatively big AgNW (d ≈ 150 nm) current backbone collector and local small CNT (d ≈ 1.2 nm) percolation network.
A facile fast laser nanoscale welding process uses the plasmonic effect at a nanowire (NW) junction to suppress oxidation and successfully fabricate a Cu‐NW‐based percolation‐network conductor. The ...“nanowelding” process does not require an inert or vacuum environment. Due to the low‐temperature and fast‐process nature, plasmonic laser nanowelding may form Cu‐nanowire networks on heat‐sensitive, flexible or even stretchable substrates.
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