Uneven road surfaces are the primary source of excitation in the dynamic interaction between a bridge and a vehicle and can lead to errors in bridge weigh-in-motion (B-WIM) systems. In order to ...correctly reproduce this interaction in a numerical model of a bridge, it is essential to know the magnitude and location of the various roadway irregularities. This paper presents a methodology for measuring the 3D road surface using static terrestrial laser scanning and a numerical model for simulating vehicle passage over a bridge with a measured road surface. This model allows the evaluation of strain responses in the time domain at any bridge location considering different parameters such as vehicle type, lateral position and speed, road surface unevenness, bridge type, etc. Since the time domain strains are crucial for B-WIM algorithms, the proposed approach facilitates the analysis of the different factors affecting the B-WIM results. The first validation of the proposed methodology was carried out on a real bridge, where extensive measurements were performed using different sensors, including measurements of the road surface, the response of the bridge when crossed by a test vehicle and the dynamic properties of the bridge and vehicle. The comparison between the simulated and measured bridge response marks a promising step towards investigating the influence of unevenness on the results of B-WIM.
Review of: Skupnost znanja in inovacij EIT Urbana mobilnost –prijetnejše in bolj trajnostno bivanje v evropskih mestih z uporabo inovativnih rešitev. EIT Urban Mobility (2021) EIT urban mobility ...strategic agenda 2021–2027. Barcelona. Reviewed by: Anja Ilenič, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, Darko Kokot, Ana Mladenovič, Mateja Košir.
The CoDEC (Connected Data for Effective Collaboration) project has developed standardised tools – an Asset Data Dictionary and associated Ontology – to support data integration between Building ...Information Modelling (BIM) and Asset Management Systems (AMS). CoDEC has also developed an OpenAPI (Application Protocol Interface) to enable automatic data connection between the two systems. Having developed the standardised process, the potential benefits offered for connecting and linking data have been shown in three pilot projects to demonstrate (1) how tunnel monitoring data can enrich BIM models of tunnels (2) how data from bridge sensors can be linked and visualised and (3) how highway data from a BIM model can be linked to GIS-based AMS for the operational phase. This paper describes the project outcomes.
Abstract
Road infrastructure asset management is rapidly transforming into a digital environment where data accessibility, effective integration and collaboration and accessibility from different ...sources and assets are key. However, current asset management processes are not yet fully integrated or linked, and there are incompatibilities between various systems and platforms that limit the ability to integrate asset management with BIM. The CoDEC project has sought to understand the current status of information management for assets, including inventory, condition and new data sources such as sensors and scanning systems, to identify the challenges and needs for linking and integrating different data sets to support effective asset management. As a result, CoDEC has developed a data dictionary framework to help link/integrate static and dynamic data for the “key” infrastructure assets (road pavements, bridges, tunnels). This will enable BIM and Asset Management Systems (AMS) to exchange data and help optimise and integrate data management across systems and throughout the different asset lifecycle phases, from build to operation. This work will be followed up with three pilot projects to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating asset data from various sources through linked data/semantic web technology to build the connection between AMS and BIM platforms.
High speed surveys have become a key source of information to support condition assessment and management of pavement assets. These surveys can be applied network wide to obtain data on the surface ...condition and structural robustness of the pavement. The success of high speed surveys is demonstrated by the growth in the survey industry and the wide range of measurement equipment that has become available. However, these advances bring challenges to road administrations in determining the most appropriate survey to specify for their networks, in selecting the equipment, and in ensuring that the condition parameters delivered will be suitable to support asset management decisions. Although standards have been developed for some of the measurements provided by high speed systems, the focus tends to be highly technical, often not considering the wide ranging needs of routine network level implementation. The HiSPEQ project has the objective of developing guidance and advice to help road administrations to understand high speed road survey equipment, and to help them in specifying the survey requirements, quality regimes and processing procedures. The project has considered high speed survey data that can be used to assess pavement structural robustness. It has investigated the measurement of pavement shape, visual condition, deflection and structure. Via review of current specifications both within and outside the EU, and direct consultation with practitioners and administrations, the project has proposed a set of core requirements for high-speed surveys of pavement surface and structural condition. These requirements have been used to propose survey specification templates that road administrations could use when developing survey requirements for their own networks. Guidance has been developed to accompany the specifications, to assist road administrations understand the requirements and the implications of different levels of resolution and accuracy on the use of the data. The project has also proposed a set of quality assurance processes to consider when specifying condition surveys.
Review of: The EIT Urban Mobility Knowledge and Innovation Community: More pleasant and sustainable living in European cities through innovative mobility solutions. EIT Urban Mobility (2021) EIT ...urban mobility strategic agenda 2021–2027. Barcelona. Reviewed by: Anja Ilenič, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, Darko Kokot, Ana Mladenovič, Mateja Košir.
Rat inferior caval vein (ICV) ligation (up to the right ovarian vein (ROV)) commonly represents a recapitulation of Virchow: with ligation leading to vessel injury, stasis, thrombosis and hemodynamic ...changes. We revealed that BPC 157’s therapy collectively attenuated or counteracted all these events and the full syndrome.
We applied BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng/kg) as an early regimen or as a delayed therapy. Assessment includes gross assessment by microcamera; microscopy, venography, bleeding, blood pressure, ECG, thermography, MDA and NO-level in plasma and ICV, and gene expression.
