Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing or rapid prototyping, is gaining increasing attention due to its ability to produce parts with added functionality and increased complexities in ...geometrical design, on top of the fact that it is theoretically possible to produce any shape without limitations. However, most of the research on additive manufacturing techniques are focused on the development of materials/process parameters/products design with different additive manufacturing processes such as selective laser melting, electron beam melting, or binder jetting. However, we do not have any guidelines that discuss the selection of the most suitable additive manufacturing process, depending on the material to be processed, the complexity of the parts to be produced, or the design considerations. Considering the very fact that no reports deal with this process selection, the present manuscript aims to discuss the different selection criteria that are to be considered, in order to select the best AM process (binder jetting/selective laser melting/electron beam melting) for fabricating a specific component with a defined set of material properties.
The concept of the circular economy (CE) is receiving encouraging attention among scholars and practitioners, as a convenient solution to move away from the linear economy concept without neglecting ...the goals of sustainable development. The main goals of the CE are the closing of resource loops and the keeping of resources in the system for as long as possible at the highest utility level. However, as a result of the lack of internationally accepted definitions of the CE and several unsolved barriers, an excessive and inconsistent number of different CE applications exist. Most fields are mainly focusing on making a linear system circular instead of applying the CE principles in a holistic way. This paper presents a strategy to close the mentioned inconsistency gap, by contrasting currently discussed CE barriers and goals and thereof deriving two areas with a need for action (1. identifying the needed collection, sorting, and recovery infrastructure, and 2. developing circular product design guidelines). The strategy itself consists of connecting these two areas through an improved information exchange between the end-of-life (EOL) and beginning-of-life (BOL) of products. The result is CE design guidelines which are in accordance with the available or needed collection, sorting, and recovery infrastructure. The proposed strategy presents an innovative solution to apply CE principles in a holistic manner, based on EOL-driven product design.
In the context of Industry 4.0 (I 4.0), one of the most important aspects is data, followed by the capital required to deploy advanced technologies. However, most Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) ...are neither data ready nor have the capital to upgrade their existing machinery. In SMEs, most of the legacy machines do not have data gathering capabilities. In this scenario, the concept of retrofitting the existing machinery with sensors and building an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is more beneficial than upgrading the equipment to newer machinery. The current research paper proposes a simple architecture on retrofitting a legacy machine with external sensors for data collection and feeding the cloud-based databases for analysis/monitoring purposes. The design and functional aspects of the architecture are then tested in a laboratory environment on a drilling machine with no embedded sensors. Data related to the speed of the drill head and the bore depth are collected using newly retrofitted sensors to validate the proposed architecture.
Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that allows overlaying of virtual elements on top of the physical environment. This enhances the perception and conveys additional information to the user. With ...the emergence of industry 4.0 concepts in manufacturing landscape, AR found its way to improve existing Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) on the shop-floor. The industrial setting has a wide variety of application opportunities from AR, ranging from training and digital work instructions to quality inspection and remote maintenance. Even though its implementation in the industry is rising in popularity, it is still mainly restricted to large companies due the limited availability of resources in Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SME). However, SMEs can benefit from AR solutions in its production processes. Therefore, this research aims to develop and present the results of comparison of two simple and cost-effective AR software frameworks for Hand Held Device (HHD) and a Head Mounted Device (HMD), which can be applied for developing AR applications for manufacturing. Two AR applications are developed using these software frameworks which are presented in the case study section. Android device is chosen as a HHD and HoloLens is the HMD used in the case study. The development structure can be reproduced by a wider range of enterprises with diverse needs and resource availability.
Assembly and function of branched ubiquitin chains Kolla, SriDurgaDevi; Ye, Mengchen; Mark, Kevin G. ...
Trends in biochemical sciences (Amsterdam. Regular ed.),
09/2022, Letnik:
47, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Post-translational modification with ubiquitin is required for cell division, differentiation, and survival in all eukaryotes. As part of an intricate signaling code, ubiquitin is attached to its ...targets as single molecules or polymeric chains, with the distinct modifications encoding a wide range of outcomes. After early work focused on homotypic ubiquitin chains, such as the K48-linked polymers that drive proteasomal degradation, recent studies noted abundant conjugates that contained ubiquitin molecules modified on two or more sites. Such branched ubiquitin chains are produced in response to specific signals and they exert functions that are critical for cellular and organismal homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss our rapidly evolving understanding of the assembly and function of branched ubiquitin chains.
