Područje Brijunskog arhipelaga, zahvaljujući geomorfološko-hidrološkim, klimatskim, prirodnim i antropogenim utjecajima, tvori jedno od malobrojnih očuvanih jadranskih prirodnih, kulturnih i ...krajobraznih vrijednosti. Na području Velog Brijuna na relativno maloj površini izmjenjuju se elementi više šumskih stanišnih tipova. Antropogeni čimbenik je utjecao na nestanak dijelova šuma sječom i gradnjom infrastrukture. Drugi čimbenik je prekobrojno stanje divljači na otoku. Iz tih razloga formirane su dvije trajne pokusne plohe za praćenje ekosustava na Velikom Brijunu: jedna u ograđenom prostoru rezidencijalnog parka Bijele vile (br. 57) i druga u slobodnom prostoru u predjelu Mrtvi vrh (br. 56).
Istraživanje na kojemu se temelji ovaj rad provedeno je u svibnju 2017. godine na obje trajne pokusne plohe, u sklopu čega su analizirana vegetacijsko-ekološka i strukturna obilježja tih sastojina. Dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s posljednjom cjelovitom izmjerom istih ploha iz 1988. godine. Na temelju obrađenih podataka utvrđene su velike razlike između mjerenih površina. Floristička slika dalje produbljuje razlike između ova dva lokaliteta. Na trajnoj pokusnoj plohi 56 gotovo uopće nema sloja grmlja, dok su na pokusnoj plohi 57 isti izrazito razvijeni. Nadalje, osim flornog osiromašenja na TPP 56 treba napomenuti i nemogućnost prirodnog pomlađivanja sastojine, dok je na TPP 57 evidentiran gust ponik i pomladak. S obzirom na mjerene elemente strukture sastojine 1988. i 2017. godine, sastojina na TPP 57 prirodno se razvija i raste dok je sastojina na TPP 56 zbog velikog utjecaja divljači u fazi regresije i degradacije.
Ponajprije je potrebno na dijelu otoka smanjiti broj alohtone divljači i svesti njezin broj na održivost staništa. Površinu TPP 57 i okolno područje zaštititi kao posebni rezervat šumske vegetacije i provoditi mjere u okviru te kategorije zaštite.
The area of the Brijuni archipelago, due to geomorphological-hydrological, climatic, natural and anthropogenic influences, makes up one of a few preserved natural, cultural and landscape values in the Adriatic. In the area of Veli Brijun, there are alternating elements of several forest stand types on a relatively small surface. The anthropogenic factor influenced the disappearance of parts of forests through logging and infrastructure construction. The second factor is excessive numbers of wildlife on the island. Consequently, two test surfaces were formed intended for ecosystem monitoring on the island of Veliki Brijun: one in the fenced area of the residential park of the White Villa (No. 57) and the other in the free space in the area referred to as the Dead Peak (No. 56). The research behind this paper was conducted in May 2017 on both permanent experimental plot within which vegetative-ecological and structural features of these stands were analysed. The obtained results were compared with the most recent previous measurement of the same surfaces conducted in 1988. Based on the processed data, huge differences were identified between the measured surfaces. The floristic aspect further accentuates the differences between the two localities. In the permanent experimental plot No. 56, there is hardly any shrub layer, while in the permanent experimental plot No. 57 the latter is extremely developed. Moreover, in addition to floral scarcity on the permanent experimental plot No. 56 it is important to highlight the impossibility of natural stand regeneration, while on the permanent experimental plot No. 57 dense sprouts and young growth were recorded. Considering the measured elements of stand structure in 1988 and in 2017, the stand in the permanent experimental plot No. 57 develops and grows naturally, while the stand in the permanent experimental plot No. 56 is undergoing a phase of regression and degradation due to a large influence of wildlife. First of all, the numbers of allochthonous wildlife in the specific part of the island need to be reduced to numbers that enable stand sustainability. The permanent test surface No. 57 and the surrounding area need to be preserved as a special forest vegetation reserve and measures need to be implemented within this protection category.
