Novel considerations are presented on the physics, apparatus and accelerator designs for a future, luminous, energy frontier electron-hadron (
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) scattering experiment at the LHC in the thirties ...for which key physics topics and their relation to the hadron-hadron HL-LHC physics programme are discussed. Demands are derived set by these physics topics on the design of the LHeC detector, a corresponding update of which is described. Optimisations on the accelerator design, especially the interaction region (IR), are presented. Initial accelerator considerations indicate that a common IR is possible to be built which alternately could serve
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collisions while other experiments would stay on
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in either condition. A forward-backward symmetrised option of the LHeC detector is sketched which would permit extending the LHeC physics programme to also include aspects of hadron-hadron physics. The vision of a joint
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physics experiment is shown to open new prospects for solving fundamental problems of high energy heavy-ion physics including the partonic structure of nuclei and the emergence of hydrodynamics in quantum field theory while the genuine TeV scale DIS physics is of unprecedented rank.
LYSO scintillation crystals, due to their significant characteristics such as high light yield, fast decay time, small Moliére radius, and good radiation hardness, are proposed to be used for the ...electromagnetic calorimeter section of the Turkish Accelerator Center Particle Factory (TAC-PF) detector. In this work, the center of gravity technique was used to determine the impact coordinates of an electron initiating an electromagnetic shower in a LYSO array, in a calorimeter module containing nine crystals, each 25 mm×25 mm in cross-section and 200 mm in length. The response of the calorimeter module has been studied with electrons having energies in the range 0.1 GeV-2 GeV. By using the Monte Carlo simulation based on Geant4, the two-dimensional position resolution of the module is obtained as σRmm=3.95±0.08/E⊕1.91±0.11 at the center of the crystal.
Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) complicate malignancies and portend worse outcomes. MPE is comprised of various components, including immune cells, cancer cells, and cell-free DNA/RNA. There have ...been investigations into using these components to diagnose and prognosticate MPE. We hypothesize that the microbiome of MPE is unique and may be associated with diagnosis and prognosis. We compared the microbiota of MPE against microbiota of pleural effusions from non-malignant and paramalignant states. We collected a total of 165 pleural fluid samples from 165 subjects; Benign (n = 16), Paramalignant (n = 21), MPE-Lung (n = 57), MPE-Other (n = 22), and Mesothelioma (n = 49). We performed high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing on pleural fluid samples and controls. We showed that there are compositional differences among pleural effusions related to non-malignant, paramalignant, and malignant disease. Furthermore, we showed differential enrichment of bacterial taxa within MPE depending on the site of primary malignancy. Pleural fluid of MPE-Lung and Mesothelioma were associated with enrichment with oral and gut bacteria that are commonly thought to be commensals, including Rickettsiella, Ruminococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillales. Mortality in MPE-Lung is associated with enrichment in Methylobacterium, Blattabacterium, and Deinococcus. These observations lay the groundwork for future studies that explore host-microbiome interactions and their influence on carcinogenesis.
Noscapine, a naturally occurring alkaloid obtained from opium poppy, is a microtubule-targeting agent. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of noscapine on human breast cancer cell lines by ...comparing them with those of tamoxifen and docetaxel.
MCF-7 and MDA MB-23 cell lines were used to observe the effects of docetaxel, tamoxifen, and noscapine on cell proliferation. For each drug, cell blocks were prepared from cultured cells treated with IC50 dose of each drug and these were examined histologically. The expressions of Ki-67, Bcl-2, BAX, and cyclin-D1 were assessed immunohistochemically.
Although noscapine showed cytotoxic effects on both cell lines in a time and dose dependent manner, MDA-MB-231 cells were more susceptible to its effects. Noscapine inhibited MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells proliferation in vitro with IC50 value of 29 µM and 69 µM, respectively, which was comparable with IC50 of tamoxifen (40 µM and 50 µM) and docetaxel (43 nM and 32 nM). Noscapine showed anti-proliferative effects by decreasing Ki-67, cyclin-D1 and apoptotic effects by increasing BAX/Bcl-2 ratio in both breast cancer cells. Its effect was comparable with tamoxifen and docetaxel.
Noscapine may be a good chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer, especially in estrogen receptor‑negative breast cancer (Tab. 2, Fig. 7, Ref. 40).
Pyridine/ethylenediamine solutions of Sn(9)SnCy(3)(3-) (1) react with Pd(PPh(3))(4) to give new clusters Pd@Sn(9)SnCy(3)(3-) (2) and Pd@Sn(9)PdSnCy(3)(3-) (3), depending on stoichiometry. These ...compounds are formed sequentially and are the first transition metal derivates of exo-substituted Zintl clusters. Oxidative insertion of a Pd atom into the Pd@Sn(9)-SnCy(3) bond of 2 to form 3 represents a new reaction type for Zintl cluster compounds. The conversion Sn(9)(4-)→1→2→3 is a rare case in which charge and mass are conserved in a series of Zintl clusters. Complexes 1, 2, and 3 are all highly fluxional in solution. In all three clusters, the nine Sn vertices are in rapid exchange on the NMR timescale. In 1 and 2, the exo-SnCy(3) substituent also scrambles intramolecularly around the outside of the clusters. In 3, the SnCy(3) group remains attached to the vertex Pd atom. The disparate reactions with the other RSn(9)(3-) ions are discussed.
