An efficient design of the flat-chamber-type electrobaromembrane apparatus was developed and based on it a calculation method that allows to determine the total working area of the membranes, the ...useful area of the near-cathode, near-anode membranes and the volume of the solution to be separated per unit volume of the developed apparatus.
The results of R&D work on alternative materials for accident-tolerant fuel-rod cladding are reported. The chromium-nickel alloy 42KhNM and multilayer composite material SiC/SiC are considered. The ...advantages in terms of corrosion resistance of alternative materials over the conventional zirconium alloys are shown. The results of efforts to optimize a method for welding pipes made of alloy 42KhNM and sealing fuel-rod cladding made of composite materials are presented. A complex of pre-reactor and reactor studies is required to evaluate the possibility of using the materials under consideration as fuel-rod cladding.
•D plasma ions impact on BMG leads to D absorption and modification of some properties.•At D ion energy< 120 eV, the amount of D absorbed increases linearly with ion fluence.•At D ion energy> 450 eV, ...the sputtering process dominates.•Plane BMG samples exposed in D plasma are bent due to D trapping in near-surface layer.
Samples of two kinds of bulk metallic glasses (BMG) with different compositions, Zr48Cu36Al8Ag8 and Zr57Cu15.4Al10Ni12.6Nb5, were polished to mirror-like quality and, after measuring the initial reflectance at normal light incidence, were subjected to impact of ions of deuterium or argon plasma with fixed energy. The main attention was paid to phenomenon on deuterium absorption that reveals as the weight gain after every exposure of the samples in deuterium plasma. For a fixed ion energy (in the range<100 eV), the amount of absorbed deuterium increased linearly with increasing of the ion fluence. Bending of the samples was observed when one side of sample was bombarded by deuterium plasma ions. At that, the radius of curvature of samples was decreasing with increasing the amount of trapped deuterium in such a way that its curvature was increasing proportionally to the amount of trapped deuterium. This is an evidence of near-surface distribution of the trapped deuterium. The results demonstrate that D ions within a fluence of ∼2·1025 ions/m2 are initially accumulated in a thin near-surface layer of the samples. Further, they are noted effects of stress relaxation and of deuterium redistribution.
A method is proposed for optimizing the specific flow of a substance at the outlet of filtration membranes with limitations on current, electroosmotic permeability, retention coefficient, and current ...efficiency at a constant transmembrane pressure. Based on analytical and empirical studies, engineering formulas have been obtained making it possible to calculate the specific output flow for flat-chamber devices with OFAM-K and OPMN-P nanofiltration membranes, which determines the productivity of the electrochemical nanofiltration process of separation of zinc-containing solutions in wide ranges of changes in the electric current density, electrical permeability, and membrane retention coefficient, as well as in transmembrane pressure. The adequacy of the proposed method was verified by comparing calculated and experimental data on the specific flow of matter at the output of the OFAM-K anode membrane and the OPMN-P cathode one. The verification has shown the effectiveness of the obtained engineering formulas in a wide range of changes in the current density on the membranes.
The design of a roll-type electric baromembrane purifier for separating, concentrating, and purifying industrial solutions is improved; its parameters are calculated. The relative effective area of ...separation is doubled. The volume of the separated solution is increased by 38.2% compared to the prototype purifier.
A design of a tubular electrobaromembrane apparatus for cleaning industrial solutions of chemical plants is developed. An optimized version of the apparatus with an effective solution separating area ...is presented and the volume of the body components and the mass of the body are calculated. The economic merits of the materials for fabrication of the apparatus for electrobaromembrane and baromembrane separation are compared. The merits of the developed apparatus design are enlarged solution separation area, increased throughput, improved solution separation quality, and reduced material content per unit volume of the apparatus.
On the grounds of experimental data obtained by a set of physicochemical methods (dynamic light scattering, microelectrophoresis, conductometry, tensiometry, pH-metry, dielcometry, polarimetry, ...atomic force microscopy, and UV and ESR spectroscopy), a previously unknown fundamental phenomenon was discovered, namely, the formation nanosized molecular assemblies, so-called nanoassociates, in aqueous solutions of low concentrations prepared by successive serial dilutions. The formation and concentration rearrangements of nanoassociates may be responsible for physicochemical and biological properties of highly dilute aqueous solutions. The formation of nanoassociates is initiated by a solute under certain conditions, most essential among them being the presence of external physical fields (geomagnetic and low-frequency electromagnetic fields) and particular structure of the substance.
A design of a tubular electrochemical membrane apparatus for regeneration of process solutions in various industries has been developed (updated). A distinctive feature of the developed apparatus is ...increased separation area and volume of solution to be cleaned, which ensures higher productivity and improved product quality. A method has been developed for calculating separation area and volume of solution to be cleaned. The calculations confirmed higher efficiency of the developed design vis-à-vis prototype apparatus.
PDF