U vegetacijskom smislu, šume hrasta crnike sastavni su dio mediteranske regije, a hrast crnika se pojavljuje kao edifikator klimatogene zajednice vazdazelenog pojasa. Tijek razvoja vegetacije u ...smislu progresije i regresije prikazan je sukcesijom crnikovih šuma. Sukcesija je prisutna ne samo na hrvatskoj obali Jadrana, nego i u cijelom Sredozemlju. U radu je prikazan pregled vegetacijskih analiza i dinamika razvoja crnikovih šuma. Istraživanjem su obuhvaćene samo MAB plohe i plohe na otoku Rabu na poluotoku Kalifrontu osnivane istraživanjima Rauša, Španjola i Barčića (plohe Šumarskog fakulteta). Uz navedeno u radu je analizirana zapaljivost i gorivost hrasta crnike s obzirom da su šumski požari najveća ugroza za šumsku vegetaciju i općenito raslinje u mediteranskoj zoni.
In the vegetative sense, holm oak forests are an integral part of the Mediterranean region, with holm oak appearing as the dominant tree species in the climatogenic community of the coniferous belt. The course of vegetation development, i.e. progression and regression, is seen in the succession of holm oak forests. Succession is present on the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea, and throughout the whole Mediterranean area. This paper provides an overview of the vegetation analyses and dynamics of development of holm oak forests. Research was conducted only on MAB plots and plots on Rab Island (Kalifront Peninsula, belonging to the Faculty of Forestry, University of Zagreb for the research of Rauš, Španjol and Barčić). Vegetation inventory generated a list of all plant species in the tree, shrub and undergrowth layers that were observed and recorded on the selected plots, with values for abundance (number) and cover. The combustibility and flammability of holm oak were analysed, since forest fires are the most significant threat to forest vegetation and vegetation in general in the Mediterranean zone. Multifactor analysis of variance (Sokal & Rohlf, 1995) was applied to determine the
flammability and combustibility for holm oak. Linear correlation analysis was applied to examine the relationship between individual variables. The course of vegetation development, i.e. progression and regression, shows the succession of holm oak forests (Figure 5). The figure indicates the long time period necessary for the succession of forest vegetation, particularly in the case of progressive succession and complete species conversion. This includes at least several rotations of pine stands, and is in direct correlation with the habitat conditions. The research of holm oak forests on the permanent experimental plots is particularly important. These plots are part of the international Man and Biosphere project (MAB). Vegetation research in holm oak forests can be compared between the permanent experimental plots (PEPs) in the MAB project from the islands of Rab, Brijuni, Mljet and Lokrum (PEPs no. 36, 56 and 57, 37, 77, respectively). The succession processes on the PEPs are expressed through comparisons of time series monitoring data. They indicate the formation of stand structures and the emergence of the dominant tree layer (Figure 6). Understanding the properties of forest fuels in the sense of their combustibility (ability of fuel to combust) and flammability (ability of fuel to continue to burn) is very important for understanding the start and spread of forest fires. Different methods are used to determine combustibility and flammability. The most commonly used method is that described by Valette (1990), based on the research of combustibility and flammability of leaf litter. The regression analysis established that the moisture content of fuel, mean monthly air temperature, and mean monthly precipitation levels significantly affected the combustibility of holm oak (Table 10). However, the results of the regression analysis of the flammability of holm oak on Rab Island indicated that none of these variables had a statistically significant influence on flammability (Table 12). The PEPs were established for the purpose of long-term and comparative ecosystem research, and they will continue to be used for further research to explain the succession processes in the climatogenic Eu-mediterranean community.
Introduction: Breast augmentation has been one of the most popular aesthetic
procedures. Early complications, like infection, seroma, hematoma and
capsular contracture like one of the most frequent ...long term complication,
might be related to wound drainage. Aim of the study was to investigate the
rate of the complications of breast augmentation procedure performed without
drainage. Material and Methods. Retrospective analysis of all patients
underwent breast augmentation in the period of 2003-2013 was performed. From
the medical history of the patients, data related to demographic
characteristics of the patients, surgical technique and rate of complications
were collected. Wound drainage has not been used in any of the patients.
