Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an ulcerative disease of the oral mucosa without a clearly defined etiology. The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum zinc levels in patients with RAS in ...comparison to healthy controls and to validate the association between zinc levels and the course of RAS.
Seventy-five patients with RAS and 72 controls underwent full dental examination. Serum zinc levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (F AAS). The results were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, chi-square tests and the test of difference between the two rates of structure with p < 0.05 as a significance level (Statistica 10, StatSoft®).
No statistically significant differences were detected in serum zinc levels between RAS patients and healthy controls. The mean serum zinc concentration was found to be 84.2 μg/dL in RAS group and 83.9 μd/dL in controls, within the accepted norms. Zinc deficiency was observed in 10.7% patients from the RAS group and in 6.9% controls. No significant differences in serum zinc levels were found between patients when the course of the disease was considered.
Serum zinc concentrations did not differ significantly in RAS patients and in healthy controls and it did not influence the course of the disease. Therefore, zinc does not appear to be an important modifying factor in the development of RAS.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common chronic inflammatory oral mucosa disease with an unknown cause. However, dysregulation of the immune response seems to play an important role in this ...disease.
To evaluate the vitamin D status in RAS patients and its effects on RAS severity, given the likely immunomodulatory function of vitamin D in the human organism.
Sixty-six patients with RAS and 66 controls were examined. Immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive treatment and other ulcerative oral diseases were used as exclusion criteria. The severity of RAS was assessed according to the clinical classification of the disease, the number of lesions per flare-up and the length of intervals between the attacks. The serum vitamin D level was established in each participant.
The mean serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were found to be 16.81 ng/ml in the study group and 19.22 ng/ml in the control group, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups. In the study group, 5 (7.6%) participants were diagnosed with the "normal" vitamin D levels, while 16 (24.2%) had "insufficient" levels and 45 (68.2%) had "deficient" levels. The corresponding distribution in the control group was 8 (12.1%), 18 (27.3%) and 40 (60.6%), respectively. There was no statistical significance in the difference of vitamin D deficits between the study and the control groups. No correlation was detected between the severity of RAS and the serum vitamin D level.
Vitamin D does not seem to be a trigger factor for RAS occurrence and does not appear to influence the severity of the disease in the studied group.
The case study was to determine the effectiveness of tensegrity massage in a patient after mastectomy.
Tensegrity massage was performed in a 50-year-old woman after mastectomy. The purpose of the ...massage was to normalize the tension of musculo-ligamento-fascial system in the chest, shoulder girdle, and back.
The patient was subjected to a series of six massage sessions, 45 minutes each, twice a week.
The applied massage therapy contributed to the reduction of the postoperative scar tenderness and painfulness, to the relaxation of the muscular tone within the shoulder girdle, and to the improvement of the patient's general feeling.
Tensegrity massage is an effective therapy in the elimination of pain and abnormal tissue tension induced by extensive scarring after mastectomy.
The presented massage procedure had a positive effect immediately after the therapy and after 1-month follow-up.
This paper aims at characterizing clinical features, occurrence, diagnostic process and treatment of oral tuberculosis (TB), basing on the available literature. Oral TB manifestations are uncommon ...and usually secondary to pulmonary changes. They predominantly appear as ulcers. Eruptions are usually single, painful and resistant to conventional treatment. Diagnosis always needs to be confirmed histopathologically. Anti-tubercular systemic therapy is required in every patient diagnosed with oral TB, while topical treatment is only adjuvant. A low incidence of oral TB together with a non-specific clinical picture might pose difficulties in its diagnosis. Oral changes in TB are likely to be overlooked what can result in further spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to a delay in instituting proper treatment. Tuberculosis morbidity has risen recently and more multi-drug resistant strains of TB bacilli are found, what can result in a higher incidence of oral TB. Clinicians should be therefore aware of a possible occurrence of this entity and consider it while making a differential diagnosis of atypical oral changes.
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between a clinical profile and the interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) genotype in a Polish cohort of patients with RAS.
