Abstract
This evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease was developed by a multidisciplinary panel representing the Infectious Diseases ...Society of America (IDSA), the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), and the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The scope of this guideline includes prevention of Lyme disease, and the diagnosis and treatment of Lyme disease presenting as erythema migrans, Lyme disease complicated by neurologic, cardiac, and rheumatologic manifestations, Eurasian manifestations of Lyme disease, and Lyme disease complicated by coinfection with other tick-borne pathogens. This guideline does not include comprehensive recommendations for babesiosis and tick-borne rickettsial infections, which are published in separate guidelines. The target audience for this guideline includes primary care physicians and specialists caring for this condition such as infectious diseases specialists, emergency physicians, internists, pediatricians, family physicians, neurologists, rheumatologists, cardiologists and dermatologists in North America.
Rumination predicts wellbeing and is a core construct in the cognitive vulnerabilities to depression literature. Traditional measures of depressive rumination (e.g., Ruminative Responses Subscale, ...RRS; Treynor et al.,
2003
) rarely include items capturing thoughts about problems or events, even though these thoughts are in measures of related constructs (e.g., co-rumination, post-event processing). We created the Rumination on Problems Questionnaire (RPQ) for use on its own and with the RRS to capture rumination about problems and to align with measures of other ruminative and repetitive thinking processes. Our cross-sectional study of 927 undergraduates revealed the RPQ had a single factor, good internal reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and significantly predicted depression, anxiety, and stress controlling for the RRS and co-rumination. Researchers and clinicians interested in rumination or cognitive vulnerabilities may wish to include the RPQ in their assessments. Measuring and addressing problem-focused rumination may be an important transdiagnostic treatment and prevention goal.
Musical Activity and Well-being Krause, Amanda E.; Davidson, Jane W.; North, Adrian C.
Music perception,
04/2018, Letnik:
35, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A relationship between participation in musical activity and well-being has frequently been observed in recent research reports. Of these, some propose various well-being-related correlates of ...musical participation, but the varying samples and foci leave researchers without a reasoned appraisal of these correlates or a data-driven categorization of them. To address this lacuna, the current research reviewed of existing literature, identifying 562 benefits of well-being benefits perceived to be associated with musical participation. These items were used as the basis for developing a new quantitative measure to evaluate the perceived benefits of well-being arising from music participation. Principal axis factor analysis of data using this new, 36-item measure identified five discrete dimensions: mood and coping, esteem and worth, socialization, cognition, and self-actualization. The development of this well-being measure addresses a gap in the research and provides a tool for future research concerning musical participation.
Examining the empathic voice teacher Fletcher, Heather; Davidson, Jane W; Krause, Amanda E
Research studies in music education,
05/2023
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Empathy enables successful communication and connection between teachers and their students, yet few studies have investigated its specific use in teaching singing. Addressing this gap, we ...interviewed voice teachers to discover how they articulate their pedagogy in terms of empathic practices and observed one-to-one lessons for evidence of the same. A sample of 27 classical and music theater voice teachers in Australia (70% females, 30% males), aged 35 to 75 years old (M = 55) were interviewed. Of this cohort, seven teachers were observed in their one-to-one teaching practices. Interviews and observations were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Results indicated that voice teachers tailor their practices to the needs of students and demonstrate characteristics of teacher empathy identified in previous literature: effective communication, positive relationships, care, welcoming learning environment, trust, morality, and listening. Empathic teaching facilitates an individualized approach in which singing students are supported and motivated in their own autonomous learning environment. These findings have implications for voice pedagogy that features the use of empathy to benefit future students.
Visitor responses to art exhibitions vary depending on visitor traits, the exhibition context, as well as the sensory engagement between visitor and exhibition. The present investigation explored ...visitors' experiences of Love: Art of Emotions, a curated exhibition shown at the National Gallery of Victoria in 2017, which comprised a variety of artworks from the early modern period selected to address the broad theme of love. This article reports on a mixed-methods research project using a short survey and brief exit interviews with visitors to consider how the visitor experience was characterized, the factors that influenced this experience, and how the exhibition content was perceived, with particular focus on the emotional content portrayed in the exhibition's collection of artworks. Results of quantitative analyses indicate that familiarity with artworks and their historical period combine with motivations for attending the exhibition (such as being motivated by the exhibition's theme) and have a clear positive influence on one's emotional experience of the exhibition overall. The results of thematic analyses pertaining to the interview responses provide evidence that visitors processed both the emotional and historical content in the exhibition-indicative of having contemplative experiences and often processing the exhibition content in relation to themselves. These findings have implications for designing future exhibitions and contribute to our broader understanding of how modern-day audiences perceive and respond to historical art exhibitions and the work they comprise.
Background
The association between parasite burden and end‐organ dysfunction in subjects with Babesia microti infection has not been extensively studied, nor has the optimal role of red blood cell ...exchange (RCE) transfusion in babesiosis treatment. This retrospective chart review evaluates the associations between parasitemia, end‐organ dysfunction, and outcomes in babesiosis patients treated with antimicrobial agents and RCE compared to those treated with antimicrobial agents alone.