Branched ubiquitin chains are abundant in cells and produced in response to specific signals.Branched chains can be assembled by multiple mechanisms that often require collaboration between ubiquitylation enzymes.Branched ubiquitin chains are dynamic, and deubiquitylases can edit, rather than terminate, signaling by branched chains.Branched ubiquitin chains encode diverse functions that range from improving the efficiency of protein degradation to organizing large signaling complexes.Small molecule-induced protein degradation often requires branched ubiquitin chains for efficient removal of a therapeutic target.
•Perinatal BPS exposures alter mammary gland morphology at pre-puberty and adulthood.•Adult mice exposed to BPS during development have retained TEBs.•Developmental BPS or EE2 exposures induce ...intraductal hyperplasias in adulthood.•The effects of BPS are distinct from EE2, a common estrogenic positive control.
Throughout life, mammary tissue is strongly influenced by hormones. Scientists have hypothesized that synthetic chemicals with hormonal activities could disrupt mammary gland development and contribute to breast diseases and dysfunction. Bisphenol S (BPS) is an estrogenic compound used in many consumer products. In this study, CD-1 mice were exposed to BPS (2 or 200 μg/kg/day) during pregnancy and lactation. Mice exposed to 0.01 or 1 μg/kg/day ethinyl estradiol (EE2), a pharmaceutical estrogen, were also evaluated. Mammary glands from female offspring were collected prior to the onset of puberty, during puberty, and in early adulthood. Growth parameters, histopathology, cell proliferation and expression of hormone receptors were quantified. Our evaluations revealed age- and dose-specific effects of BPS that were different from the effects of EE2, and distinct from the effects of BPA that have been reported previously. These assessments suggest that individual xenoestrogens may have unique effects on this sensitive tissue.
In recent years, the manufacturing industry has witnessed the utilization of Augmented Reality (AR) technologies in their daily operations. This paper takes a deep dive into the applications of AR in ...the manufacturing industry, specifically focusing on quality inspection, assembly, and remote assistance. This research offers valuable insights into the technical architectures using custom and commercial software, as well as the Proof of Concept (PoC) applications for Hand-Held Device (HHD) and Head-Mounted Device (HMD). The custom application for an HHD combines the state-of-the-art You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection algorithm to enable AR for quality inspection. We used commercial software from Pocket virtuality® to develop assembly and remote assistance applications for an HMD. An applied research approach was adopted, incorporating the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data to assess the various application scenarios. Among the key findings, it is evident that the functionality of the custom-developed app for quality inspection is contingent upon the operating system, software libraries available on the HHD, and the chosen version of the YOLO detection model. Furthermore, through quantitative and qualitative analysis, it becomes apparent that the software and hardware components of the HMD require significant improvements. These findings offer a high potential for improvement and emphasize the need for further research in the field. Moreover, this research emphasizes the fact that AR has the potential to make a huge impact on the manufacturing industry.
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an analogue of bisphenol A (BPA), used in consumer products including food packaging and thermal paper. Like BPA, BPS is an estrogen receptor agonist and exposures during ...perinatal development have been shown to alter growth and morphology of the mouse female mammary gland prior to puberty and in adulthood. Reported here are data describing the effect of exposure to low doses of BPS (2, 200 or 2000 μg/kg/day) during perinatal development on morphology and gene expression in the mammary gland of female CD-1 mice, with or without an additional estrogen exposure (1 μg/kg/day ethinyl estradiol) during the peripubertal period. Additional data document other estrogen-sensitive outcomes including timing of vaginal opening and uterine weight. The data suggest that low doses of BPS induce modest changes in the mammary gland at puberty, but do not appear to sensitize the female to an estrogenic challenge administered during the peripubertal period.
Quantifying lean and ICT architecture related to Industry 4.0 is a new challenge in Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) that needs to be addressed by both research as well as enterprises ...themselves. Especially in the manufacturing sector, SMEs need to transform themselves into emerging trends such as industry 4.0 while practicing existing manufacturing philosophies such as Lean Production Systems (LPS) to be competitive in global markets. The major concern is that there are many assessment models available to measure the status of an enterprise related to either LPS or Industry 4.0. Often, these models are complex and don’t fulfill the requirements of manufacturing SMEs. On the other hand, most of the models only consider either lean or industry 4.0 elements. The outcomes of this research help to develop a hybrid model including both lean and industry 4.0 features suitable for manufacturing SMEs. The main objective of this research is to provide state of the art literature on existing assessment models and consequently map lean and industry 4.0 components to the specific characteristics of manufacturing SMEs. The paper concludes with a summary and outlook for our future research.
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