Patients were followed at the discharge, after 7 days, three months and
yearly thereafter. Wound seroma, wound hemathoma, wound infection and
capsular contracture were followed. Results. There were 726 patients with
average age of 28,5 year (22-48). Breast augmentation using silicone implants
was performed with inframammary approach using subglandular, submuscular and
dual plane technique. Average implant size was 339cc (200-520). Subglandular
augmentation had 545 (75%), while, 181 (25%) received an implant in
submuscular plane. Those, who were operated with dual plane technique were 86
(47,5%).In early postoperative period, there was no infection, five seromas
(0,7 %) and eight hematoma (1,1%), while five of them required surgical
evacuation. There was no statistical significant difference between the two
surgical techniques in terms of complication rate. During follow up, there
were three capsular contractures (0,4%). Conclusions. The incidence of
complications in our group of patients after breast augmentation is low even
though no drainage was used. Still, further randomized trials are needed to
prove role of drainage in prevention of complications after breast
augmentation.
nema
Purpose:
Patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) are at substantially increased risk of short-term and long-term cardiac complications. Still, the role of ...perioperative troponin in predicting cardiac events remains unclear. The objective was to systematically summarize the existing evidence on the topic and provide directions for further research.
Materials and Methods:
Studies that examined perioperative troponin values and its association with myocardial injury, and/or myocardial infarction (MI), and/or major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and postoperative mortality in exclusively CEA/CAS patients, published in English until March 15, 2022, were retrieved through a systematic search of MEDLINE and Web of Science. The study selection process was independently performed by 2 authors, while the third researcher resolved disagreements.
Results:
Four studies with 885 participants met the inclusion criteria. Age, chronic kidney disease, presentation of carotid disease, type of closure (primary closure/venous patch/Dacron/polytetrafluoroethylene patch), coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, and the long-term use of calcium channel blockers represent risk factors for troponin elevation, which occurred in 11% to 15.3%. Myocardial infarction and MACE occurred in 23.5% to 40%, that is, 26.5% of patients with troponin elevation, respectively, during the first 30 postoperative days. Elevated postoperative troponin levels were significantly associated with adverse cardiac events during the long-term surveillance period. The rates of cardiac-related and all-cause mortality were higher in patients with postoperative troponin elevation.
Conclusion:
Troponin measurement could be helpful in the prediction of adverse cardiac events. The predictive role of preoperative troponin, the patient population in whom routine troponin sampling should be used, and a comparison of different treatment methods/anesthesia techniques in carotid patients should be further examined.
Clinical Impact
The present scoping review critically appraises the extent and nature of the existing literature data on the predictive value of troponin on the occurrence of cardiac complications in patients undergoing CEA and CAS. In particular, it provides clinicians with essential insights by systematically summarizing the core evidence and identifying knowledge gaps that may direct future research. This, in turn, may significantly alter the current clinical practice and perhaps even reduce the incidence of cardiac complications in patients undergoing CEA/CAS.
This study highlights the advantages of functionalized poly(
N
-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) microgels over pure PNIPAAm microgels in terms of polymer network properties and drug release profiles. ...PNIPAAm network was modified by addition of maleic anhydride (MA) as a comonomer and by formation of interpenetrating polymer network in the presence of alginate. The functionalized thermosensitive microgels in the size range from 20 to 80 μm and with better performance in comparison with pure PNIPAAm microgels were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The impact of MA and alginate on the PNIPAAm microgel structure was evaluated through analysis of microgel size, size distribution, volume phase transition temperature (VPTT), equilibrium swelling ratio as well as morphology of the system. It was shown that the controlled modification of PNIPAAm network could result in microgels of considerably improved swelling capacity with unchanged thermosensitivity and maintained open pore morphology. In addition, drug release behavior of microgels could be markedly altered. Release of procaine hydrochloride from the selected microgels was studied using Franz diffusion cell at temperatures below and above VPTT of the microgels. Temperature-controlled drug release pattern was dependent on the type of functionalization of PNIPAAm network. According to drug loading properties and drug release mechanism, PNIPAAm/MA copolymer microgels demonstrated the optimal performances.
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