To examine the effects of adropin on glucose and lipid metabolism in a rat model of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
T2DM were established using high-fat diet and streptozocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg/b.w.). ...Seven days after STZ induction, diabetic rats were randomly treated with adropin (2.1 μg/kg/day intraperitonealy) for 10 days. The study involved the evaluation of biochemical parameters, including blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities. Additionally, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA gene expressions in pancreas tissue were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
The serum levels of insulin and adropin were determined by ELISA. Treatment with adropin showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels, HbA1c (%), HOMA-IR and increase in HOMA-β, serum insulin levels. In addition, intraperitoneal adropin application can reduce serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and increase level of HDL-C. Adropin also effectively ameliorated the alterations in TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expression.
The present study indicates that the adropin possesses antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic effects in T2DM (Tab. 2, Fig. 3, Ref. 32).
Pyridine/ethylenediamine solutions of Sn9SnCy33− (1) react with Pd(PPh3)4 to give new clusters Pd@Sn9SnCy33− (2) and Pd@Sn9PdSnCy33− (3), depending on stoichiometry. These compounds are formed ...sequentially and are the first transition metal derivates of exo‐substituted Zintl clusters. Oxidative insertion of a Pd atom into the Pd@Sn9SnCy3 bond of 2 to form 3 represents a new reaction type for Zintl cluster compounds. The conversion Sn94−→1→2→3 is a rare case in which charge and mass are conserved in a series of Zintl clusters. Complexes 1, 2, and 3 are all highly fluxional in solution. In all three clusters, the nine Sn vertices are in rapid exchange on the NMR timescale. In 1 and 2, the exo‐SnCy3 substituent also scrambles intramolecularly around the outside of the clusters. In 3, the SnCy3 group remains attached to the vertex Pd atom. The disparate reactions with the other RSn93− ions are discussed.
Charge and mass conservation were observed in the series of Zintl clusters Sn94−→1→2→3 (see scheme). Pyridine/ethylenediamine solutions of Sn9SnCy33− (1) react with Pd(PPh3)4 to give new clusters Pd@Sn9SnCy33− (2) and Pd@Sn9PdSnCy33− (3), which are the first transition‐metal derivates of exo‐substituted Zintl clusters.
In the present study, the bioaccumulation of six heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn) in Hediste (Nereis) diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) and also in the muscle and liver of Mugil cephalus ...(Linnaeus, 1758) collected from seven stations in the Bafa Lake was investigated. Sediment samples were also collected in each site to assess heavy metal levels and to provide additional information on pollution of the lake. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in sediment, H. diversicolor, and muscle and liver of the fish were found to be in the magnitude of Cr>Pb>Zn>Cu>Cd>Hg, Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Hg>Cd, Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr >Hg>Cd, and Cu>Zn>Cr>Cd>Pb>Hg, respectively. Hg, Cu, and Zn in H. diversicolor and Hg and Zn in muscle and also Hg, Cd, Cu, and Zn in liver of fish accumulated in a higher degree than in sediment. There was no clear relationship between metal concentrations in sediments, polychaetes, and fish, except Cr. According to international criteria and Turkish regulations, Pb and Zn values in edible muscle of the fish collected from stations S6 and S5 exceeded the food safety limits, respectively. The results of this study suggest that these sentinel species can be considered as good anthropogenic biological indicators for heavy metal pollution along the Bafa Lake.
Smoking prevalence is still high, which requires effective interventions that help many people who smoke at once in addition to time-consuming individual interventions. 'I Quit' is a large-scale ...smoking cessation course in The Netherlands. This qualitative study explored I Quit participants' experiences during and after the course, and perceptions of whether and how the course may have altered their smoking behavior. We performed individual semi-structured interviews with course participants (N = 21) who had either quit successfully, attempted to quit but relapsed, or had continued to smoke after 'I Quit'. Shortly after qualitative data collection was completed, Foundation I Quit was accused in the media of a number of misbehaviors. Although unplanned, this provided a unique opportunity to explore participants' views on alleged fraud in a second round of interviews (N = 16). Data were collected from 2016 to 2018. Qualitative findings showed two psychosocial processes that may explain smoking cessation after course attendance. First, the confrontation with a large group of people who smoke, of whom some had already developed smoking-related complaints, triggered identity processes both towards and away from quitting smoking. Unorthodox methods used in the course appeared to trigger identity processes. Second, social support after the course from participants' own social network facilitated maintenance of successful quitting. The study also found that interview participants' opinions on I Quit did not change much after allegations of fraud in the media.
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