Methods
One hundred and four ...patients with RAS were enrolled in the study and all were subject to an oral examination. The severity of RAS was assessed according to the clinical type of the disease, the number of lesions per flare‐up and the length of intervals between the episodes. The genotyping of two SNPs of the IL‐1β gene, IL‐1β c.‐511 T>C (rs16944) and IL‐1β c.+3954 C>T (rs1143634), was carried out by genomic DNA isolated from blood samples and by using the PCR‐RFLP approach. The results were statistically analysed with chi‐square and Fisher's tests and Spearman's rank correlation, with P < 0.05 assumed to be a significance level (Statistica 10; StatSoft®, Kraków, Poland).
Results
No statistically significant associations or correlations were found between the presence of *2 allele and minor, major or herpetiform RAS nor after the stratification using the RAS severity score and the classification based on the number of lesions per one flare‐up. A weak correlation was found between the number of lesions per one flare‐up and heterozygosity promoting the A type of RAS, characterized by a low number of eruptions.
Conclusions
The presence of IL‐1 β *2 allele within the c.+3954 and c.‐511 SNPs was found to be neither a significant risk factor for a higher incidence of any type of RAS, nor did it influence the disease severity and mode of recurrences.
Background
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a common ulcerative disorder of the oral mucosa, where the immune impairment may develop in genetically predisposed subjects exposed to certain ...environmental factors. The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of anaemia, iron and vitamin B12 deficiency in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and to explore its impact on the clinical presentation of RAS.
Methods
A total of 141 adults including the following: 71 subjects with RAS and 70 controls were enrolled in the study. A detailed dental and haematological assessment, including full blood count, serum iron and vitamin B12 evaluation, was performed in all study participants. The results were statistically analysed with Mann‐Whitney, Kruskal‐Wallis, χ2 and Fisher tests with P < .05 designated as a significance level.
Results
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients were found to suffer anaemia, iron and vitamin B12 deficiency more frequently than the controls. The mean serum iron levels were also significantly lower in RAS subjects than in controls, although still within the norm. The lowest mean serum iron levels were observed in patients with a mild course of RAS. No significant differences in mean serum iron and vitamin B12 levels were revealed as a function of stratification according to the number of lesions per single flare‐up.
Conclusions
The results of our study indicate an association between iron and vitamin B12 deficiency and RAS in a Polish population. However, as the haematinic deficiencies did not significantly modify the course and clinical phenotype of the disease, further studies to explore their role in RAS aetiology are required.
•There were no significant differences in the genotype distribution for the IL-1β C+3954T between the RAS and control groups.•The frequency of IL-1β*T-511/*T-511 homozygotes among the patients was ...significantly higher when compared to our study control.•The genetic association between the studied SNPs of the IL-1β gene and RAS remains controversial and requires further investigation.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic, ulcerative disease with a probable polygenic mode of inheritance and complex etiology with a strong immunological background. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL-1β gene: IL-1β−511 T>C (rs16944) and IL-1β+3954C>T (rs1143634) and RAS susceptibility in a moderately large group of patients.
One hundred and four patients with minor, major and herpetiform RAS and 75 healthy volunteers were genotyped at IL-1β−511 T>C (rs16944) and IL-1β+3954C>T (rs1143634) using the PCR-RFLP approach. The results were statistically analysed with chi-square test and test of difference between two rates of structure, with p<0.05 assumed to be a statistically significance level (Statistica 10, StatSoft®, Kraków, Poland).
There were no statistically significant differences in the genotype distribution for the IL-1β C+3954T polymorphism between the RAS and control groups. The frequency of IL-1β*T-511/*T–511 homozygotes among the patients was significantly higher when compared to our study control (p<0.0347). The results after stratification into carriers and non-carriers of C and T alleles did not clearly indicate which SNP may be considered a risk factor for RAS.
The genetic association between the studied SNPs of the IL-1β gene and RAS remains controversial and requires further investigation.
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