Direct vein injury, thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding were all counteracted. Also, rapid presentation of collaterals and redistribution of otherwise trapped blood volume (bypassing through the left ovarian vein (LOV) and other veins), with venous hypertension, arterial hypotension and tachycardia counteraction were shown. BPC 157-rats presented raised plasma NO-values, but normal MDA-values; in ICV tissue reverted low NO-values and counteracted increased MDA-levels. Altered expression of EGR, NOS, SRF, VEGFR and KRAS in ICV, ROV and LOV revealed increased or decreased levels, while some genes continuously remained unchanged.
As a new insight, BPC 157 application largely attenuated or even completely eliminated all consequences of ICV ligation in rats.
A schematic depicting the mode of action of BPC 157 during ICV in rats.
BPC 157 Cytoprotection (cytoprotection concept in damaged stomach interpreted as endothelium recovery toward epithelium recovery 1involves controlling functions of two defensive systems, prostaglandins (PGs)-system (BPC 157 counteracts large scale of toxicity induced by NSAIDs, both COX 1-blockers and COX –blockers 4)and NO-system (5; 6; 7) (in addition to preserve endothelium maintenance (a common point for all cytoprotective agents to induce stomach cytoprotection 1), BPC 157 induces NO-release from stomach tissue homogenates 11). With major vessel essential obstruction, such as ICV, this particular endothelium protection should be generalized toward particular activation of blood vessels, seen once obstructed, with particular collateral vessels recruitment to bypass obstruction. Rapidly activated bypassing loop (LOV and other collaterals) and ligation-stop effectively bypassed may be likely related to the BPC 157 ability to interact with NO-system in different models and species and modulate its function as seen in particular with the counteraction of L-NAME-hypertension as well as counteraction of L-arginine-hypotension (5; 6; 7; 11). Likely along with the proposed involvement of the defensive systems, PGs-system and NO-system in BPC 157 endothelium protection in cytoprotection (1; 4; 5; 6; 7; 11), should be the effects of the BPC 157 on bleeding disorders (13; 34; 35), providing prevention and reversal of thrombosis after abdominal aorta anastomosis 13 as well as counteraction of prolonged bleeding and thrombocytopenias after amputation and anticoagulants (heparin, warfarin, aspirin) application, thought to be NO-system related (34; 35), and thereby, in ICV rats BPC 157 did not affect clotting parameters, thereby, attenuated thrombocytopenia and bleeding upon injury. Finally, further attention merits the evidence that with BPC 157 administration in rats which underwent ligation of ICV, these beneficial effects were combined with the altered EGR, NOS, SRF, VEGR and KRAS: increased (EGR, NOS, SRF, KRAS) or decreased (EGR, VEGFR, PLCɣ), while AKT1 remained unchanged in the ICV, as well as in the ROV and LOV. Consequently, particular pathways with both local and systemic relevance could be suggested. Of note, in ischemic colitis model induced by two ligations on left colic artery and vein, upon BPC 157 administration ligation-stops were effectively bypassed, interconnected loop of intestinal arcade vessels presented particular collateral vessels recruitment to bypass obstruction 36. Display omitted
We attempted throughout the NO-system to achieve the particular counteraction of the ketamine-induced resembling “negative-like” schizophrenia symptoms in rats using pentadecapeptide BPC 157, and ...NO-agents, NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME), and/or L-arginine, triple application. This might be the find out the NO-system organized therapy (i.e., simultaneously implied NO-system blockade (L-NAME) vs. NO-system over-stimulation (L-arginine) vs. NO-system immobilization (L-NAME+L-arginine)). The ketamine regimen (intraperitoneally/kg) included: 3 mg (cognitive dysfunction, novel object recognition test), 30 mg (anxiogenic effect (open field test) and anhedonia (sucrose test)), and 8 mg/3 days (social withdrawal). Medication (mg/kg intraperitoneally) was L-NAME (5), L-arginine (100), and BPC 157 (0.01), alone and/or together, given immediately before ketamine (L-NAME, L-arginine, and combination) or given immediately after (BPC 157 and combinations). BPC 157 counteracted ketamine-cognition dysfunction, social withdrawal, and anhedonia, and exerted additional anxiolytic effect. L-NAME (antagonization, social withdrawal) and L-arginine (antagonization, cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia) both included worsening cognitive dysfunction, anhedonia, and anxiogenic effect (L-NAME), social withdrawal, and anxiogenic effect (L-arginine). Thus, ketamine-induced resembling “negative-like” schizophrenia symptoms were “L-NAME non-responsive, L-arginine responsive” (cognition dysfunction), “L-NAME responsive, L-arginine non-responsive” (social withdrawal), “L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive, opposite effect” (anhedonia) and “L-NAME responsive, L-arginine responsive, parallel effect” (both anxiogening). In cognition dysfunction, BPC 157 overwhelmed NO-agents effects. The mRNA expression studies in brain tissue evidenced considerable overlapping of gene overexpression in healthy rats treated with ketamine or BPC 157. With the BPC 157 therapy applied immediately after ketamine, the effect on Nos1, Nos2, Plcg1, Prkcg, and Ptgs2 (increased or decreased expression), appeared as a timely specific BPC 157 effect on ketamine-specific targets.
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