Pokus s različitim varijantama suzbijanja korova u usjevu kukuruza proveden je u 2021. godini na lokaciji pored naselja Markovo Polje na praškasto ilovastom tlu. Primijenjene su tri varijante ...suzbijanja korova: 1. mehaničko suzbijanje korova između redova kukuruza motokultivatorom, a unutar redova ručno okopavanje motikom, 2. mehaničko suzbijanje korova samo između redova kukuruza motokultivatorom bez suzbijanja unutar redova, 3. bez ikakvog suzbijanja korova. Na pokusnom polju je pronađeno 14 različitih vrsta korova od kojih su prevladavali Amaranthus retroflexus (običan štir), Ambrosia artemisiifolia (ambrozija), Chenopodium album (bijela loboda) i Sorghum halepense (divlji sirak). Najmanja zakorovljenost pokusnih parcela očekivano je bila na parcelama gdje je primijenjena varijanta 1 suzbijanja korova, kod varijante 2 je prosječna masa korova po 1 m2 bila 223%, a kod varijante 3 čak 334% veća u odnosu na varijantu 1. Prinosi kukuruza su bili obrnuto proporcionalni sa zakorovljenosti pokusnih parcela, najviši prinosi su ostvareni kod varijante 1 s prosjekom od 6015 kg ha-1, kod varijante 2 prosječni prinos je bio 2907 kg ha-1, a kod varijante 3 1242 kg ha-1. Kombinacija mehaničkog suzbijanja korova i ručnog okopavanja može biti alternativa korištenju herbicida na manjim obiteljskim gospodarstvima i u ekološkom uzgoju kukuruza.
Maize (Zea mays L.) kernels are exposed to mechanical and physical impacts during harvest, transport, handling, and processing. Between harvest and processing, there are losses in grain weight and ...reduced physical quality often occurs. Cracked or broken kernels are quality factors that reduce the efficient use and sales value of maize grain. The adverse influence of mechanical impact on maize kernels ranges from the development of small and large cracks of the pericarp to completely broken kernels, and dust generation. Increasing the amounts of broken kernels results in potential problems during storage due to faster spoilage of grain, difficult and uneven aeration during handling and grain drying, increased risk of spontaneous heating and explosion, increased animal health issues due to reduced utilization rate, and increased respiratory infections of humans and animals, and inefficient processing due to unfavourable ratio of high-value products to low-value products in dry and wet milling. The maize kernel structure, the production system, and the climatic condition’s during the maize growing season influence kernel hardness and brittleness or breakage susceptibility causing differences in the amount of breakage present. During artificial grain drying, high temperatures on the kernel surface lead to internal moisture gradients within grain kernels resulting in increased kernel crackage and breakage.
Suzbijanje korova jedan je od najvažnijih čimbenika u svim poljoprivrednim biljnim proizvodnjama, a osobito u ratarskoj proizvodnji zbog velikih površina na kojima se ona odvija. Nakon otkrića visoko ...učinkovitih herbicida suzbijanje korova u poljoprivredi godinama se provodilo gotovo isključivo kemijskim metodama, ali intenzivna uporaba kemijskih sredstava je rezultirala značajnim negativnim učincima na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje. Veliki napredak u elektronici i računalnim tehnologijama te razvoj sustava za navođenje vozila zajedno s uvođenjem precizne poljoprivrede su otvorili mogućnost korištenja robota u suzbijanju korova. Posljednjih godina su razvijeni robotski sustavi s različitim metodama suzbijanja korova kao što su selektivna kemijska aplikacija, mehaničko uklanjanje korova, korištenje plamena, pare, električnog pražnjenja i lasera. U radu su navedeni primjeri različitih izvedbi robota za suzbijanje korova.
Energetske kulture su sve kulture koje se uzgajaju s krajnjim ciljem proizvodnje energije, a karakterizira ih visok prinos po jedinici površine, niska agrotehnička ulaganja te mogućnost konverzije u ...različite oblike biogoriva. Kako bi se smanjila potrošnja primarne energije, a povećala efikasnost proizvodnje i prikupljana biomase energetskih kultura, u novije vrijeme je poseban naglasak stavljen na razvoj suvremene mehanizacije. Proizvođači nude različita tehnička i tehnološka rješenja, a cilj ovoga rada je predstaviti značajnije trendove razvoja poljoprivredne mehanizacije za žetvu i prikupljanje energetskih kultura.