Materials and Methods
We evaluated adults (≥18 years of age) with laboratory‐confirmed babesiosis who were admitted between 2011 and 2017 to Yale New Haven Hospital, located in a Babesia‐endemic region of the Northeastern United States. Patient demographics, parasitemia levels, clinical and laboratory indicators of end‐organ dysfunction, and outcomes were examined.
Results
Ninety‐one subjects (mean age 65.1 years, 69.2% male) were studied. Subjects were stratified according to peak parasitemia: <1% (n = 34), 1‐5% (n = 24), 5‐10% (n = 15), and >10% (n = 18). Laboratory measures indicating degrees of hemolysis, coagulopathy, and pulmonary, renal and hepatic dysfunction differed significantly across peak parasitemia levels. Median length of hospital stay increased with each successive peak parasitemia level (P < .001). These results indicate a strong association between peak parasitemia level and disease severity. Nineteen subjects underwent RCE, all with peak parasitemia ≥9% and some degree of end‐organ dysfunction.
Conclusions
Babesia microti parasitemia is closely associated with disease severity, though not all subjects with end‐organ dysfunction had high‐grade parasitemia. Our data suggest that the use of parasitemia >10%, coupled with clinical status, is a reasonable indicator for RCE in babesiosis patients.
While researchers have begun to examine how social and emotional investment in music is related to psychological well-being, very little research has considered how best to promote life-long ...participation in music across the lifespan. One particular gap in the existing literature concerns how and why individuals continue to participate or, instead, cease their participation in musical activities. The current research adopted a social-psychological approach to quantitatively examine the differences between 383 Australian residents who have ceased (44.40%) or currently participate in musical activity (55.60%). Responses to an online questionnaire indicated that current participation in music was associated positively with a preference for reflective and complex music and the World Health Organization–BREF’s psychological quality of life dimension, and that current participation in music was associated negatively with peer musical engagement when growing up. Moreover, gender, age, and measures of musical background and experience were not significantly associated with continuing to participate in musical activities. These findings have clear implications for educators’ attempts foster continued musical participation.
Herbaria archive a record of changes of worldwide plant biodiversity harbouring millions of specimens that contain DNA suitable for genome sequencing. To profit from this resource, it is fundamental ...to understand in detail the process of DNA degradation in herbarium specimens. We investigated patterns of DNA fragmentation and nucleotide misincorporation by analysing 86 herbarium samples spanning the last 300 years using Illumina shotgun sequencing. We found an exponential decay relationship between DNA fragmentation and time, and estimated a per nucleotide fragmentation rate of 1.66 × 10−4 per year, which is six times faster than the rate estimated for ancient bones. Additionally, we found that strand breaks occur specially before purines, and that depurination-driven DNA breakage occurs constantly through time and can to a great extent explain decreasing fragment length over time. Similar to what has been found analysing ancient DNA from bones, we found a strong correlation between the deamination-driven accumulation of cytosine to thymine substitutions and time, which reinforces the importance of substitution patterns to authenticate the ancient/historical nature of DNA fragments. Accurate estimations of DNA degradation through time will allow informed decisions about laboratory and computational procedures to take advantage of the vast collection of worldwide herbarium specimens.
Continued participation in music has been associated with well-being outcomes, yet many either fail to begin or cease musical participation after limited exposure. The current research examined why ...individuals cease participating, focusing on identifying barriers to participation and the support needed to reengage in musical activities. A sample of 190 Australian residents (Mage = 26.87; 75.80% female) who had ceased previous musical participation completed an online questionnaire in which they rated the degree to which 15 items reflected their reasons for ceasing musical participation and answered an open-ended question regarding their requirements for reengagement. An exploratory factor analysis of the quantitative responses identified 4 components relating to cessation: "access and opportunity," "activity experience," "obligations," and "difficulty with practicing." A grounded theory analysis concerning the support required for reengagement indicated 4 key themes: "personal investment," "requirements of the musical activity," "personal qualities," and "no interest in reengagement." Collectively, these results provide an in-depth understanding of factors external to music itself as influences on continued musical participation. With implications for facilitators and educators, these results suggest a need for collaboration and interaction between music facilitators and participants.
Recent research suggests that rumination may represent both a risk factor for and consequence of depression, especially among female samples. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined a ...reciprocal model of rumination and depression in early adolescence, just before rates of depression diverge by gender. The present study evaluated a cross-lagged path model of rumination and depression in a sample of 408 early adolescents. Gender moderation was also examined. Support was found for a longitudinal bidirectional model of rumination and depression but only among girls. For boys, increased rumination emerged as a consequence, not as a predictor, of depression symptoms. In early adolescence, rumination may be a greater risk factor for depression among girls than boys, whereas depression may be a significant vulnerability factor for increased rumination among both boys and girls. Why rumination may be more maladaptive for girls than boys is discussed within a psychosocial and developmental framework.
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