Prije sedam godina (2016. godine) u Republici Hrvatskoj uvedeno je obavezno testiranje uređaja i strojeva za aplikaciju pesticida. Ispitivanje tehničke ispravnosti uređaja i strojeva provodi se svake ...3 godine u ovlaštenim ispitnim stanicama. Prema dosadašnjim podacima stanje tehničke ispravnosti uređaja i strojeva u RH prije sedam godina bilo je nezadovoljavajuće (loše). Međutim 2022. godine utvrđeno je da je prilikom testiranja bilo preko 88% ispravnih strojeva, bez obzira što je prosječna starost strojeva preko 21 godinu. U radu su putem Fitosanitarnog informacijskog sustava i analizom rezultata testiranja prikazani podaci o broju orošivača, prosječnoj starosti, proizvođaču, tipu stroja i najčešćim kvarovima.
The agricultural biomass classification includes the biomass obtained from fast growing energy crops. One of these crops is the perennial grass Miscanthus x giganteus, which after the third and ...fourth year of plantation forms a high-density stand with exceptionally high and firm shoots. Thus, special emphasis should be put on the harvesting systems. For Miscanthus harvesting, haymaking and silage making machinery is mainly used by applying single-phase or multi-phase techniques. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the Miscanthus x giganteus biomass harvesting systems with regard to the form of harvested biomass, either shredded or/and baled biomass. In addition to application of fertilizers, biomass harvest is the only agro-technical measure that is used when a plantation reaches full maturity and it should be applied with the lowest possible energy input and biomass loss. Due to increased interest in production of energy from Miscanthus x giganteus biomass, the existing machinery is being adjusted to these new requirements and new specialised machines are being developed.
Unazad dvadesetak godina na području Pitomače i Virovitice se intenzivirao uzgoj ljekovitog bilja, a posebno kamilice. Tako da je Republika Hrvatska jedna od najvećih proizvođača ljekovitog bilja u ...Europi. Najviše se izvozi u Italiju, Njemačku i skandinavske zemlje. Potvrđeno je da je ljekovito bilje (a tako i kamilica) najkvalitetnija u ovom dijelu Europe. U radu je prikazana suvremena linija strojeva i opreme za berbu i doradu kamilice.
The objective of this study was to determine the influence of housing system on the physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs. A total of ...240 eggs were collected from Japanese quails kept in two different housing systems: cage housing and aviary housing system (120 eggs from each housing system). Eggs from cage housing system were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than eggs from aviary housing system (11.85 g vs. 10.93 g), and were also longer, wider and had significantly (P<0.05) larger geometric mean diameter, surface area and volume. No statistically significant difference in albumen and yolk content was observed between eggs from cage and aviary housing system. Eggs from aviary housing system had significantly higher shell content and shell strength and required greater force to eggshell breaking. The average force required to breaking the shell of Japanese quail eggs from cage and aviary housing system in all three axes was 14.36 N and 12.70 N, respectively.
The aim of this study was to compare physical, morphological and mechanical characteristics of eggs collected from two duck breeds (Pekin duck and Cherry Valley duck). A total sample of 120 eggs (60 ...eggs of each duck breed) was collected from one-year-old free range raised ducks. The Cherry Valley duck eggs were significantly heavier (94.23 vs. 71.91 g) than Pekin ducks (P<0.01), had larger dimensions and higher shape index (73.80 vs. 70.16). There was no statistical difference between egg specific gravity. According to egg components proportion, the Cherry Valley duck eggs had higher percentage of albumen, while the Peking duck eggs had higher percentages of yolk and shell. The Pekin duck eggs had significantly higher yolk to albumen ratio and Haugh unit value (P<0.01). The average force required to rupture Cherry Valley duck eggs in all three axes (50.32 N) was significantly higher (P<0.01) than average force required to rupture Pekin duck eggs (42.64 N). The highest egg rupture force at both duck breeds tested in this study was determined in loading along the X-front axis, while the least resistance to rupture force was determined along the Z-axis.
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